The Routledge Companion to Native American Literature The Routledge Companion to Native American Literature explores the historical, political, cultural, and aesthetic tensions that create a problematic legacy in the study of Native American literature. This important and timely addition to the field provides context for issues of community identity, ethnicity, gender and sexuality, language, and sovereignty as they enter into Native American literary texts through allusions, references, and language use. The volume presents more than forty chapters by leading and emerging international scholars and analyzes: regional, cultural, racial, and sexual identities in Native American literature; key historical moments from the earliest period of colonial contact to the present; worldviews in relation to issues such as health, spirituality, animals, and physical environments; traditions of cultural creation that are key to understanding the styles, allusions, and language of Native American literature; the impact of differing literary forms of Native American literature. This collection provides a map of the critical issues central to the discipline and uncovers new perspectives and directions for the development of the field. It is essential reading for anyone interested in the past, present, and future of this literary culture. Contributors: Joseph Bauerkemper, Susan Bernardin, Susan Berry Brill de Ramírez, Kirby Brown, David J. Carlson, Cari M. Carpenter, Eric Cheyfitz, Tova Cooper, Alicia Cox, Birgit Däwes, Janet Fiskio, Earl E. Fitz, John Gamber, Kathryn N. Gray, Sarah Henzi, Susannah Hopson, Hsinya Huang, Brian K. Hudson, Bruce E. Johansen, Judit Ágnes Kádár, Amelia V. Katanski, Susan Kollin, Chris LaLonde, A. Robert Lee, Iping Liang, Drew Lopenzina, Brandy Nālani McDougall, Deborah L. Madsen, Diveena S. Marcus, Sabine N. Meyer, Carol Miller, David L. Moore, Birgit Brander Rasmussen, Mark Rifkin, Kenneth M. Roemer, Oliver Scheiding, Lee Schweninger, Stephanie A. Sellers, Kathryn W. Shanley, Leah Sneider, David Stirrup, Theodore C. Van Alst Jr., Tammy Wahpeconiah. Deborah L. Madsen is Professor of American Literature and Culture at the University of Geneva, Switzerland. ALSO AVAILABLE IN THIS SERIES The Routledge Companion to Anglophone Caribbean Literature Also available in paperback The Routledge Companion to Asian American and Pacific Islander Literature The Routledge Companion to Experimental Literature Also available in paperback The Routledge Companion to Latino/a Literature Also available in paperback The Routledge Companion to Literature and Human Rights The Routledge Companion to Literature and Science Also available in paperback The Routledge Companion to Native American Literature The Routledge Companion to Science Fiction Also available in paperback The Routledge Companion to Travel Writing The Routledge Companion to World Literature Also available in paperback The Routledge Companion to Native American Literature Edited by Deborah L. Madsen First published 2016 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2016 Deborah L. Madsen for selection and editorial matter; individual contributors their contributions. The right of Deborah L. Madsen to be identified as the author of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Routledge companion to Native American literature/[edited by] Deborah L. Madsen. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. American literature—Indian authors—History and criticism 2. American literature— Indian authors—Themes, motives. 3. Indians in literature. 4. Group identity—United States. 5. Indians of North America—Ethnic identity. 6. Indians of North America— Intellectual life. 7. Indians of North America—Social conditions. 8. Indians of North America—Social life and customs. 9. United States—Civilization. I. Madsen, Deborah L., editor. II. Title: Companion to Native American literature. III. Title: Native American literature. PS153.I52R68 2015 810.9’897—dc23 2015009262 ISBN: 978-1-13-802060-3 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-77734-4 (ebk) Typeset in Goudy by Book Now Ltd, London Contents List of figures Notes on contributors Acknowledgements Introduction: The Indigenous Contexts of “Native.” “American.” “Literature.” DEBORAH L. MADSEN PART I Identities 1 Indigenous American Literature: The Inter-American Hemispheric Perspective EARL E. FITZ 2 Alaska Native Literature SUSAN KOLLIN 3 American Imperialism and Pacific Literatures BRANDY NĀLANI MCDOUGALL 4 Clear-Cut: The Importance of Mixedblood Identities and the Promise of Native American Cosmopolitanism to Native American Literatures CHRIS LALONDE 5 The Problem of Authenticity in Contemporary American “Gone Indian” Stories JUDIT ÁGNES KÁDÁR 6 Indigenous Writers and the Urban Indian Experience CAROL MILLER 7 Recovering a Sovereign Erotic: Two-Spirit Writers “Reclaim a Name for Ourselves” ALICIA COX 8 Indigenous Feminisms LEAH SNEIDER PART II Key Moments 9 U.S.–Indian Treaty-Relations and Native American Treaty Literature DAVID J. CARLSON 10 The Marshall Trilogy and Its Legacies SABINE N. MEYER 11 Native Letters and North-American Indian Wars OLIVER SCHEIDING 12 Finding Voice in Changing Times: The Politics of Native Self-Representation during the Periods of Removal and Allotment MARK RIFKIN 13 Assimilative Schooling and Native American Literature TOVA COOPER 14 Federalism Reconfigured: Native Narrations and the Indian New Deal JOSEPH BAUERKEMPER 15 Embodied Jurisgenesis: NAGPRA, Dialogue, and Repatriation in American Indian Literature AMELIA V. KATANSKI 16 Native American Literature and the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples ERIC CHEYFITZ PART III Sovereignties 17 “That We May Stand Up and Walk Ourselves”: Indian Sovereignty and Diplomacy after the Revolutionary War TAMMY WAHPECONIAH 18 “What Can I Tell Them That They Will Hear?”: Environmental Sovereignty and American Indian Literature LEE SCHWENINGER 19 A Seat at the Table: Political Representation for Animals BRIAN K. HUDSON 20 Where Food Grows on Water: Food Sovereignty and Indigenous North American Literatures JANET FISKIO 21 (Alter)Native Medicine and Health Sovereignty: Disease and Healing in Contemporary Native American Writings HSINYA HUANG 22 Religious Sovereignty and the Ghost Dance in Native American Fiction SUSANNAH HOPSON 23 Native American Activism and Survival: Political, Legal, Cultural BRUCE E. JOHANSEN 24 Identity, Culture, Community, and Nation: Literary Theory as Politics and Praxis KIRBY BROWN PART IV Traditions 25 Indigenous Literacy and Language BIRGIT BRANDER RASMUSSEN 26 Native American Voices in Colonial North America KATHRYN N. GRAY 27 Early Native American Writing DREW LOPENZINA 28 The Historical and Literary Role of Folklore, Storytelling, and the Oral Tradition in Native American Literatures SUSAN BERRY BRILL DE RAMÍREZ 29 Spinning the Binary: Visual Cultures and Literary Aesthetics DAVID STIRRUP 30 Indigenous Hermeneutics through Ceremony: Song, Language, and Dance DIVEENA S. MARCUS