The Phenomenology of Religious Life Studies in Continental Thought general editor JOHN SALLIS consulting editors Robert Bernasconi William L. McBride Rudolph Bernet J.N. Mohanty John D. Caputo Mary Rawlinson David Carr Tom Rockmore Edward S. Casey Calvin O. Schrag Hubert Dreyfus †Reiner Schu¨rmann Don Ihde Charles E. Scott David Farrell Krell Thomas Sheehan Lenore Langsdorf Robert Sokolowski Alphonso Lingis Bruce W. Wilshire David Wood Martin Heidegger The Phenomenology of Religious Life 1. INTRODUCTION TO THE PHENOMENOLOGY OF RELIGION 2. AUGUSTINE AND NEO-PLATONISM 3. THE PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF MEDIEVAL MYSTICISM Translated by Matthias Fritsch and Jennifer Anna Gosetti-Ferencei Indiana University Press Bloomington and Indianapolis Publication of this book is made possible in part with the assistance of a Challenge Grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities, a federal agency that supports research, education, and public programming in the humanities. This book is a publication of Indiana University Press 601 North Morton Street Bloomington, Indiana 47404-3797 USA www.iupress.indiana.edu Telephone orders 800-842-6796 Fax orders 812-855-7931 Orders by e-mail [email protected] Published in German as Martin Heidegger, Gesamtausgabe, volume 60: Phänomenologie des religiösen Lebens, edited by Matthias Jung, Thomas Regehly, and Claudius Strube First paperback edition 2010 by Indiana University Press © 1995 by Vittorio Klostermann, Frankfurt am Main © 2004 by Indiana University Press All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. 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ISBN 978-0-253-22189-6 (pbk.) 2 3 4 5 6 15 14 13 12 11 10 Contents Translators’Foreword....................................................... xiii INTRODUCTION TO THE PHENOMENOLOGY OF RELIGION Winter Semester 1920–21 PART ONE Methodological Introduction Philosophy, Factical Life Experience, and the Phenomenology of Religion Chapter One The Formation of Philosophical Concepts and Factical Life Experience § 1. The Peculiarityof PhilosophicalConcepts ............................... 3 § 2. On the Title of the Lecture Course ...................................... 4 § 3. Factical Life Experience as the Point of Departure....................... 7 § 4. Taking-Cognizance-of.................................................. 10 Chapter Two Current Tendencies of the Philosophy of Religion § 5. Troeltsch’s Philosophy of Religion...................................... 14 a) Psychology......................................................... 14 b) Epistemology....................................................... 15 c) Philosophy of History............................................... 16 d) Metaphysics........................................................ 17 § 6. Critical Observations................................................... 19 Chapter Three The Phenomenon of the Historical § 7. The Historicalas Core Phenomenon.................................... 22 a) “HistoricalThinking”............................................... 23 b) The Concept of the Historical....................................... 24 c) The Historical in Factical Life Experience........................... 25 § 8. The Struggle of Life against the Historical.............................. 26 a) The PlatonicWay................................................... 27 vi Contents b) Radical Self-Extradition............................................. 28 c) Compromise between the Two Positions............................. 30 § 9. Tendencies-to-Secure................................................... 31 a) The Relation of the Tendency-to-Secure ............................. 31 b) The Sense of the Historical Itself.................................... 33 c) Does the Securing Suffice?.......................................... 34 § 10. The Concern of Factical Dasein ........................................ 35 Chapter Four Formalization and Formal Indication § 11. The General Sense of “Historical”...................................... 38 § 12. Generalizationand Formalization....................................... 39 § 13. The “Formal Indication” ............................................... 42 PART TWO Phenomenological Explication of Concrete Religious Phenomena in Connection with the Letters of Paul Chapter One Phenomenological Interpretationof the Letters to the Galatians § 14. Introduction ........................................................... 47 § 15. Some Remarks on the Text............................................. 48 § 16. The Fundamental Posture of Paul....................................... 50 Chapter Two Task and Object of the Philosophy of Religion § 17. Phenomenological Understanding....................................... 52 § 18. Phenomenology of Religion and the History of Religion ................ 53 § 19. Basic Determinationsof Primordial Christian Religiosity................ 54 § 20. The Phenomenon of Proclamation...................................... 55 § 21. Foreconceptions of the Study........................................... 56 § 22. The Schema of PhenomenologicalExplication .......................... 58 Chapter Three Phenomenological Explication of the First Letter to the Thessalonians § 23. Methodological Difficulties............................................. 61 Contents vii § 24. The “Situation”........................................................ 63 § 25. The “Having-Become” of the Thessalonians ............................ 65 § 26. The Expectation of the Parousia........................................ 67 Chapter Four The Second Letter to the Thessalonians § 27. Anticipation of the Parousia in the Second Letter to the Thessalonians... 75 § 28. The Proclamationof the Antichrist..................................... 78 § 29. Dogma and the Complex of Enactment................................. 79 Chapter Five Characteristicsof Early Christian Life Experience § 30. Factical Life Experience and Proclamation.............................. 83 § 31. The RelationalSense of Primordial Christian Religiosity ................ 84 § 32. Christian Facticity as Enactment........................................ 86 § 33. The Complex of Enactment as “Knowledge”............................ 87 APPENDIX Notes and Sketches on the Lecture Letter to the Galatians [on § 16].............................................. 90 Religious Experience and Explication [on § 17]............................... 91 Methodological Considerationsregarding Paul (I) [on §§ 18 and 19]........... 91 Methodological Considerationsregarding Paul (II) [on §§ 20 and 21].......... 93 Methodological Considerationsregarding Paul (III) [on § 22].................. 95 The Hermeneutical Foreconceptions [on § 22]................................. 97 Phenomenology of Pauline Proclamation (I) (I Thess.) [on §§ 23–26].......... 97 Phenomenology of Pauline Proclamation (II) (I Thess.) [on §§ 23–26]......... 99 Phenomenology of Pauline Proclamation (III) (I Thess.) [on §§ 23–26] ....... 100 Phenomenology of Pauline Proclamation (IV) [on §§ 23–26] ................. 101 Phenomenology of Pauline Proclamation (V) [on §§ 23–26].................. 102 Enactmental-HistoricalUnderstanding [on § 24].............................. 104 Eschatology I (I Thess.) [on § 26]........................................... 105 Eschatology II (I Thess.) [on § 26].......................................... 107 Eschatology III (II Thess.) [on §§ 27 and 28]................................ 109 Eschatology IV (II Thess.) [on §§ 28 and 29]................................ 110 AUGUSTINE AND NEO-PLATONISM Summer Semester 1921 INTRODUCTORY PART Interpretationsof Augustine § 1. Ernst Troeltsch’s Interpretation of Augustine........................... 115 § 2. Adolf von Harnack’s Interpretation of Augustine....................... 117 § 3. Wilhelm Dilthey’s Interpretation of Augustine.......................... 118 § 4. The Problem of Historical Objectivity ................................. 119 § 5. A Discussion of the Three Interpretationsof Augustine according to Their Sense of Access ................................................ 120 § 6. A Discussion of the Interpretationsof Augustine according to Their Motivational Basis for the Starting Point and the Enactment of Access.. 121 a) The Motivational Centers of the Three Interpretations.............. 121 b) Demarcation from Object-HistoricalStudies....................... 122 c) Demarcation from Historical-TypologicalStudies .................. 124 MAIN PART Phenomenological Interpretation of Confessions; Book X § 7. Preparations for the Interpretation ..................................... 127 a) Augustine’s Retractionsof the Confessions ........................ 127 b) The Grouping of the Chapters..................................... 128 § 8. The Introduction to Book X. Chapters 1–7............................. 129 a) The Motif of confiteri before God and the People.................. 129 b) Knowledge of Oneself............................................ 129 c) The Objecthood of God........................................... 130 d) The Essence of the Soul.......................................... 131 § 9. The memoria. Chapters 8–19.......................................... 132 a) Astonishmentat memoria......................................... 132 b) Sensuous Objects................................................. 133 c) Nonsensuous Objects............................................. 134 d) The discere and Theoretical Acts.................................. 135 e) The Affects and Their Manner of Givenness....................... 136 f) Ipse mihi occurro................................................. 137 g) The Aporia regarding oblivio ..................................... 137 h) What Does It Mean to Search?.................................... 139