This eBook is downloaded from www.PlentyofeBooks.net PlentyofeBooks.net is a blog with an aim of helping people, especially students, who cannot afford to buy some costly books from the market. For more Free eBooks and educational material visit www.PlentyofeBooks.net Uploaded By $am$exy98 theBooks 1 2 E=mc A ∑ THE PERSONALITY PUZZLE SIXTH EDITION David C. Funder 153459_00_a-b,i-xxxii,1_r2_sa.indd b 02/08/12 8:55 PM 153459_00_a-b,i-xxxii,1_r2_sa.indd ii 02/08/12 8:55 PM T H E PERSONALITY PUZZLE SI XT H E D I T I O N DAVID C. FUNDER University of California, Riverside B W. W. NORTON & COMPANY New York • London 153459_00_a-b,i-xxxii,1_r2_sa.indd iii 02/08/12 8:55 PM T H E PERSONALITY PUZZLE SIXTH EDITION 153459_00_a-b,i-xxxii,1_r2_sa.indd i 02/08/12 8:55 PM W. W. Norton & Company has been independent since its founding in 1923, when William Warder Norton and Mary D. Herter Norton fi rst published lectures delivered at the People’s Institute, the adult educa- tion division of New York City’s Cooper Union. The fi rm soon expanded its program beyond the Institute, publishing books by celebrated academics from America and abroad. By midcentury, the two major pillars of Norton’s publishing program—trade books and college texts—were fi rmly established. In the 1950s, the Norton family transferred control of the company to its employees, and today—with a staff of four hundred and a comparable number of trade, college, and professional titles published each year—W. W. Norton & Company stands as the largest and oldest publishing house owned wholly by its employees. Copyright © 2013, 2010, 2007, 2004, 2001, 1997 by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Editor: Aaron Javsicas Project editor: Carla L. Talmadge Production managers: Benjamin Reynolds, Ashley Horna Marketing manager, psychology: Andrea Matter Editorial assistant: Catherine Rice Managing editor, College: Marian Johnson Book designer: Judith Abbate Design director: Rubina Yeh Photo editor: Stephanie Romeo Permissions manager: Megan Jackson Electronic media editor: Callinda Taylor Electronic media assistant: Carson Russell Composition: Jouve North America Manufacturing: Courier—Westford Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Funder, David Charles. The personality puzzle / David C. Funder. — 6th ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-393-91311-8 (hardcover) 1. Personality. I. Title. BF698.F84 2013 155.2—dc23 2012029677 W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10110 www.wwnorton.com W. W. Norton & Company Ltd., Castle House, 75/76 Wells Street, London W1T 3QT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 153459_00_a-b,i-xxxii,1_r2_sa.indd iv 02/08/12 8:55 PM For my father 153459_00_a-b,i-xxxii,1_r2_sa.indd v 02/08/12 8:55 PM ABOUT THE AUTHOR DAVID C. FUNDER is Distinguished Professor of Psychology and former chair of the psychology department at the University of California, Riverside. He is the winner of the 2009 Jack Block Award for Distinguished Research in Personality, former president of the Association for Research in Personality, and (as of 2012) president-elect of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology. Funder is a former editor of the Journal of Research in Personality and a former associate editor of the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. He is best known for his research on personality judgment and has also published research on delay of gratifi cation, attribution theory, the longitudinal course of personality develop- ment, and the psychological assessment of situations. He has taught personality psychology to undergraduates at Harvey Mudd College, Harvard University, and the University of Illinois, Urbana–Champaign, and continues to teach the course every year at the University of California, Riverside. 153459_00_a-b,i-xxxii,1_r2_sa.indd vi 02/08/12 8:55 PM Anybody in science, if there are enough anybodies, can fi nd the answer— it’s an Easter-egg hunt. That isn’t the idea. The idea is: Can you ask the question in such a way as to facilitate the answer? —GERALD EDELMAN Even if, ultimately, everything turns out to be connected to everything else, a research program rooted in that realization might well collapse of its own weight. —HOWARD GARDNER The fi rst step is to measure whatever can easily be measured. That’s OK as far as it goes. The second step is to pretend that whatever cannot be easily measured isn’t very important. That’s dangerous. The third step is to pretend that whatever cannot easily be measured doesn’t exist. That’s suicide. —DANIEL YANKELOVICH There once was an entomologist who found a bug he couldn’t classify— so he stepped on it. —ERNEST R. HILGARD Interpretation is the revenge of the intellect upon art. —SUSAN SONTAG 153459_00_a-b,i-xxxii,1_r2_sa.indd vii 02/08/12 8:55 PM