ICSCS2012 International Congress on Social & Cultural Studies September 4-8, 2012 Port Harcourt, Nigeria BOOK OF PROCEEDINGS Volume 1 Jacinta A. Opara,PhD Antonello Biagini,PhD M.O.N. Obagah,PhD Giovanna Motta,PhD Austin N. Nosike,PhD Richardo R. S. Hidalgo,PhD Kinikanwo A. Anele,PhD Nayereh Shahmohammadi,PhD ©2012 International Association for Teaching and Learning All rights reserved Printed and Published in the Kingdom of Spain First Published in 2012 Editorial Office Calle Joan Miro 4 bajo 18140 Granada Spain Tel/Fax: 958-59-23-65 The right of the Editors to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted according to relevant EU laws and regulations. The publication is indexed and registered at Ministry of Culture, Madrid 08/114362 Typeset and Illustrations by Luis Cabellero(Spain) Proofreading by Ms Betty Oruhwo and Ozioma Azubuike(Nigeria) Cover Design by Christophe Guerrero(France) Project Manager: Dr Joseph Kosu(Ghana) Project Assistant: Dr Yemisi Olorode and Florence Archibong(Nigeria) Lithography: Beverly Resources, Spain Sub-Editing: Dr Dominic Connolly(Ireland) Media and ICT: Prince Alexis(Ghana) Project Director : Dr Austin N. Nosike(Spain) Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted by European Commission, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise with the prior permission in writing of the publishers.The funding of the International Congress on Social and Cultural Studies and the publication herein is provided in part by the generous grant from Raphael Nosike Foundation. Legal Deposit no. MU-0701-2012 ISBN: 978-84-612-8475-7 Forward I have the pleasure to furnish you herewith the Proceedings which herein contains a collection of the papers presented at International Congress on Social and Cultural Studies (ICSCS2012) organized by African Society for Scientific Research and African Association for Teaching and Learning in cooperation with several partners and collaborating journals in the international community. The congress was held September 4-8, 2012 at Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The ICSCS series is an academic activity for interested scholars, scientists, technologists, policy makers, corporate bodies and graduate students. The aim of the conference is to diffuse research findings and create a conductive environment for scholars to debate and exchange ideas that lead to development in social, political, cultural and economic spheres of the global community. Following the call for papers by the International Scientific Commission, papers we received more than 700 proposals from 45 different countries from all continents. As a commitment to the vision and mission of academic excellence and integrity, each paper was anonymously reviewed by two members of the editorial sub-committee of the Commission. This book of proceedings contains a selection of the papers presented at the conference. We wish to express our sincere thanks to the Governing Council, Management and Senate of the Ignatius Ajuru University of Education for providing the venue and facilities for the conference and for being committed to towards ensuring the success of the conference by setting up a high powered Adhoc Local Orgainising Committee led by Professor M.O.N. Obagah. We thank the staff and students of the institution for their cooperation and support for the project. We express our profound gratitude to all and sundry especially our Special Guests, delegates, reviewers, the media, the Nigerian foreign missions and all the cooperating partners for their contributions in promoting this noble academic event. Please read on!!! Jacinta A. Opara,PhD Convenor, International Congress on Social and Cultural Studies(ICSCS2012) Visiting Associate Professor, Universidad Azteca,Chalco-Mexico Organising Partners 2012 International Congress on Social and Cultural Studies(ICSCS2012) is organized by International Society for Scientific Research (ISSR) and International Association for Teaching and Learning(IATEL) with the Support and Cooperation of: International Association for the Scientific Knowledge, Portugal;Mediterranean Center for Social and Educational Research, Italy; Federal College of Education(Technical), Omoku- Nigeria;European Scientific Institute, Macedonia;Universidad Azteca, Mexico;Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Port Harcourt-Nigeria;Universidad Central de Nicaragua, Nicaragua; Raphael Nosike Foundation and Beverly Resources. International Scientific Commission ICSCS2012 Conference Chair Professor Oby C. N. Okonkwor Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka-Nigeria Conference Chairs Dr Jacinta A. Opara African Association for Teaching and Learning Professor Richardo R. Saavedra Hidalgo Universidad Azteca,Chalco-Mexico Professor M.O.N. Obagah Ignatius Ajuru University of Education,Port Harcourt, Nigeria Sir(Dr)Nkasiobi S. Oguzor,JP,MNIM,CT,KSC,PHF Federal College of Education (Technical), Omoku, Nigeria Dr Jovan Shopovski European Scientific Institute, Macedonia Professor Kinikanwo A. Anele University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria General Coordinator Dr Austin N. Nosike The Granada Management Institute, Spain Coordinator Dr Asoluka C. Njoku Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Education,Owerri-Nigeria Professor Peter U. Akanwa Imo State University, Nigeria Scientific Committee Members Hector F. Rucinque University of Cordoba, Columbia Toader Nicoara Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Radoslav Raspopovic, University of Monte Negro, Monte Negro Ugochukwu P.N. Amadi Federal College of Education(Technical),Umunze-Nigeria Ljubomir D. Frckoski, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Macedonia Sibylle Heilbrunn Ruppin Academic Center, Emek-Efer, Israel Sule Kut Istanbul Bilgi University, Turkey Justina Adalikwu-Obisike Canadian University College,Alberta-Canada Arda Arikan Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey Andrea Carteny Sapienza University of Rome, Italy Maryam Chkhartishvili Tbilisi State University, Georgia Jozsef Pal University of Szeged, Hungary Godfrey Baldacchino University of Malta, Malta Dimitri A. Sotiropoulos University of Athens, Greece Werner J. Patzelt, Univerisity of Dresden, Germany Vincent Hoffmann-Martinot University of Bordeaux, France Mohamed Ben Aissa University of Tunis, Tunisia Marco Cilento Sapienza University of Rome, Italy Werner J. Patzelt University of Dresden, Germany Emanuele Santi African Development Bank, Tunis, Tunisia Kamaruzaman Jusoff Universiti Putra Malaysia Nkasiobi S. Oguzor Federal College of Education (Technical), Omoku, Nigeria Jacinta A. Opara, African Association for Teaching and Learning Sokol Pacukaj Aleksander Moisiu University, Albania Muhammad Zeeshan International Digital Organization for Scientific Information, UAE Liverpool Onyije Federal College of Education(Technical),Omoku-Nigeria Natarajan Gajendran Indian Society for Education and Environment Prof Yau Yuen Yeung Hong Kong Institute of Education, Hong Kong A. R. Sayfoo Vocational Training Institute, Mauritius Mohammad Nisar University of Malakand,Pakistan A.C. Nwokocha Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike-Nigeria Mahwish Washeed International Islamic University, Pakistan Raphael C. Njoku University of Louisville, USA S.S. Lloyd West Coast University, Panama Sodienye Austin Abere Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Nigeria Timothy A. Falade New York Institute of Technology, Jordan Pedro Cravo International Association for the Scientific Knowledge, Portugal Fernando Alberto Ferreira Polytechnic Institute of Santarem, Portugal John A. Idumange Niger Delta University, Nigeria Orifjan Namozov Prague Development Centre(PRADEC), Czech Republic Ivan Genov Science and Education Foundation, Bulgaria Bassey Ubong Federal College of Education (Technical), Omoku-Nigeria Hassan Danial Aslam Human Resource Management Research Society(HRMARS), Pakistan Abraham I. Oba Niger Delta Development Commission, Nigeria Lisa Licata Sapienza University of Rome-Italy Alberto Becherelli Sapienza University of Rome-Italy Alessandro Vagnini Sapienza University of Rome-Italy Giuseppe Motta Sapienza University of Rome-Italy Alessandro Pistecchia Sapienza University of Rome-Italy Jovan Sopovski Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Macedonia Antonello Battaglia Sapienza University of Rome-Italy Programme of Event(Draft) Tuesday 4th September 08:00 – 09:30 Registration 09:30 – 11:45 Welcome Ceremony 11:45 – 14:30 Special Sessions 14:30 – 14:45 Lunch Break 14:45 – 16:45 Special Sessions 16:45 – 17:15 Coffee Break 17:15 – 18:00 Plenary Sessions 20:30---10:30 Welcome Cocktail Wednesday 5th September 08:30 – 10:00 Special Sessions 10:00 – 10:30 Coffee Break 10:30 – 13:30 Plenary Sessions 13:30 – 14:45 Lunch Break 14:45 – 16:45 Plenary Sessions 16:45 – 17:15 Coffee Break 17:15 – 18:45 Plenary Sessions Thursday 6th September 08:30 – 10:00 Special Sessions 10:00 – 10:30 Coffee Break 10:30 – 13:30 Plenary Sessions 13:30 – 14:45 Lunch Break 14:45 – 16:45 Plenary Sessions 16:45 – 17:15 Coffee Break 17:15 – 18:45 Plenary Sessions Friday 7th September 08:30 – 10:00 Special Sessions 10:00 – 10:30 Coffee Break 10:30 – 13:30 Plenary Sessions 13:30 – 14:45 Lunch Break 14:45 – 16:45 Plenary Sessions 16:45 – 17:00 Coffee Break 17:00 – 18:00 Special Sessions/Communiqué 18:00 – 19:00 Closing Sessions Saturday 8th September Departure CONTENTS Rethinking On Drug Abuse and Crime Relationship:An Alternative Explanation For Intellectuals Criminologists ……………………………………………………………...….1 Usman Ahmad Karofi A Study on Women Empowerment in South-Asian Countries: A Contemporary Analysis ………………………………………………………………………………..……20 Shobana Nelasco Is “Partnership” A Fulfilled Principle by the Local Authorities in Their Fight Against Social Exclusion: A Case Study From Brussels ………………………………………..…33 Ihsan Ikizer Vocational and Technical Education: Seeing Through the Eye -View of Globalization ………………………………………………………………………………………………..43 Daso, Peter Ojimba Gender Differentials and Determinants of Child Health in India …………………...53 Koyel Sarkar Traditions Under Siege: Dissecting Socio-Political and Economic Pressures in Ola Rotimi’s ………………………………………………………………………………..……64 Kurunmi and Ovonramwen Nogbaisi Samuel Okoronkwo Chukwu-Okoronkwo Chuppi Todo (Break the Silence) – Campaign against child sexual abuse through educational film on safe and unsafe touch …………..……………………………………71 Sanjay K Singh Comprehensive Child Survuval Programme: A Study on Impact of Asha on Familial Prcatices of Newborn Care in India ……………………………………………………….80 Nida Siddiqui Branding In Serbian Rural Tourism ………………..…………………………………..…90 Milena Vukić, Milena Popović, Marija Kuzmanović The Americans led developed countries have been behaving communism …………….98 Xu Han-You Democratic Change in the Gulf Monarchies in the 21st Century ……………………....105 M. Azam The Paradox of Economic Globalization: The Case of The Niger Delta Region …….114 Justina Adalikwu-Obisike and Ebere E. Obisike Women Rights: With Special Reference to Hidden Domestic Violence ………………121 Vijaya Lakshmi Sharma and Noor Mohammad