This page intentionally left blank TheRefugeeinInternationalSociety Withtheunrelentingunrestinplacessuch asIraq,Afghanistan and theSudan,theplightofrefugeeshasbecomeanincreasinglydiscussed topicininternationalrelations.Whydowehaverefugees?Whendid therefugee‘problem’emerge?Howcantherefugeeeverbereconciled with an international system that rests on sovereignty? Looking at threekeyperiods–theinter-warperiod,theColdWarandthepresent day–EmmaHaddaddemonstrateshowaspecificimagehasdefined the refugeesincethe international statessystem aroseinits modern formandthatrefugeeshavethusbeenqualitativelythesameoverthe course of history. This historical and normative approach suggests new ways to understand refugees and to formulate responses to them.Byexaminingtheissuefromaninternationalsocietyperspec- tive,thisbookhighlightshowrefugeesareaninevitable,ifunantici- pated,resultoferectingpoliticalborders. EMMAHADDADisaResearchAssociateoftheRefugeeStudiesCentre, Queen Elizabeth House, University of Oxford. She has worked as a PolicyAdvisorontheexternalrelationsofimmigrationandasylumin DGJustice,FreedomandSecurityattheEuropeanCommission.She obtainedherPh.D.fromtheEuropeanInstituteattheLondonSchoolof Economics and Political Science, for which she was awarded the British International Studies Association prize for the best thesis in International Studies. She has published on the conceptualisation of the refugee figure in the modern international states system, the EnglishSchoolandEUexternalpolicyonmigrationandasylum. CAMBRIDGESTUDIESININTERNATIONALRELATIONS:106 The Refugee in International Society EditorialBoard SteveSmith(Managingeditor) ThomasBiersteker PhilCerny MichaelCox A.J.R.Groom RichardHiggott KimberleyHutchings CarolineKennedy-Pipe SteveLamy MichaelMastanduno LouisPauly NgaireWoods Cambridge Studies in International Relations is a joint initiative of Cambridge University Press and the British International Studies Association(BISA).Theserieswillincludeawiderangeofmaterial, fromundergraduatetextbooksandsurveystoresearch-basedmono- graphsandcollaborativevolumes.Theaimoftheseriesistopublish thebestnewscholarshipinInternationalStudiesfromEurope,North Americaandtherestoftheworld. 105 KenBooth Theoryofworldsecurity 104 BenjaminMiller States,nationsandthegreatpowers Thesourcesofregionalwarandpeace 103 BeateJahn(ed.) Classicaltheoryininternationalrelations 102 AndrewLinklaterandHidemiSuganami TheEnglishSchoolofinternationalrelations Acontemporaryreassessment Serieslistcontinuesafterindex The Refugee in International Society Between Sovereigns Emma Haddad CAMBRIDGEUNIVERSITYPRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB28RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521868884 © Emma Haddad 2008 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published in print format 2008 ISBN-13 978-0-511-38303-8 eBook (Dawsonera) ISBN-13 978-0-521-86888-4 hardback ISBN-13 978-0-521-68895-6 paperback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. For Mum and Dad Romeo: Ha,banishment?Bemerciful,say‘death’. Forexilehathmoreterrorinhislook, Muchmorethandeath.Donotsay‘banishment’. RomeoandJuliet,WilliamShakespeare Contents Preface pageix 1 Therefugee‘problem’ 1 PARTI Therefugee:aconceptualanalysis 21 2 Whois(not)arefugee? 23 3 Therefugeeandtheinternationalstatessystem 47 4 Sovereignrights,humanrightsandsecurity 70 PARTII Therefugee:anhistoricalanalysis 97 5 Theinter-warperspective 99 6 Refugeesandinternationalprotectioninthe ColdWarera 128 PARTIII Therefugee:acontemporaryanalysis 163 7 Theexter naldimensionofEUrefugeepolicy 165 8 Thewayahead 192 SelectBibliography 216 Index 233 vii