Pergamon Titles of Related Interest DIRECTORY OF U.S. PATENT ATTORNEYS AND AGENTS Gvishiani SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND GLOBAL PROBLEMS Radhakrishna SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND GLOBAL PROBLEMS: VIEWS FROM THE DEVELOPING WORLD Urquidi SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN DEVELOPMENT PLANNING Related Journals* GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS REVIEW INFORMATION SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY IN SOCIETY WORLD PATENT INFORMATION *Free speciment copies available upon request. The Role of Patent Information in the Transfer of Technology Proceedings of the International Conference held at Varna, Bulgaria, May 27 * 30, 1980 Organized by the World International Property Organization Edited by F.A. Sviridov Pergamon International Information Corporation McLean, Virginia Distributed by Pergamon Press New York Oxford Toronto Sydney Paris Frankfurt Pergamon Press Offices: U.S.A. Pergamon Press Inc.. Maxwell House. Fairview Park. Elmsford. New York 10523. U.S.A. U.K. Pergamon Press Ltd., Headington Hill Hall. Oxford 0X3 OBW, England CANADA Pergamon Press Canada Ltd.. Suite 104. 150 Consumers Road. Willowdale. Ontario M2J 1P9. Canada AUSTRALIA Pergamon Press (Aust.) Pty. Ltd.. P.O. Box 544. Potts Point. NSW 2011. Australia FRANCE Pergamon Press SARL. 24 rue des Ecoles. 75240 Paris. Cedex 05. France FEDERAL REPUBLIC Pergamon Press GmbH. Hammerweg 6. Postfach 1305. OF GERMANY 6242 Kronberg/Taunus. Federal Republic of Germany Copyright © 1981 Pergamon Press Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: The Role of patent information in the transfer of technology. Papers presented at the International Symposium on the Role of Patent Information in the Transfer of Technology. 1. Patents-Congresses. 2. Technology transfer- Congresses. 1, World Intellectual Property Organization. II. International Symposium on the Role of Patent Infor- mation in the Transfer of Technology (1980 : Varna, Bulgaria) T201.R65 1981 608 81-8494 ISBN 0-08-027555-9 (pbk.) AACR2 All Rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the publishers. Printed in the United States of America Opening Address K. ILIEV Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen, Comrades: Let me cordially welcome you to the opening of the Symposium on "The Role of Patent Information in the Transfer of Technology," organized by the State Committee for Science and Technological Progress of the People's Republic of Bulgaria in cooperation with the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). The themes and the problems discussed at the Symposium are of great interest to the scientists and the specialists of the world and are very important for the development of science, industry, and the economy. For Bulgarians, the opening of the Symposium is sig- nificant in that it occurs shortly after 24 May - a great day in Bulgarian history - the anniversary of the day on which brothers Cyril and Methodius created our alphabet - the day of Slavonic script, science, and culture. And now, for the third time in the world, the discussions covering the importance of the transfer of technological knowl- edge on the basis of patent information will continue in Varna. The discussions began in Moscow during 1974 and continued in Munich in 1977 and are aimed at consolidating international cooperation for the further development of science and tech- nological progress in the world. Patent information takes an important place in science and technological information. World patent literature accounts for 28 million patent documents. About 1 million author's cer- tificates and patents are added each year, related to 350,000 different inventions. Author's certificates and patents protect scientific and technological creation throughout the world. 3 4 PATENT INFORMATION: TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY They represent a combination of scientific knowledge and practical experience and allow the transformation of science into a productive force. The possibilities for utilizing patent information are almost unlimited. Author's certificates and patents are a rich source of recent state information for forecasts in different fields of the economy and industry, for new progressive ideas, for decisions to the industrial problems, and for technological information for different countries in obtaining licenses and identifying markets. Patent information is a realized necessity for the de- velopment of our economy. At the Institute of Inventions and Rationalization, we aim to make it a compulsory element in the work style of every engineer and scientist. The examination of patent documents prevents duplicating research work. It assures the increasing of the research level to more progressive technical decisions. For patent information to have a greater influence over the new researches and treatments, it is necessary to identify new ways and means for its preparation, treatment, transfer and utilization. The mutual exchange of experiences is very important. Let me express my hope that the papers read at the Symposium, and the discussions about the most important problems facing the role of patent information in the transfer of technology, will be useful for all participants and will increase cooperation in this field. Let me wish to all participants and guests of the Sym- posium success in their work. Opening Address M. PRODANOV Participants to the International Symposium on "The Role of Patent Information in the Transfer of Technology" and guests to our city: Allow me to greet you on behalf of the Executive Com- mittee of the City Council, the residents of Varna, and myself with a cordial welcome to Varna. Our city is the center of a number of social, political, sports, and cultural international events. We are grateful to the Organizing Committee for selecting Varna to host this Symposium and I hope this honor is not only an expression of the respect for our hospitality but also an expression of respect for the achievements in science and technique in the People1 s Republic of Bulgaria. We believe that this Symposium will discuss a number of serious problems whose solution will contribute to the ful- fillment of the principal task - assessing the importance of patent information for the development of industry, science and the economy. We will be pleased if the conditions in our city can contribute to the usefulness of the sessions and to the strengthening of cooperation in the field of patent infor- mation between all countries in the world. Let this Symposium be one more positive example of widening scientific and cul- tural exchange through friendly contacts, of stabilizing the peace, and fortifying international cooperation and goodwill between all the countries of the world. We believe that the guests and participants of the Symposium will be the new true friends of Varna and of socialist Bulgaria. Allow me once more to wish you all success in your work and pleasant days in our sunny and hospitable city of Varna. 5 Opening Address L. ZHELIAZKOV Ladies and Gentlemen, Comrades: Allow me to welcome you most cordially on behalf of the Government of People's Republic of Bulgaria and of the Board of the State Committee for Science and Technological Progress on the occasion of the opening of the Symposium on "The Role of Patent Information in the Transfer of Technology." This Symposium was organized by the State Committee for Science and Technological Progress of the People's Republic of Bulgaria in cooperation with the World Intellectual Property Organi- zation. The themes and the problems to be discussed at the Symposium are of significant interest to the scientists and specialists from all over the world and of particular importance to the development of science, industry, and the economy. For us, the Bulgarians, the Symposium is a continuation of the 24 May celebration - one of the most glorious and cherished days in Bulgaria, the day on which we celebrate the creators of our alphabet, the brothers Cyril and Methodius. This is the day of Slavonic script, science, and culture. The script and culture of Bulgaria are among the basic factors for our 1,300 years of existence. The third Symposium in the history of world patents is being held here, in the picturesque Druzhba resort, to discuss the importance of the transfer of technological knowledge on the basis of patent information. These discussions, initiated in Moscow in 1974 and continued in Munich in 1977, are aimed at strengthening international cooperation to further develop scientific and technological progress worldwide. Patent information has an important share in the total volume of scientific and technical information. The world patent file contains today 28 million patent documents. This is enlarged every year by about 1 million author's certificates 6 ADDRESS BY L. ZHEL1AZK0V 7 and patents referring to approximately 350,000 different inventions. The author's certificates and patents granted protect the scientific and technical creative activity of society, taking the form of inventive solutions and, as it is well known, the inventions are an organic fusion of the scientific knowledge and production experience and permit science to become a direct productive power. The possibilities for using patent information are almost infinite. Author's certificates and patents are a rich source of reliable information for forecasts in various branches of the economy and industry, for more progressive ideas and tech- nologies for solving production problems, and for technological information for the various countries in the purchase of licenses or in their search for markets. Patent information is a necessity for the development of our economy and through the Institute for Inventions and Rationalization we are trying to make its use a compulsory element in the working style of every engineer and scientist. The study of patent documents prevents useless dup- lication in research activities, reduces the consumption of material resources, and contributes to the raising of the research level and design activities to reach the standards of the most progressive technical solutions. To increase the important influence of patent information on new research and development, new ways and means should be sought for its preparation, processing, transfer, and use. In this respect the exchange of experiences is of particular importance. Allow me to express my conviction that the papers to be presented at the Symposium and the discussions that we expect on the most important problems facing the role of patent information in the transfer of technologies will be useful to all participants and will aid cooperation in this field. We are grateful that our invitation was accepted by managers and specialists from many countries, from both the West and the East, to discuss the problems of interest to us all. This is wonderful! Allow me to wish all participants and guests to the Symposium success in their work and a pleasant stay at our picturesque Black Sea coast. Opening Address A. BOGSCH Mr. Chairman of the Organizing Committee of this Symposium, Professor Zheliazkov, Mr. Chairman of this Symposium, Dr. K. Iliev, Mr. Mayor of Varna, Mr. Prodanov, Distinguished Participants from Bulgaria and abroad, Ladies and Gentlemen: It is a pleasure for me to say a few words at the opening of this Symposium since the World Intellectual Property Or- ganization (WIPO) has cooperated with the State Committee for Science and Technological Progress of the People's Republic of Bulgaria in organizing it. The idea for this meeting originally came from Dr. K. Iliev, the distinguished Director General of the Bulgarian Institute for Inventions and Rationalization (IRA). He com- municated this idea to me not quite two years ago, when I was on an official visit to Sofia. It appealed to me very much, and Dr. Iliev and his collaborators, together with some of my colleagues including mainly Dr. Sviridov, Deputy Director General of WIPO, immediately got to work. This is the third International Symposium on patent documentation and information matters cosponsored by WIPO. The first one took place in Moscow in 1974, and the second in Munich in 1977. While all of these meetings dealt with patent information and documentation, as does the present meeting, each meeting emphasized a different aspect of the subject. The Moscow Symposium centered on the usefulness of patent information in scientific research and development. The Munich Symposium stressed the usefulness of patent information for industry. The Varna Symposium seeks to highlight the usefulness of patent information in the transfer of technology. At a time when WIPO and the entire United Nations system of organizations are deeply interested in ways and means of facilitating transfer of technology, primarily from the 8 ADDRESS BY A. BOGSCH 9 industrialized countries to the developing countries, the em- phasis that the Varna Symposium will place on transfer of technology is especially appropriate. Since transfer of technology takes place also among industrialized countries, and also between the industrialized countries of Eastern Europe and the industrialized market economy countries, you will hear lectures by speakers from all three of these groups - that is, from the capitalist countries, from the socialist countries, and from the developing coun- tries . We were fortunate to have been able to find very dis- tinguished lecturers from all three groups. Mr. Ekani, Director General of the African Intellectual Property Organization, is the main representative of the developing countries. Official government authorities from the market economy countries are represented by Dr. Borggârd from Sweden, Mr. Diamond from the United States of America, Mr. Smith from Australia, Mr. Le T allée from France, Mr. Davis from the United Kingdom, Dr. Leberl from Austria, Mr. Comte from Switzerland, Mr. Dekker from the Netherlands and Mr. Takagi from Japan. I have mentioned them in the order in which they will speak. Mr. Delorme will speak on behalf of the European Patent Office. As for the European socialist countries, you will hear Professor Montchev and Dr. Iliev from Bulgaria, Mr. Matkin from the Soviet Union, Mr. Janke from the German Democratic Republic and Mr. Tcherviakov representing the Council of Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA). You will also hear representatives of four private or- ganizations that are firmly established and world famous in the field of patent documentation, namely: International Patent Documentation Center (INPADOC), Derwent and Japan Patent Information Center (JAPATIC). They are represented by Dr. Auracher, Mr. Winning and Mr. Nagamura, respectively. In addition to hearing the reports of these featured speakers, you are all cordially invited and urged to participate in the discussions. You may not only ask questions but you may also comment on what you have heard or you may advance new insights and new ideas. Careful note will be taken of all interventions. The State Committee of Bulgaria plans to publish all the proceedings, after the Symposium, in the form of a printed volume. This publication will be done by Per- garaon Press, represented here by Mr. Robert Maxwell. Mr. Chairman, I find this room very agreeable and the meeting very well organized; I find our hotel excellent; I was very cordially received at the airport of Sofia and Varna. I am sure that all the participants have had similar experiences and impressions. We are happy to be here in Bulgaria, a country founded 1300 years ago, with a proud history and a