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The role of legumes in the farming systems of the Mediterranean areas : proceedings of a Workshop on the Role of Legumes in the Farming Systems of the Mediterranean Areas, UNDP/ICARDA, Tunis, June 20-24, 1988 PDF

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Preview The role of legumes in the farming systems of the Mediterranean areas : proceedings of a Workshop on the Role of Legumes in the Farming Systems of the Mediterranean Areas, UNDP/ICARDA, Tunis, June 20-24, 1988

THE ROLE OF LEGUMES IN THE FARMING SYSTEMS OF THE MEDITERRANEAN AREAS DEVELOPMENTS IN PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCES VOLUME 38 The Role of Legumes in the Farming Systems of the Mediterranean Areas Proceedings of a Workshop on the Role of Legumes in the Farming Systems of the Mediterranean Areas UNDP/ICARDA, Tunis, June 20-24, 1988 Edited by A.E. OSMAN, M.H. IBRAHIM and M.A. JONES The International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) , Aleppo, Syria KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS DORDRECHT / BOSTON / LONDON Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Role of legumes in the farming systems of the Mediterranean areas : proceedings of a workshop on the role of legumes in the farming systems of the Mediterranean areas, UNDPI ICARDA , Tunis, June 20-24, 1988 I edited by A.E. Osman, M.M. Ibrahim, and M.A. Jones. p. cm. -- (Developments In plant and soil sciences; 38) ISBN -13: 976-94-010-6949-6 e-ISBN-13: 976-94-009-1019-5 DOl: 10.1007/976-94-009-1019-5 1. Legumes--Mediterranean Region--Congresses. 2. Legumes as feed- -Mediterranean Reglon--Congresses. 3. Legumes as food- -Mediterranean Region--Congresses. 4. Agricultural systems- -Mediterranean Reglon--Congresses. I. Osman. A. E. II. Ibrahim, M. M. III. Jones, M. A. IV. United Nations Development Programme. V. InTernational Center for AgrIcultural Research in the Dry Areas. VI. Series: Developments in plant and soil sciences; v. 38. SB203.3.M43R65 1990 338.1'733'091822--dc20 89-15633 ISBN -13: 978-94-010-6949-6 Published by Kluwer Academic Publishers, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Kluwer Academic Publishers incorporates the publishing programmes of Martinus Nijhoff, Dr W. Junk, D. Reidel, and MTP Press. Sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by Kluwer Academic Publishers, 101 Philip Drive, Norwell, MA 02061, U.S.A. In all other countries, sold and distributed by Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, P_O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands IJril/lct/ Oil acid/in' papa All rights reserved © 1990 ICARDA Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1990 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owners. Table of Contents Foreword vii Acknowledgements ix I. A GLOBAL AND REGIONAL OVERVIEW OF THE ROLE OF LEGUMES IN FARMING SYSTEMS Legumes in Farming Systems in Mediterranean Climates I. Buddenhagen 3 The role of legumes in the farming systems of Algeria A. Benbelkacem 31 The role of legumes in the farming systems of Cyprus I. Papastylianou 39 The role of legumes in the farming systems of Egypt A.M. Nassib, A. Rammah and A.H.A. Hussein 51 The role of legumes in the farming systems of Greece c.1. Podimatas 63 The role of legumes in the farming systems of Iraq A.H.K. AI-Anney 71 The role of legumes in the farming systems of Jordan N.1. Haddad and B.A. Snobar 77 The role of legumes in the farming systems of Morocco M. Bounejmate 85 The role of legumes in the farming systems of Portugal A.M. Dordio 93 The role of legumes in the farming systems of Syria B. Mawlawi and M.W. Tawil 105 The role of legumes in the farming systems of Tunisia M.H. Halila, A.B.K. Dahmane and H. Seklani 115 The role of legumes in the farming systems of Turkey M. GuIer 131 II. THE ROLE OF LEGUMES IN HUMAN AND ANIMAL NUTRITION The role of food legumes in the diets of the populations of Mediterranean areas and associated nutritional factors P.N. Bahl 143 V vi The role of food legume straw and stubble in feeding livestock B.S. Capper 151 III. THE ROLE OF LEGUMES IN CRop-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS Farming systems producing livestock in Mediterranean areas A.R. Abou Akkada 165 The French Mediterranean zones: sheep rearing systems and the present and potential role of pasture legumes G. Gintzburger, J.J. Rochon and A.P. Cones a 179 The role of forage legumes in rotation with cereals in Mediterranean areas M.J. Jones 195 The role of legumes in improving marginal lands A.E. Osman, M. Pagnotta, L. Russi, P.S. Cocks and M. Falcinelli 205 The role of self-regenerating pasture in rotation with cereals in Mediterranean areas A.D. Robson 217 IV. THE ROLE OF SOCIo-EcONOMICS AND EXTENSION IN PROMOTING LEGUMES IN FARMING SYSTEMS Annual cropping under dryland conditions in Turkey: a case study N. Durutan, K. Meyveci, M. Karaca, M. Avci and H. Eyuboglu 239 The extension of the ley farming system in South Australia: a case study G.D. Webber 257 The use of on-farm research as a method of extending legume production in Mediterranean farming systems W. Erskine, T.L. Nordblom, P.S. Cocks, M. Pala and E.F. Thomson 273 Human constraints in extending the use of forage legumes in Mediterranean areas R. Springborg 283 v. WORKSHOP DISCUSSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 295 List of Participants 305 Foreword Legumes are an important source of protein for humans and animals. They provide nutritionally rich crop residues for animal feed, and playa key role in maintaining the productivity of soils particularly through biological nitro- gen fixation. They are, therefore, of immense value in rainfed farming systems. The International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) has a responsibility for research on food, pasture, and forage legumes. The Center also has the broad objective of improving livestock production in rainfed farming systems. Although food legumes have be~n known and grown by farmers in the WANA region for a long time, their productivity has remained low and variable. Forage legumes, on the other hand, are not so well known by farmers of the region, and their role in the farming systems is not so well understood. Thus, we need to develop the concept of using forage legumes as crops and to fit them into cropping systems. In its efforts to increase the productivity of food legumes and develop the legume-based crop/livestock systems, ICARDA has established a network of scientists in the different National Agricultural Research Systems in the region. To further strengthen this network, ICARDA convened a workshop on 'The Role of Legumes in the Farming Systems of Mediterranean Areas' in Tunis, Tunisia, 20-24 June 1988. This workshop was co-sponsored by UNDP, who also contributed funds for this publication. An overview of the role of legumes in the farming systems of the Mediterranean basin itself, and of other parts of the world with a Mediterra- nean climate, formed the background on which specific topics and discus- sions were based. The papers presented in the workshop, the discussions, and recommendations are presented in these proceedings which I trust will contribute to a better understanding of the past, present and future role of legumes in farming systems. I am confident that the knowledge, interest and ideas generated by this workshop will assist in developing sound future strategies which will improve the welfare of the less privileged farmers in the Mediterranean areas of the WANA region and elsewhere. Nasrat R. Fadda Director General [CARDA vii Acknowledgements We wish to convey our sincere appreciation to all those who contributed to these proceedings: the authors, the workshop participants, Ahmed Kamel and his staff at the ICARDA Tunis Office, and the secretaries and artists at ICARDA headquarters, especially Aida Battikha, Mary Bogharian, Amira Diab and Abdul-Rahman Hawa. We are especially grateful to Parvin Damania for her invaluable secretarial expertise at a critical time. The workshop could not have been held nor the proceedings printed without the financial assistance of UNDP and the hospitality of the Govern- ment of Tunisia. We thank them for their generosity. The Editors ix PART I A GLOBAL AND REGIONAL OVERVIEW OF THE ROLE OF LEGUMES IN FARMING SYSTEMS PART II THE ROLE OF LEGUMES IN HUMAN AND ANIMAL NUTRITION

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