RISE OF EVANGELICALISM Mk-Up 8/12/03 1:35 pm Page 2 John's Mac John's Mac: JOHN'S JOB front.fm Page 3 Tuesday, April 28, 2015 2:29 PM A History of Evangelicalism People, movements and ideas in the english-speaking world V O L U M E 1 The Rise of E vangelicalism The Age of Edwards, Whitefield and the Wesleys Mark A. Noll front.fm Page 4 Tuesday, April 28, 2015 2:18 PM InterVarsity Press P.O. Box 1400, Downers Grove, IL 60515-1426 World Wide Web: www.ivpress.com E-mail: [email protected] ©2003 by Mark A. Noll Published in the United States of America by InterVarsity Press, Downers Grove, Illinois, with permission from Universities and Colleges Christian Fellowship. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without written permission from InterVarsity Press. InterVarsity Press® is the book-publishing division of InterVarsity Christian Fellowship/USA®, a movement of students and faculty active on campus at hundreds of universities, colleges and schools of nursing in the United States of America, and a member movement of the International Fellowship of Evangelical Students. For information about local and regional activities, write Public Relations Dept., InterVarsity Christian Fellowship/USA, 6400 Schroeder Rd., P.O. Box 7895, Madison, WI 53707-7895, or visit the IVCF website at <www.intervarsity.org>. All Scripture quotations, unless otherwise indicated, are taken from the Holy Bible, New International Version®. NIV®. Copyright ©1973, 1978, 1984 by International Bible Society. Used by permission of Hodder and Stoughton Ltd. All rights reserved. “NIV” is a registered trademark of International Bible Society. UK trademark number 1448790. Distributed in North America by permission of Zondervan Publishing House. Cover design: Cindy Kiple Cover image: View of St. John’s Church by Virginia Hampton, from the Robert Knox Sneden Diary/Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Virginia, USA/Bridgeman Images. ISBN 978-0-8308-9988-3 (digital) ISBN 978-0-8308-3891-2 (print) RISE OF EVANGELICALISM Mk-Up 8/12/03 1:35 pm Page 5 John's Mac John's Mac: JOHN'S JOB CONTENTS Acknowledgments  Abbreviations and short titles  Introduction  . Landscapes:political,ecclesiastical,spiritual  . Antecedents,stirrings  . Revival,–  . Revival,fragmentation,consolidation,–  . Explanations  . Development,–  . Diversification,–  . In the world  . True religion  Afterword  Select bibliography  Index  RISE OF EVANGELICALISM Mk-Up 8/12/03 1:35 pm Page 6 John's Mac John's Mac: JOHN'S JOB To W. R. Ward John Walsh David Hempton Bruce Hindmarsh RISE OF EVANGELICALISM Mk-Up 8/12/03 1:35 pm Page 7 John's Mac John's Mac: JOHN'S JOB ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank audiences at several institutions for the privilege of trying out different parts of this book as lectures and for the stimulating exchanges that resulted:Bethel College,Kansas (with Keith Sprunger and Jim Juhnke); the Newberry Library, Chicago; Regent College, Vancouver (with Thena Ayres and Marilyn Hoeppner);Tyndale College and Seminary,Toronto (with JeffGreenham and Brian Stiller);and the Wheaton College faculty (with Mark Husbands and Tim Larsen). Students in seminars at the Harvard Divinity School, the Divinity School of the University of Chicago, and Wheaton College likewise listened patiently,researched eagerly and conversed intelligently on the themes of this book. By introducing me to the serious study of evangelicalism in Canada and by assiduously building bridges among historians from throughout the world, my late friend George Rawlyk has been a constant inspiration in work on this project. One of George’s younger friends, Mark Hutchinson of Sydney, Australia, was especially helpful with encouragement and books. Another friend, David Hempton, kindly provided a reading of Chapter . For unusu- ally helpful work as a graduate assistant, I am pleased to thank Luke Harlow. The network of historians connected by Wheaton College’s Institute for the Study of American Evangelicals has continued to offer friendship,encourage- ment and instruction in nearly equal measure. In different forms, the same is true of my family. David Bebbington and Bruce Hindmarsh not only read complete drafts of the manuscript with sympathy, but also added perspective, shared biblio- graphy and challenged interpretations in the most helpful way imaginable. Finally,I am pleased to acknowledge singular historical inspiration by dedi- cating this book to four scholars whose innovative research,precise prose and judicious judgments have undergirded its writing from first to last. Mistakes remain all mine;insights come mostly from them. RISE OF EVANGELICALISM Mk-Up 8/12/03 1:35 pm Page 8 John's Mac John's Mac: JOHN'S JOB RISE OF EVANGELICALISM Mk-Up 8/12/03 1:35 pm Page 9 John's Mac John's Mac: JOHN'S JOB ABBREVIATIONS AND SHORT TITLES BDEB The Blackwell Dictionary of Evangelical Biography, –,vols.Donald M.Lewis (ed.) (Oxford: Blackwell,). Bebbington,Evangelicalism D.W.Bebbington,Evangelicalism in Modern Britain: A History from the s to the s (London:Unwin Hyman,). Ch.Wesley,Reader Charles Wesley: A Reader,John R.Tyson (ed.)(New York:Oxford University Press, ). Dallimore,Whitefield Dallimore,Arnold A.,George Whitefield: The Life and Times of the Great Evangelist of the Eighteenth- Century Revival,vols (Westchester:Cornerstone, ,). DSCHT Dictionary of Scottish Church History and Theology, Nigel M.de S.Cameron et al.(eds.) (Edinburgh: T.& T.Clark;Downers Grove:InterVarsity, ). Edwards,Works The Works of Jonathan Edwards,Perry Miller,John E.Smith and Harry S.Stout (eds.) (New Haven: Yale University Press,– ). Evangelicalism Evangelicalism: Comparative Studies of Popular Protestantism in North America, the British Isles, and Beyond, –,Mark A.Noll,David W. Bebbington and George A.Rawlyk (eds.) (New York:Oxford University Press,). Heitzenrater,Wesley Heitzenrater,Richard P.,Wesley and the People Called Methodists(Nashville:Abingdon,). Rack,Wesley Rack,Henry D.,Reasonable Enthusiast: John Wesley and the Rise of Methodism(Philadelphia:Trinity, ). RISE OF EVANGELICALISM Mk-Up 8/12/03 1:35 pm Page 10 John's Mac John's Mac: JOHN'S JO      Tyerman,Wesley Tyerman,Luke,The Life and Times of the Rev. John Wesley,vols,rd ed.(London:Hodder & Stoughton,). Tyerman,Whitefield Tyerman,Luke,The Life of the Rev. George Whitefield,vols (London:Hodder & Stoughton, ). Ward,Awakening Ward,W.R.,The Protestant Evangelical Awakening (New York:Cambridge University Press,). Watts,Dissenters Watts,Michael,The Dissenters,vol.:From the Reformation to the French Revolution;vol.:The Expansion of Evangelical Nonconformity, – (Oxford:Clarendon,,). Wesley,Journal The Journal of the Rev. John Wesley,vols, Nehemiah Curnock (ed.) (London:Epworth, [orig.–]). Wesley,Letters The Letters of the Rev. John Wesley,vols,John Telford (ed.) (London:Epworth,). Wesley,Works(new) The Works of John Wesley,Bicentennial Edition, Richard P.Heitzenrater and Frank Baker (eds.) (Oxford:Oxford University Press,and Nashville:Abingdon,– ). Wesley,Works() The Works of John Wesley,vols,Thomas Jackson (ed.) (London:Wesleyan Conference Office,). Whitefield,Journals George Whitefield’s Journals(London:Banner of Truth,).