THE PHILOSOPHY OF ANTIOCHUS Antiochus of Ascalon was one of the seminal philosophers of the firstcenturybce,aneraofradicalphilosophicalchange.Somecalled him a virtual Stoic, but in reality his programme was an updated revival of the philosophy of the ‘ancients’, meaning above all Plato and Aristotle. His significance lies partly in his enormous influence on Roman intellectuals of the age, including Cicero, Brutus and Varro,partlyinhisroleastheharbingerofanewstyleofphilosophy, whichthereafterremaineddominantfortheremainderofantiquity. Yet much remains controversial about his ideas. This volume, the first in English to be devoted entirely to Antiochus, brings together a team of leading scholars to discuss every major aspect of his life, workandsignificance.Inaddition,itcontainsthefirstfullguideto histestimoniainanymodernlanguage. david sedley isLaurenceProfessorofAncientPhilosophyatthe UniversityofCambridge,andaFellowofChrist’sCollege.Hisbooks include Lucretius and the Transformation of Greek Wisdom (1998), Plato’s Cratylus (2003) and Creationism and Its Critics in Antiquity (2007).HeisalsoeditorofTheCambridgeCompaniontoGreekand RomanPhilosophy(2003). THE PHILOSOPHY OF ANTIOCHUS edited by DAVID SEDLEY cambridge university press Cambridge,NewYork,Melbourne,Madrid,CapeTown, Singapore,Sa˜oPaulo,Delhi,Tokyo,MexicoCity CambridgeUniversityPress TheEdinburghBuilding,Cambridgecb28ru,UK PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyCambridgeUniversityPress,NewYork www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9780521198547 (cid:2)c CambridgeUniversityPress2012 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2012 PrintedintheUnitedKingdomattheUniversityPress,Cambridge AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloguinginPublicationdata ThephilosophyofAntiochus/editedbyDavidSedley. p. cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. isbn978-0-521-19854-7(hardback) 1.Antiochus,ofAscalon,d.68b.c. I.Sedley,D.N. b535.a774p45 2012 186(cid:3).2–dc23 2011043836 isbn978-0-521-19854-7Hardback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceor accuracyofURLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredto inthispublication,anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuch websitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate. Contents Listofcontributors pagevii Acknowledgements viii Introduction 1 DavidSedley 1 Antiochus’biography 9 MyrtoHatzimichali 2 AntiochusandtheAcademy 31 RobertoPolito 3 AntiochusandAsclepiades:medicalandphilosophical sectarianismattheendoftheHellenisticera 55 RebeccaFlemming 4 Antiochusashistorianofphilosophy 80 DavidSedley 5 Antiochus’epistemology 104 CharlesBrittain 6 Antiochusoncontemplationandthehappylife 131 GeorgiaTsouni 7 Antiochus,AristotleandtheStoicsondegrees ofhappiness 151 T.H.Irwin 8 Antiochusonsocialvirtue 173 MalcolmSchofield 9 Antiochusonphysics 188 BradInwood v vi Contents 10 Antiochus’metaphysics 220 G.R.Boys-Stones 11 Theneutralizingargument:Carneades,Antiochus,Cicero 237 MalcolmSchofield 12 VarroandAntiochus 250 DavidBlank 13 OtherfollowersofAntiochus 290 CarlosL´evy 14 AntiochusandPlatonism 307 MauroBonazzi Appendix:AguidetothetestimoniesforAntiochus 334 References 347 Indexlocorum 359 Generalindex 374 Contributors david blank:ProfessorofClassics,UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles mauro bonazzi: LecturerinAncientPhilosophy,UniversityofMilan g. r. boys-stones:ProfessorofAncientPhilosophy,DurhamUniversity charles brittain: Professor of Classics and Philosophy, Cornell Uni- versity rebecca flemming: Senior Lecturer in Classics, University of Cam- bridge myrtohatzimichali:LeventisLecturerintheImpactofGreekCulture, UniversityofExeter bradinwood:UniversityProfessor(ClassicsandPhilosophy),University ofToronto t. h. irwin: ProfessorofAncientPhilosophy,UniversityofOxford carlos le´vy: ProfessorofLatin,Universite´deParis-Sorbonne(ParisIV) roberto polito: ResearchAssociate,HumboldtUniversity,Berlin malcolm schofield: Emeritus Professor of Ancient Philosophy, Uni- versityofCambridge david sedley: Laurence Professor of Ancient Philosophy, University of Cambridge georgia tsouni: Professor,CollegeYearinAthens vii Acknowledgements In the four years October 2005–September 2009, the Faculty of Classics at Cambridge hosted a project entitled ‘Greco-Roman Philosophy in the FirstCenturybc’,generouslyfundedbytheArtsandHumanitiesResearch Council (AHRC). It was directed by David Sedley (principal investiga- tor)andMalcolmSchofield,andemployedtwopost-doctoralresearchers, Roberto Polito and Myrto Hatzimichali. In addition, funding was pro- vided by the AHRC for one Ph.D. studentship, which was taken up by GeorgiaTsouni.Finally,duringthesummerof2009theprojectteamwas fortunateenoughtobestrengthenedbythevoluntaryresearchassistanceof SamanthaHorn.Thesejointlyconstitutedtheprojectteamwhichplanned thepresentvolume. The warmest thanks are due above all to the AHRC itself, but also to all those who contributed to the success of the project. By the latter I mean not just the official project team, but the many members of, and visitors to, the Cambridge academic community who during those four years participated in the project’s weekly seminar, attended the two internationalworkshopswhichitorganized,orfocusedtheirownresearch on topics falling within its scope. There can be no doubt that in the scholarly community consciousness of its issues both was and remains raised. The present volume is one of four volumes to come directly out of the project. It is built around papers given to the project’s July 2007 internationalworkshoponAntiochusofAscalon.Inadditiontotheauthors of the individual chapters, those who contributed to the success of the workshopincludeJonathanBarnes,ThomasBe´natou¨ıl,GailFine,Michael Frede, Katerina Ierodiakonou, George Karamanolis, Inna Kupreeva, Bob Sharples and Stephen White, as well as many Cambridge participants. A further example of that collaboration is that, following the workshop’s discussion of Philodemus’ biographical testimony for Antiochus, David Blank undertook a new autopsy of the papyrus, and was able to send viii