THE RACIAL STATE | oe WW a = ee 2 - op 70) Too) fo) ayI n CaaTT oe rant ca ae Soe O— oa Silnero aoingt Ooee ieSsa fga s LILLIAN MICHELSON RESEARCH LIBRARY 20) Oreamworks SKG mol s000 Flower St. Glendale, CA 91201 (818) 695.6445 Sax: (818) 695 6450 Between 1933 and 1945 the Nazi regime in Germany tried to restructure a ‘class’ society along racial lines. This book deals with the ideas and institutions which underpinned this mission, and shows how Nazi policy affected various groups of people, both victims and beneficiaries. The book begins with a discussion of the origins of Nazi racial ideology, and then demonstrates the thoroughness and purposiveness with which this was trans- lated into official policy. The book deals not only with the systematic persecution of the Jews, the largest group of victims of Nazism, but also with the fate of Sinti and Roma, the mentally handicapped, the ‘asocial’, and homosexuals. Finally, the book examines the racially-motivated social policies of the regime which affected every German ‘national comrade’. Their primary objective was to realise a racially- organised state and society. It argues that the ‘polycratic’ and chaotic character of the regime, described so frequently by recent historians, neither hindered nor slowed down the ruthless way in which the regime pursued and destroyed its victims. The Third Reich was fundamentally different from other totalitarian regimes precisely because of the all-encompassing nature of its racial policies. ——<= ae sane arsgtett al er ei see eran Alt tll Aan pa ae Sieh cess fro P kre cep | 4 i AM os es) ewiultled Lape s ny ae eee “. aaelibes) Sit awe wis: Ts aes Ahearn ‘ wae + ‘beet 922 anid wily Vitel Ae Vit S Wi 0 Ay priairt ee ae Clete UT AY ee en i? & a 1 on : itecaae. Yh penal opt apethe Tey mater aie 7 seit cole? ’ f te wh sep shun BS mare: . " Al ; te ve We te oe gh 1 te Gaab art oe olwe ed <a a 7 lew cts + give i >> Tels wt oe oe TA S35 Pel) iit erly inom & i rE A WN nal. fe ie pra a oi tm hs } wrt ange wr és <a A d “saretti* Ty lleg iy vate LT i : a wee ait “ag Tueine % 5 ad an 4 i ew ~ as Peper Pk igre My, ri te : awe Al eaten, 4% dave os 1! ar nvv , - : s Mi @ hi Srchens poate reir? VE Ay Gea es ; ‘eo ny 4 gee x THE RACIAL STATE: GERMANY 1SS3s—194'5 MICHAEL BURLEIGH London School of Economics and Political Science and WOLFGANG WIPPERMANN Freie Universitat, Berlin = CAMBRIDGE \@) UNIVERSITY PRESS Published by the Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1RP 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211, USA 10 Stamford Road, Oakleigh, Melbourne 3166, Australia © Cambridge University 1991 First published 1991 Reprinted 1993, 1994 (twice), 1996 Printed and bound by Woolnough Bookbinding Ltd, Irthlingborough, Northants. British Library cataloguing in publication data Burleigh, Michael The racial state: Germany 1933-1945 1. Germany. Social list, 1933-1945 I. Title I]. Wipperman, Wolfgang 943.086 Library of Congress cataloguing in publication data Burleigh, Michael, 1955- The racial state: Germany 1933-1945 / Michael Burleigh, Wolfgang Wippermann. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0 521 39114 8. — ISBN 0 521 39802 9 (pbk.) 1. Germany — History — 1933-1945. 2. Minorities —- Germany — History — 20th century. 3. Germany — Race relations. 4. Germany — Social policy. I. Wippermann, Wolfgang, 1945-_ . Title. DD256.5.B93 1991 323.1'43'09043-dc20 90-20209 CIP ISBN 0 521 39114 8 hardback WD The racial state: Germany 1933-1945 ; . ca = RS aa Lael op POL -BEOT vanes Sisto igigey ae r*».t : _ : ‘ S: e Bs : ba : - / ¥ .. ; cdylaa dteaets td - a~8 tetae; hine k. 2 en obea e© e ws. a betes ee) i ae CONTENTS List of wlustrations page ix Foreword Xill Acknowledgements XV Introduction: why another book on the Third Reich? PRI US EES ENG 1 How modern, German, and totalitarian was the Third Reich? Some major historiographical controversies 2 Barbarous utopias: racial ideologies in Germany 3 Barbarism institutionalised: racism as state policy 44 PART II THE ‘PURIFICATION’ OF THE BODY OF THE NATION 75 4 The persecution of the Jews 77 5 The persecution of Sinti and Roma, and other ethnic minorities ids 6 The persecution of the ‘hereditarily ill’, the ‘asocial’, and homosexuals 136 PART III THE FORMATION OF THE ‘NATIONAL COMMUNITY’ 199 7 Youth in the Third Reich 201 8 Women in the Third Reich 242 9 Men in the Third Reich 267 Vill Contents Conclusion: National Socialist racial and social policy 304 308 Notes 358 Bibliographical essay 380 Index