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The Rights of Indigenous Peoples in Marine Areas PDF

427 Pages·2019·10.017 MB·English
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THE RIGHTS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN MARINE AREAS The question of what rights might be afforded to Indigenous peoples has preoccupied the municipal legal systems of settler states since the earliest c olonial encounters. As a result of sustained institutional initiatives, many national legal regimes and the international legal order accept that Indigenous peoples possess an extensive array of legal rights. However, despite this development, claims advanced by Indigenous peoples relating to rights to marine spaces have been largely opposed. This book offers the first sustained study of these rights and their reception within modern legal systems. Taking a three-part approach, it looks firstly at the international aspects of Indigenous entitlements in marine spaces. It then goes on to explore specific country examples, before looking at some interdisciplinary themes of crucial importance to the question of the recognition of the rights of Indigenous peoples in marine settings. Drawing on the expertise of leading scholars, this is a rigorous and long-overdue exploration of a significant gap in the literature. ii The Rights of Indigenous Peoples in Marine Areas Edited by Stephen Allen Nigel Bankes and Øyvind Ravna HART PUBLISHING Bloomsbury Publishing Plc Kemp House, Chawley Park, Cumnor Hill, Oxford, OX2 9PH, UK HART PUBLISHING, the Hart/Stag logo, BLOOMSBURY and the Diana logo are trademarks of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc First published in Great Britain 2019 Copyright © The editors and contributors severally 2019 The editors and contributors have asserted their right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 to be identified as Authors of this work. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. While every care has been taken to ensure the accuracy of this work, no responsibility for loss or damage occasioned to any person acting or refraining from action as a result of any statement in it can be accepted by the authors, editors or publishers. All UK Government legislation and other public sector information used in the work is Crown Copyright ©. All House of Lords and House of Commons information used in the work is Parliamentary Copyright ©. This information is reused under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 (http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/ open-government-licence/version/3) except where otherwise stated. All Eur-lex material used in the work is © European Union, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/, 1998–2019. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data Names: Allen, Stephen, 1968-, editor. | Bankes, Nigel, 1956-, editor. | Ravna, Øyvind, editor. Title: The rights of indigenous peoples in marine areas / edited by Stephen Allen, Nigel Bankes, Øyvind Ravna. Description: Chicago : Hart Publishing, 2019. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2019021091 (print) | LCCN 2019021906 (ebook) | ISBN 9781509928651 (EPub) | ISBN 9781509928644 (hardback) Subjects: LCSH: Indigenous people—Legal status, laws, etc. | Indigenous people— Fishing—Law and legislation. | Water rights. | Right to food. Classification: LCC K3260 (ebook) | LCC K3260 .R55 2019 (print) | DDC 342.08/72—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019021091 ISBN: HB: 978-1-50992-864-4 ePDF: 978-1-50992-866-8 ePub: 978-1-50992-865-1 Typeset by Compuscript Ltd, Shannon To find out more about our authors and books visit www.hartpublishing.co.uk. Here you will find extracts, author information, details of forthcoming events and the option to sign up for our newsletters. Acknowledgements T his volume of essays on Indigenous rights in marine areas draws on papers presented at a workshop in Tromsø, Norway in June 2018. The workshop was convened by the editors with the support of the KG Jebsen Centre for the Law of the Sea at UiT, the Arctic University of Norway (Tromsø, Norway), the research group on Sami and Indigenous law of the Faculty of Law at UiT, and the Centre for Sami Studies at UiT. Funding for the workshop was provided by the Jebsen Centre. Christin Skjervold, Senior Advisor at the Jebsen Centre, handled the administrative arrangements for the workshop and Margherita Poto, a postdoc- toral research fellow at the Jebsen Centre, provided additional on the ground assistance. Logan Turner, a visiting student from McMaster University, ably summarised the discussion during the workshop. We are grateful to all of them for their assistance. Finally, we wish to thank Sinead Moloney, Editorial Director at Hart Publishing, and her team for all their help in producing this book. Their encour- agement and support has been instrumental to the success of this project. Stephen Allen, Nigel Bankes and Øyvind Ravna February 2019 London, Calgary and Tromsø vi Contents Acknowledgements ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������v List of Contributors ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ix Introduction ..................................................................................................1 Stephen Allen, Nigel Bankes, Endalew Lijalem Enyew and Øyvind Ravna PART I THE COLONIAL ENCOUNTER IN MARINE SPACE 1. Indigenous Legal Traditions, Inter-societal Law and the Colonisation of Marine Spaces �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������17 Robert Hamilton PART II INTERNATIONAL DIMENSIONS 2. International Human Rights Law and the Rights of Indigenous Peoples in Relation to Marine Space and Resources ��������������������������������45 Endalew Lijalem Enyew 3. Indigenous Peoples in Marine Areas: Whaling and Sealing ����������������������69 Malgosia Fitzmaurice 4. The Jurisprudence of Artisanal Fishing Rights Revisited ������������������������97 Stephen Allen PART III INDIGENOUS RIGHTS IN MARINE AREAS IN DIFFERENT JURISDICTIONS 5. The Evolving Governance of Aboriginal Peoples and Torres Strait Islanders in Marine Areas in Australia �����������������������������������������123 Lee Godden 6. Modern Land Claims Agreements in Canada and Indigenous Rights with Respect to Marine Areas and Resources �����������������������������149 Nigel Bankes viii Contents 7. Indigenous Fishing Rights in Colombia: A Case of Dispossession and Invisibility ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������173 Isabela Figueroa 8. Marine Protected Areas and Indigenous Peoples’ Rights: A Case Study of the National Park of the Coral Sea in New Caledonia ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������191 Dorothée Cambou, Jérémie Gilbert and Marlène Dégremont 9. Legal Protection of Coastal Sámi Culture and Livelihood in Norway �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������213 Øyvind Ravna and Line Kalak 10. New Zealand/Aotearoa and the Rights of Māori to Natural Resources in Marine Areas �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������237 Andrew Erueti 11. Defending Ancestral Waters from the Maritime Incursions of the Modern World: The Tagbanua of the Philippines �����������������������251 Jay L Batongbacal 12. The Rights of Indigenous Peoples in Marine Areas in Russia ����������������271 Ekaterina Zmyvalova and Ruslan Garipov 13. Indigenous Rights in the US Marine Environment: The Stevens Treaties and their Effects on Harvests and Habitat ��������������������������������291 Michael C Blumm and Olivier Jamin PART IV PERSPECTIVES ON INDIGENOUS RIGHTS IN MARINE AREAS 14. Marine Protected Areas and Indigenous Rights�������������������������������������319 Sue Farran 15. Tlingit Use of Marine Space: Putting up Fish ���������������������������������������341 Caskey Russell and X̱ ʼunei Lance Twitchell 16. Governance of Marine Space: Interactions between the Salmon Aquaculture Industry and Indigenous Peoples in Norway and Canada �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������353 Einar Eythórsson, Dorothee Schreiber, Camilla Brattland and Else Grete Broderstad 17. Indigenising and Co-managing Local Fisheries: The Evolution of the Alaska Community Development Quota Programme in the Norton Sound Region ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������375 Evelyn Pinkerton and Steve J Langdon Index ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������401 List of Contributors Stephen Allen, Senior Lecturer in Law, Queen Mary, University of London and Barrister (Door Tenant, 5 Essex Court Chambers, Temple, London). Nigel Bankes, Professor and Chair in Natural Resources Law, Faculty of Law, University of Calgary, and Adjunct Professor, KG Jebsen Centre, UiT – the Arctic University of Norway. Jay L Batongbacal, Associate Professor at the University of the Philippines College of Law and Director of the UP Institute for Maritime Affairs & Law of the Sea. Michael C Blumm, Jeffrey Bain Faculty Scholar and Professor of Law, Lewis and Clark Law School, Portland, Oregon. Camilla Brattland, Associate Professor, Department for Social Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Social Sciences and Education, UiT – the Arctic University of Norway. Else Grete Broderstad, Professor (Dr Polit) of Indigenous Studies, coordina- tor for the Master’s Programme in Indigneous Studies, Faculty of Humanities, Social Sciences and Education, UiT – the Arctic University of Norway. Dorothée Cambou, Postdoctoral Researcher, Faculty of Arts, University of Helsinki and member of the Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS). Marlène Dégremont, PhD student in Anthropology, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier. Endalew Lijalem Enyew, PhD research fellow, KG Jebsen Center for the Law of the Sea, Faculty of Law, UiT – the Arctic University of Norway. Andrew Erueti, Nga Ruahinerangi, Ngati Ruanui, Associate Professor, Faculty of Law, University of Auckland. Einar Eythórsson, Senior Researcher (Dr Polit) in Social Science, High North Department of Norwegian Institute for Cultural Heritage Research, Tromsø. Sue Farran, Professor of Laws, Faculty of Business and Law, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne and Associate Centre for Pacific Studies, University of St Andrews.

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