54 ENTOMOLOGICALNEWS 1 THE POLANA {POLANANA) SANA SPECIES GROUP (HEMIPTERA: CICADELLIDAE: GYPONINAE), WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF SIX NEW SPECIES1 FROM SOUTH AMERICA Paul H. Freytag2 ABSTRACT: ThePolana (Polanana) sana species group consists ofeight species. Included are: P. (P.) sana DeLong (=P. (P.) santana DeLong and Foster, new synonym), P. (P.) tropica DeLong and Triplehorn, and six new species, P. (P.) ordinaria, P. (P.) brevis, P. (P.) declivata, P. (P.) diplota, P. (P.) minima, andP. (P.) ancistra. Polana (P.) sana is nowknown from Bolivia, Brazil, Colombiaand Peru,P. (P.) tropica andP. (P.) brevis are known from Colombia and Peru, andthe other five species are only known from Colombia. KEYWORDS: Leafhoppers, Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Gyponinae, Polana, SouthAmerica The genus Polana DeLong is a group of leafhoppers belonging to the sub- family Gyponinae (Scarinae) that contains some 130 species (DeLong and Freytag, 1972, DeLong, 1979, DeLong and Triplehorn, 1979 and DeLong and mm Foster, 1982). Most species are from 5 to 10 in length, are robust and oval in body shape, and have few color markings. The crown is short, broad, and rounded to the face, with the ocelli near the anterior margin, and with transverse striae between the compound eyes. All species are found in the New World. The sana species group belongs in the subgenus Polanana DeLong and Frey- tag (1972) that contains nineteen species from South America. This subgenus is characterized by having the male genitalia without paraphysis or even the aedea- gus without basal processes, and the pygofer without processes. All species in the sana species group look much alike, being either dark brown or black, and nearly the same length from 7 to 8.5 mm. They can only be sepa- rated at this time by the differences in the male genitalia. Most species have the median area of the style bulging and sticking out of the genital capsule, which can often be used to spot specimens ofthis group. Acronyms used in this paper are the following: IHVL = Instituto von Humboldt, Villa de Leyva, Colombia; and UKYL = University of Kentucky Collection, Lexington, Kentucky, USA. 1 Received on December 12, 2005. Accepted on April 16, 2007. : Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546-0091 U.S.A., E-mail: [email protected]. Mailed on June 18,2007 Volume 118, Number 2, March andApril 2007 155 Polana (Polanana) sana DeLong (Figures 1-4) Polana (Polanana) sana DeLong 1979, p. 299. Polana (Polanana) santana DeLong and Foster 1982, p. 118. New synonym. Length ofmales 8-8.5 mm, females unknown. This species was described by DeLong (1979) and again by DeLong and Foster (1982). Both types are the same and represent the same species. The male genitalia are illustrated again (Figs. 1-4) for comparative purposes. In the original descriptions the aedeagus was illustrated without hair-like processes. These could have been broken off, but they are also very difficult to see. This species is now known to occur in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia and Peru. Polana (Polanana) minima Freytag, new species (Figures 5-6) Description: Length of males 1.2-1A mm, females unknown. Similar to sana, but smaller and with different male genitalia. Male genitalia: Pygofer and genital plates similar to sana. Style (Fig. 5) similar to sana, except notch on api- cal margin represented by short spine. Aedeagus (Fig.6) similar to sana, except shorter, thicker in ventral view, with shorter apical hair-like processes. Type Data: Holotype male: Colombia: Purumayo, PNN La Paya, Cabana M Viviano Cocha, 0°7' S 74°56' W, 320 m., Malaise, II-1-10-2003, R. Cobete, 3156 (IHVL). Paratype male: Same data as holotype (IHVL). Additional Specimens: Ten males, same locality as holotype, various dates from 2001 to 2003 (IHVL and UKYL). Differential Diagonosis: This species is very similar to sana, but is smaller and has a short spine at the base of the apical margin of the male style, and a shorter, stouter aedeagus. Polana (Polanana) declivata Freytag, new species (Figures 7-8) Description: Length ofmales 7.8-8.2 mm, females unknown. Similarto sana, but slightly smaller, with different male genitalia. Male genitalia: Pygofer and genital plates similar to sana. Style (Fig. 7) with large medially pointed spine near apex. Aedeagus (Fig. 8) similar to minima, with slight narrowing ofshaft on apical half, very short hair-like processes at apex. Type Data: Holotype male: Colombia: Meta, PNN Macarena, Borde Rio N M Guejar, 3°20' 73°56' W, 460 m., Malaise, XII-24-28-2001, D. Campos, 2609 (IHVL). Paratype males: One, Meta, PNN Tingua, Vda. Bajo Raudal, 2°16' N 156 ENTOMOLOGICALNEWS M 73°48' W, 460 m., Malaise, H-2-16-2002, 2329 (IHVL); two, same data, M except I-19-II-2-2002, 2331, (IHVL and UKYL); one, Meta, PNN Tingua, N M Cano Nevera, 2°11' 73°48' W, 390 m, Malaise, II-7-16-2002, C. Sanchez, 2334 (IHVL) and one, Meta, PNN Sierra de La Macarena, Cano Curia Parcela, N M 3°21' 73°5' W, 460 m., Malaise, II-9-III-24-2003, W.Villelba, 3531 (IHVL). Additional male specimen: Colombia, Cundinamarca, PNN Sumapaz, N M Jardin Botanico, 3°48' 73°56' W, 730 m., Malaise, 1-4-24-2002, H. Vargas, 3109 (IHVL). Differential Diagnosis: This species is close to sana, but differs by the very different male style which appears to be closer to tropica. Polana (Polanana) tropica DeLong and Triplehorn (Figures 9-10) Polana (Polanana) tropica DeLong and Triplehorn, 1979, p. 180. Length of males 7.5-8 mm, females unknown. This species was described from Peru. It has a very characteristic male style (Fig. 9), with a long, bent spine near middle ofapical margin. The aedeagus (Fig. 10) appears to lack the apical hair-like processes. Specimens Seen: Besides the type, nine males from Colombia: Amazonas and Vaupes, collected in December and January, from 60 to 380 m, Malaise (IHVL and UKYL). Polana (Polanana) diplota Freytag, new species (Figures 11-12) Description: Length ofmales 7.5-8 mm, females unknown. Similar to tropi- ca, but with a different type ofspine on male style. Male genitalia: Pygofer and genital plates similar to sana. Style (Fig. 11) with spine near middle of apical margin which parallels apex, shorter than apex. Aedeagus (Fig. 12) similar to tropica. Type Data: Holotype male: Colombia: Putumayo, PNN La Paya, Resquardo Cecillo Cocha, 0°11' S 74°55' W, 190 m, Malaise, 1-20-24-2003, C. Sarmiento, M 3419 (IHVL). Paratype males: Four, same data as holotype (IHVL and UKYL). Additional Specimens: Six males, same data as holotype, except various dates from 2001 to 2003, and various altitudes up to 320 m, (IHVL and UKYL); and one male, Amazonas, PNN Amacayacu, Matamata, 3°23' S 70°6' W, 150 m., M Malaise, XI-19-XII-3-2001, D. Chota, 2768 (IHVL). Differential Diagnosis: This species is close to tropica, but has a different style with the spine pointing towards the apex, whereas in tropica it bends towards the median margin. Volume 118, Number2, March andApril 2007 157 SANA mm 0.5 MINIMA 10 8 DECLIVATA TROPICA Figures 1-4. Polana (Polanana) sana DeLong. Fig. 1. Male genital capsule, lateral view. Fig. 2. Aedeagus, lateral view. Fig. 3. Aedeagus, caudal view. Fig. 4. Style, lateral view. Figures 5-6.P. (P.) minima Freytag, n. sp. Fig. 5. Style, lateralview. Fig. 6.Aedeagus, cau- dal view. Figures 7-8. P. (P.) declivata Freytag, n. sp. Fig. 7. Style, lateral view. Fig. 8. Aedeagus, caudalview. Figures 9-10. P. (P.) tropica DeLong andTriplehorn. Fig. 9. Style, lateral view. Fig. 10. Aedeagus, caudal view. All drawn to the same scale. 158 ENTOMOLOGICALNEWS 14 12 DIPLOTA ANCISTRA 0.5rnm 16 18 ORDINARIA Figures 11-12. Polana (Polana) diplota Freytag, n. sp. Fig. 11. Style, lateral view. Fig. 12. Aedeagus, caudal view. Figures 13-14. P. (P.) ancistra Freytag, n. sp. Fig. 13. Style, lateral view. Fig. 14. Aedeagus, caudal view. Figures 15-16. P. (P.) brevis Freytag, n. sp. Fig. 15. Style, lateral view. Fig. 16. Aedeagus, caudal view. Figures 17-18. P. (P.) ordi- naria Freytag, n. sp. Fig. 17. Style, lateral view. Fig. 18.Aedeagus, caudal view.All drawn to the same scale. Volume 118, Number 2, March andApril 2007 159 Polana (Polanana) ancistra Freytag, new species (Figures 13-14) Description: Length ofmales 7.5-8 mm, females unknown. Similar to tropi- ca, but with a different male style and aedeagus. Male genitalia: Pygofer and genital plates as insana. Style (Fig. 13) with long thin apex, spine in median api- cal margin hook-like. Aedeagus (Fig. 14) similar to tropica, but shorter, stouter. Type Data: Holotype male: Colombia: Amazonas, PNN Amacaracu, San M Martin, 3°23' S 70°6' W, 150 m., Malaise, II-23-III-3-2001, B. Amado, 2040 M (IHVL). Paratype males: One, same data as holotype, except V-16-23-2000, M 691 (IHVL); one, same data as holotype, exceptVII-17-30-2000, 701 (IHVL) M and two, same data as holotype, except X-l0-18-2000, 835 (IHVL and UKYL). Additional Specimens: Twenty males, same locality as holotype, various dates from 2000 to 2004 (IHVL and UKYL); one male, Vaupes, RN Mosiro Itajura (Caparu), Centro Ambiental, 1°4' S 69°31' W, 60 m., Malaise, 1-20-21- M 2003, M. Sharkey and D. Arias, 3386 (IHVL) and three males, same data as M last, except Igapo, IX-7-22-2003, L. Benarides, 3393 (IHVL and UKYL). Differential Diagnosis: This species is close to tropica, but the style has a longer bulge on the medial side, and a thinner apex, with a shorter hook-like spine. Polana (Polanana) brevis Freytag, new species (Figures 15-16) Description: Length ofmale 7.5 mm, female unknown. Similarto tropica, but with a differentmale style and longer aedeagus. Male genitalia: Pygofer and gen- ital plates similar to sana. Style (Fig. 15) with short, thick spine near apex. Aedeagus (Fig. 16) short, stout. Type Data: Holotype male: Colombia: Putumayo, PNN La Paya, La Nueva M Paya, 0°2f S 75°12' W, 210 m., Malaise, I-31-II-5-2003, C. Sarmiento, 3423 (IHVL). Additional Specimen: One male, Peru: Madre de Dios, near Puerto Mal- danado, Posadas Amazonas Lodge, at Rio Tambopata, 186 m., 12°48'115" S 69°18'019" W, IX-30-X-3-2004, C. R. Bartlett (UKYL). Differential Diagnosis: This species is close to tropica, but the spine on the male style is shorter and closer to the apex, which makes the apex look almost bifurcate. 160 ENTOMOLOGICALNEWS Polana (Polanana) ordinaria Freytag, new species (Figures 17-18) Description: Length ofmale 7.5 mm, female unknown. Similarto tropica, but with a very different male style. Male genitalia: Pygofer and genital plates simi- lar to sana. Style (Fig. 17) long, with small bulge near middle, than narrowing, curving dorsad to pointed apex. Aedeagus (Fig. 18) similarto declivata, butwith- out hair-like processes at apex. Type Data: Holotype male: Colombia: Amazonas, Cgto. La Pedrera, Comunidad Camaritagua, 1°20' S 69°35' W, 380 m., Malaise, XII-24-2003-I-13- M 2004, J. Lopez, 4168 (IHVL). Differential Diagnosis: This species is similar to tropica, but with a very dis- tinct male style, with only a small bulge and a very narrow and long apex. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thanks are extendedto Michael J. Sharkey, Department ofEntomology, UniversityofKentucky, who made it possible to study the specimens from Colombia through his National Science Foundation Grantno. DEB 0205982.Also thanks to Charles R. Bartlett, DepartmentofEntomology, University ofDelaware forthe specimens he collected andmade available. LITERATURE CITED DeLong, D. M. 1979. Studies of the Gyponinae with six new species of Polana (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Proceedings ofthe Entomological Society ofWashington 81(2):298-303. DeLong, D. M. and D. R. Foster. 1982. New Species of Bolivian Gyponinae (Homop- tera:Cicadellidae). Entomological News 93(4):114-118. DeLong, D. M. and P. H. Freytag. 1972. Studies of the World Gyponinae (Homop- tera:Cicadellidae) The genus Polana. Arquivos de Zoologica, San Paulo 22(5):239-324. DeLong,D. M. and B.W.Triplehorn. 1979. New speciesofGyponinae(Homoptera:Cicadellidae) from Peru. Brenesia 16:175-188.