the politics of cultural retreat This page intentionally left blank The Politics of Cultural Retreat Imperial Bureaucracy in Austrian Galicia, 1772–1867 I R Y N A V U S H K O New HAVeN ANd lONdON Published with assistance from the Kingsley Trust Association Publication Fund estab- lished by the Scroll and Key Society of Yale College. Copyright © 2015 by Yale University. All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publishers. Yale University Press books may be purchased in quantity for educational, business, or promotional use. For information, please e-m ail [email protected] (U.S. office) or [email protected] (U.K. office). Set in electra type by IdS Infotech ltd. Chandigarh, India. Printed in the United States of America. library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data Vushko, Iryna. The politics of cultural retreat : imperial bureaucracy in Austrian Galicia, 1772-1867 / Iryna Vushko. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-300-20727-9 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Galicia (Poland and Ukraine)— Politics and government—19th century. 2. Galicia (Poland and Ukraine)— Politics and government—18th century. 3. Bureaucracy—Galicia (Poland and Ukraine)—History. 4. Austria—Politics and government—1740-1848. 5. Austria—Politics and government—1848–1918. I. Title. dK4600.G347V87 2015 947.7’907—dc23 2014041591 Catalogue records for this book are available from the library of Congress and the British library. This paper meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48–1992 (Permanence of Paper). 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To those who lost fear This page intentionally left blank contents Acknowledgments ix list of Abbreviations xii Introduction 1 one Bureaucratic enlightenment and Galicia 18 two Civilizers at work, 1772–1794 46 three The Napoleonic Test, 1792–1815 83 four Between Vienna, St. Petersburg, and warsaw, 1826–1832 105 five Austrian Bureaucracy and Polish Aristocracy 127 six literature, Politics, and Galician Ruthenians 157 vii contents seven Administering the Jews 182 eight Bureaucracy and Revolutions, 1846–1848 206 Conclusion: 1848, 1867, and Beyond 231 Notes 253 Index 301 viii acknowledgments This book would have been impossible without the long- standing support of Timothy Snyder. He influenced my thinking about history more than anyone else, believed in my project, and read numerous drafts with great dili- gences: for all of this I am very grateful. Ostap Sereda introduced me to history some twenty years ago and has remained a friend ever since. I became a histo- rian because of him. Paul Bushkovitch provided invaluable feedback on my dissertation and helped keep things in perspective at Yale. larry wolff shared my interests in Galicia, agreed to serve as an outside reader, and read my text with great care. Serhii Plokhii read and commented on the manuscript and helped with logistical advice while I was preparing it for publication. Ute Frevert brought in her expertise in German history. Yaroslav Hrytsak taught me history in l’viv and Budapest, helping me to make the transition from Ukrainian to American academia over ten years ago. Ingo Trauschweitzer, in Florence and later Ohio, read and commented on the entire manuscript. Börris Kuzmany in Vienna, at the time working on his dissertation on Galicia, kept company and shared some of his sources with me. I spent many days in the archives with Ke-C hin Hsia and even more evenings in the Viennese opera. Giving in to his addiction, I learnt to appreciate opera through his eyes and his ears. Isabelle Chauche arranged my research trip to Paris in the summer of 2007. louic Blanc opened his doors for me there, making that trip special. In 2010, back in Vienna, Anne dwyer helped keep my spirits up and maintain my confidence in academia. Joachim Tepperberg ix