THE REEF-CORAL FAUNA OF ZAMBOANGA, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS BASED ON THE COLLECTIONS OF THE ALLAN HANCOCK FOUNDATION A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Department of Zoology The U niversity of Southern C alifornia In P artial Fulfillm ent of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science hy J. Laurens Barnard June 1950 UMI Number: EP67178 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI EP67178 Published by ProQuest LLC (2014). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 This thesis, written by ..........J»__L aurens__B ^............................. under the guidance of hX&—. Faculty Committee, and approved by all its members, has been presented to and accepted by the Council on Graduate Study and Research in partial fulfill­ ment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OP SCIENCE H. J. .Deuei* Dean Date Max..31JL..1950.......... Faculty Committee Chairman TABLE OP CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION..................................................................................... 1 DESCRIPTION OF ZAMBOANGA AND THE SANTA CRUZ ISLANDS ..................................................................................... 3 HISTORY AND DESCRIPTION OP THE STONY CORAL FAUNA OP THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.................................................. 5 DISCUSSION OP THE MATERIAL PRESENTED IN THIS PAPER. ............................................... 9 DESCRIPTION OP TERMS........................................................ 16 SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS............................ 19 SUMMARY.................................................................................... . . 138 LITERATURE CITED........................................................................... 139 INTRODUCTION Although the stony coral fauna of the tro p ical West­ ern Pacific has been extensively studied by Dana (1846), Quelch (1886), Bedot (1907), Gardiner (1898-1914), Matthai (1928), and Vaughan (1907-1918), the Philippine Islands have been seriously neglected. Only three authors, Quelch (1886), Vaughan (1918), and Faustino (1927), have reported' upon any sizable reef-co ral collections from these islands. In many cases, the data of these m aterials were in su fficie n tly known, being lis te d as from the "Philippines” or "Southern P hilip­ pines"; thus, precise lo c a lity data were not published for many of the species reported from the Philippine Islands. During the summer of 1949, the author was privileged to inspect and study some twenty tons of reef-co ral m aterial sent to Mr. John Q. Burch of Los Angeles, from Zamboanga, Philippine Islands. These specimens were collected on the reefs at the Santa Cruz Islands, approximately fiv e miles off the coast of Zamboanga, in the S tra it of Basilan. The most extensive previously recorded collections from Zamboan­ ga were made by the "Challenger" Expedition in 1874-1876. The present m aterial serves to verify and supplement Quelch’s report of th is fauna and forms a faunal nucleus around which future reports may build a more d etailed and concise picture. The w riter wishes to express at th is time, h is appre- 2 elatio n to Mr. John Q. Burch, of Los Angeles, fo r the oppor­ tu n ity to study the coral m aterial and fo r the donation of specimens to the Allan Hancock Foundation at The U niversity of Southern C alifornia. Acknowledgement is made to Mr. Jose S. Domantay, of Zamboanga, fo r the donation of additional specimens, and fo r his help in describing and locating s ta tis tic a l inform ation concerning the area in which the corals were obtained. Dr. John West W ells, chairman of the Department of Geology, Cornell U niversity, has kindly aided the author in identifying Stylocoeniella armata (Ehrenberg). DESCRIPTION OP ZAMBOANGA AND THE SANTA CRUZ ISLANDS The city of Zamboanga (Lat. 6° 54* N, Long. 122° 04* E) lie s on the southern tip of the peninsula,of Zamboanga, which projects southwestward from Mindanao, the second la r ­ gest island in the Philippines. This island has a to ta l area of 36,906 square m iles. The islands themselves extend north from Latitude 4° 40* N to 21° 10* N, and west from Longitude 116° 40* to 126° 34* E, ly ing , in a region 1,152- miles long and 682 miles wide. This archipelago consists of 7,083 islands with a to ta l area of 114,400 square m iles. The in te r-islan d waters are shallow, ranging from 75-500 fathoms in depth, thus re stric tin g a typical deep sea fauna from the actual archipelago. Approximately 75 miles southwest of Zamboanga lie s the large island of Basilan, which is separated from the former by the S tra it of B asilan. Among several other island groups in this s tr a it are the Santa Cruz Islands, lying approximately 5 miles southwest of Zamboanga. The two i s ­ lands, G reater Santa Cruz and L ittle Santa Cruz, lie with th e ir long axes p arallelin g the peninsular coast, the larger island being southernmost. Greater Santa Cruz Island is 1.3 miles long and 1.2 miles wide, although the average width is less than 0.7 of a m ile. L ittle "Santa Cruz Island is slig h t­ ly over a mile in length and 720 feet wide. 4 Fringing coral reefs which surround the islands are most strongly developed at the southern ends* According to Mr. Domantay, the reefs of the two islands are essen tial­ ly of the same faunal development and closely resemble the reefs fringing the coast of Zamboanga* Ulus, fo r a ll p racti cal- purposes, we may consider the reefs of the Santa Cruz islands and of Zamboanga to be congruent, and consequently unite together in our faunal lis ts the two closely related areas under the name t!Zamboanga* ” HISTORY AND DESCRIPTION OF THE STONY CORAL FAUNA OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS The f ir s t reef-corals with precis© lo c a lity data from the Philippine Islands were discussed by Queleh (1886), a l­ though Dana (1846), Milne-Edwards and Haime (1848-1860), and Semper (1872) had previously lis te d corals from such lo c a li­ tie s as the !,Sulu Sea11 or the ^P hilippines.11 Q,uelch id e n ti­ fied 19 species from Mactan Island, Cebu, three of which were new. He found 42 species of stony corals at Zamboanga, 13 of which were new, and only four of which had been previous­ ly recorded from the Philippines. Bernard (1895-1896), de E lera (1896)1, Alcock (1902)2, DBderlein (1902), V errill (1902), and Vaughan (1918) each added previously described or new species to the Philippines Inlands fauna, Vaughan contributing the larg est number, 26 species* Leopoldo A. Faustino (1927) reviewed and redescribed a ll of the stony corals found up to th at time in the P hilip­ pine Islands, using the collections of the United States National Museum as a nucleus with which to work. On page 31 of his paper, he lis ts in a table those species found by Quelch at Zamboanga. Other tables on following pages l i s t 1 Cat'aiogo systematico de toda la fauna de F ilip i- nas, vol. 3, Univ. of Santo Tomas, Manila. 2 Report on the deep-sea Madreporaria of the Siboga-Expeditioh. Siboga-Exped., Mon. 16a. 6 additions and corrections made by other authors. These corrections and additions to the tr iv ia l names of the Quelch table are lis te d below along with corrections made by the w rite r: Add: Fungia actiniform is Quoy and Gaimard, by DSderlein (1902) Fungia samboangensis Vaughan (1906) Euphyllia glabrescens (Chamisso and Eysenhardt), by Vaughan (1918) Change: Symphyllia sinuosa (Quoy and Gaimard), by Quelch ”k° Symphyllia recta (Dana) Hydnophora ten ella Quelch to Hydnophora. exesa (Pallas) Psaimnocora ramosa Quelch to Psammocora contigua (Esper) Dendrophyllia eq u iserialis Milne-Edwards and Haime, by Quelch to Dendrophyllia mi c ran thus (Ehrenberg) Montipora lima (Lamarck), by Quelch to Montipora fo lio sa (P a lla s) Porites palmata Dana, by Quelch to Porites mucronata Dana Madrepora secura Dana, by Quelch to Acropora hispida (Brook) Rhodaraea ca lic u laris (Lamarck), by Quelch to Gonio- pora bernardi Faustino In addition to the above changes, several of the spe­ cies must be changed to th e ir proper genera* These changes follow : Rhodopsammia p a ra lle ls Semper to Balanophyllia Rhodaraea tenuidens Quelch to Gonippora Tichopora te n e lla Quelch to Gonippora