Caesar’s Palace Las Vegas The Roman Empire • The emperors and their stories • Roman architecture and its story • Odds & Ends – The Roman army – Food – Cloths – Housing – Religion & Superstition – Calendar & Games History of the Roman Empire • Sources of accounts – Ancient Authors – Archeology History of the Roman Empire Ancient Authors Ancient Authors • Plutarch in 110 • Eutropius in 360 • Strabo in 20 • Herodias in 210 • Pliny the Elder in 70 • Historia Augusta in 380 • Suetonius in 120 • Tacitus in 50 • Cassius Dio 220 • Zosimus in 500 • Lactantius in 310 • Josephus in 90 • Aurelius Victor in 360 • St. Augustine in 420 • Eusebius in 320 • Et al All dates approximate History of the Roman Empire • Regarding historical accounts, past and present, of the Roman Empire – “ … Sometimes we are confronted with conflicting versions of the same event. How do we choose between them? Sometimes the evidence simply dries up. Then, like Tacitus and all historians, we are forced to make good guesses and to use our imagination. …” – “ … To understand our [present] world we need to understand how it is rooted in [the Empire of] Rome. …” • From Mary Beard’s Forward in Simon Baker’s, Ancient Rome History of the Roman Empire • Regarding historical accounts, past and present, of the Roman Empire – “ … Sometimes we are confronted with conflicting versions of the same event. How do we choose between them? Sometimes the evidence simply dries up. Then, like Tacitus and all historians, we are forced to make good guesses and to use our imagination. …” – “ … To understand our [present] world we need to understand how it is rooted in [the Empire of] Rome. …” • From Mary Beard’s Forward in Simon Baker’s, Ancient Rome The Roman Empire • Roman Empire Start Date: -44 to -27? • Western Roman Empire End Date: • 476: Emperor Romulus Augustulus was removed from office • Our “emperor” from imperator, but … • Eastern Roman Empire End Date: • 1453 with the death of Constantine XI and the capture of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks • SPQR - Senatus PopulusQue Romanus • The Senate and People of Rome (Western) Roman Empire -100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 What is an Emperor Emperor • King – Absolute power – Dynastic succession • Emperor – Titled Augustus • The ruler of the Roman state from -27 to 476 – Absolute power – “Dynastic succession” • Differences? – Augustus granted power by the Senate • The rest of the emperors, effectively, were not (Galba) – The Senate and magistrates continued to exist – Early emperors claimed to be leaders of the republic