THE REMINISCENCES OF SIR MUHAMMAD ZAFRULLA KHAN INTERVIEWS CONDUCTED BY PROFESSORS WAYNE WILCOX AND AISLIE T. EMBREE FOR COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY PROF. DR. PERVEZ PERWAZI 2004 "Copyright in the underlying English-language oral history upon which this publication is based is owned by Columbia University in the City of New York. Columbia University has not reviewed this publication to determine whether it is an accurate translation of the interview. No material from this publication may be reprinted without obtaining the approval of the Columbia University. Requests to quote material from the publication should be submitted to the Oral History Research Office of Columbia University." First published by the Oriental Publishers in June 2004. Oriental Publishers, P.O. Box 96512, 2414 Major Mackenzie Drive, Maple, Ontario, L6A 1B0, Canada. Main entry under title: Reminiscences of Sir Muhammad Zafrulla Khan. Based on interviews by Prof. Wayne Wilcox and Prof. Aislie T. Embree of Columbia for Columbia University. (IX) 256p. includes index. Original Title in English: Reminiscences of Sir Muhammad Zafrulla Khan. ISBN — 0 973327 1 9 Notes=* 1 Khan Muhammad Zafrulla Sir, 1893-1985. 2. India - History 1917-1947. 3. Pakistan - History 1947-1985. 4. India. Politics and Government. 5. Pakistan Politics and Government. 6. Muslim-India History. 7. India History Partition. 8. Pakistan History Partition. 9. All India Muslim League History. 10. Pakistan Movement History. 11. United Nations 1947-1954. 12. Judge International Court of Justice 1954-1961 and 1964-1973. 13. United Nations 1962-1963. 14. Vice President International Court of Justice 1958-1961. President International Court of Justice 1970- 1973. I. Perwazi, Pervez, 1936-. II. Reminiscences of Sir Muhammad Zafrulla Khan. III. Based on interviews of Prof. Wayne Wilcox and Prof. Aislie T. Embree in 1962-1963. Cover Design by Nabeel Ahmad Rana Published by Oriental Publishers, P. O. Box 96512, 2414 Major Mackenzie Drive, Maple, Ontario L6A 1B0, Canada. Printed at the Fazl-i-Umar Press, Chauncey, OH 45719, USA. Dedication I dedicate this book to Mr. Kunwer Idrees, my revered teacher and a great admirer of Sir Zafrulla Khan. REMINISCENCES OF SIR MUHAMMAD ZAFRULLA KHAN CONTENTS Page Preface vii Acknowledgement ix Introduction xi INTERVIEW, MARCH 31, 1962 1 Biographical Sketch, The Khilafat Movement, Unionist Party, Sikander-Jinnah-Khizr, Cabinet Mission Plan, Two Muslim Leagues, Political Career, Simon Commission, Delhi Conspiracy, Round Table Conferences, President of All India Muslim League Session, Working of Viceroy's Executive Council, etc. etc. INTERVIEW, MAY 12, 1962 50 Third Round Table Conference, First Commonwealth Relations Conference, Membership of the Viceroy's Executive Council. INTERVIEW, MAY 19, 1962 73 Membership of the Viceroy's Executive Council. INTERVIEW, JUNE 2, 1962 89 Viceroy's Executive Council, The Coronation of King George The VI, Imperial Conference. INTERVIEW, JUNE 16, 1962 107 1937 Elections, War Supply, Supreme Court of India, Agent General to China, Dominion Minister's v REMINISCENCES OF SIR MUHAMMAD ZAFRULLA KHAN Conference, Last Session of League of Nations, Pacific Relations Conference at Mont Tremblant. INTERVIEW, JUNE 30, 1962 131 To England in 1943, Commonwealth Relations Conference, 1945, Chaudhry Rahmat Ali. INTERVIEW, JULY 7, 1962 141 Sir Khizr Hayat Khan, Partition and the Boundary Commission. INTERVIEW JULY 28, 1962 161 Advisory Role, to UN for Pakistan's Membership, Pakistan's Foreign Minister, on Liaqat Ali Khan and Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, The Kashmir Dispute and the UN. INTERVIEW, SEPTEMBER 15, 1962 173 Kashmir, Sheikh Abdullah, UN and Pakistan's Role, 1948-1954, ICJ, Its Working and Jurisdiction, etc. INTERVIEW, SEPTEMBER 22, 1962 197 Again in the UN in 1962, Disarmament Issue, South African Issue. INTERVIEW, OCTOBER 26, 1963 213 President of the UN General Assembly, 17th Session and Particular Issues, Travels during Presidentship, Back to ICJ. INTERVIEW, NOVEMBER 17, 1963 232 Comparing the League of Nations and the UN, Munir Enquiry Commission etc. INDEX 247 vi REMINISCENCES OF SIR MUHAMMAD ZAFRULLA KHAN PREFACE This memoir is the result of a series of tape-recorded interviews conducted by Professors Wayne Wilcox and Aislie T. Embree with Sir Muhammad Zafrulla Khan in New York City during 1962. Only minor corrections and emendations have been made, and the reader is enjoined to bear in mind, therefore, that he is reading a transcript of the spoken, rather than the written, word. Columbia University vii REMINISCENCES OF SIR MUHAMMAD ZAFRULLA KHAN viii REMINISCENCES OF SIR MUHAMMAD ZAFRULLA KHAN ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am grateful to Jessica Weiderhorn of the Columbia University Oral History Department for her cooperation to get permission from the University to publish the Reminiscences of Sir Zafrulla Khan. I am also indebted to my teacher, Mr. Kunwer Idrees of Karachi, for extending a helpful hand to make this publication possible. The following friends helped me in various ways: Mr. Naseem Mahdi, Dr. I.U. Mangla, Dr. Safee Chaudhry, Col. Raja Aslam, Mr. Hidayatullah Hadi, Mr. Nabeel Ahmad Rana, Ch. Ehsan Elahi, Mr. Farhan Khokhar, Professor Dr. Basharat Munir Mirza, Prof. Mubarak Ahmad Ansari, and Ms. Amatur Rafique Rahat. Last, and not the least, Mr. Abdool Hamid Abdool Rahman for editing the transcript and crossing the "T"s and dotting the "I"s, and Mr. Muhammad Ismat Pasha for his help in the word processing of the text in various stages of preparation of the book. Pervez Perwazi ix REMINISCENCES OF SIR MUHAMMAD ZAFRULLA KHAN