OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,22/10/2019,SPi     E N G L I S H G R A M M A R OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,22/10/2019,SPi OXFORD HANDBOOKS IN LINGUISTICS Recentlypublished THE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF UNIVERSAL GRAMMAR EditedbyIanRoberts THE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF LANGUAGE AND SOCIETY EditedbyOfeliaGarcía,NelsonFlores,andMassimilianoSpotti THE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF ERGATIVITY EditedbyJessicaCoon,DianeMassam,andLisadeMenaTravis THE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF WORLD ENGLISHES EditedbyMarkkuFilppula,JuhaniKlemola,andDevyaniSharma THE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF POLYSYNTHESIS EditedbyMichaelFortescue,MarianneMithun,andNicholasEvans THE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF EVIDENTIALITY EditedbyAlexandraY.Aikhenvald THEOXFORDHANDBOOKOFLANGUAGEPOLICYANDPLANNING EditedbyJamesW.TollefsonandMiguelPérez-Milans THE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF PERSIAN LINGUISTICS EditedbyAnoushaSedighiandPounehShabani-Jadidi THE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF ENDANGERED LANGUAGES EditedbyKennethL.RehgandLyleCampbell THE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF ELLIPSIS EditedbyJeroenvanCraenenbroeckandTanjaTemmerman THE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF LYING EditedbyJörgMeibauer THE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF TABOO WORDS AND LANGUAGE EditedbyKeithAllan THE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF MORPHOLOGICAL THEORY EditedbyJennyAudringandFrancescaMasini THE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF REFERENCE EditedbyJeanetteGundelandBarbaraAbbott THE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF EXPERIMENTAL SEMANTICS AND PRAGMATICS EditedbyChrisCumminsandNapoleonKatsos THE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF EVENT STRUCTURE EditedbyRobertTruswell THE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF LANGUAGE ATTRITION EditedbyMonikaS.SchmidandBarbaraKöpke THE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR EditedbyBasAarts,JillBowie,andGerganaPopova ForacompletelistofOxfordHandbooksinLinguisticspleaseseepp.–. OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,22/10/2019,SPi     ......................................................................................................................................... ENGLISH GRAMMAR ......................................................................................................................................... Edited by BAS AARTS, JILL BOWIE, and GERGANA POPOVA 1 OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,22/10/2019,SPi 3 GreatClarendonStreet,Oxford,, UnitedKingdom OxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford. ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship, andeducationbypublishingworldwide.Oxfordisaregisteredtrademarkof OxfordUniversityPressintheUKandincertainothercountries ©editorialmatterandorganizationBasAarts,JillBowie,andGerganaPopova ©thechapterstheirseveralauthors Themoralrightsoftheauthorshavebeenasserted FirstEditionpublishedin Impression: Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedin aretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,withoutthe priorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress,orasexpresslypermitted bylaw,bylicenceorundertermsagreedwiththeappropriatereprographics rightsorganization.Enquiriesconcerningreproductionoutsidethescopeofthe aboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment,OxfordUniversityPress,atthe addressabove Youmustnotcirculatethisworkinanyotherform andyoumustimposethissameconditiononanyacquirer PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyOxfordUniversityPress MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NY,UnitedStatesofAmerica BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData Dataavailable LibraryofCongressControlNumber: ISBN –––– Printedandboundby CPIGroup(UK)Ltd,Croydon, LinkstothirdpartywebsitesareprovidedbyOxfordingoodfaithand forinformationonly.Oxforddisclaimsanyresponsibilityforthematerials containedinanythirdpartywebsitereferencedinthiswork. OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,22/10/2019,SPi  A ................................................................... Therearemanypeoplewhohavehelpedshapethepresentvolume,towhomweowea debtofgratitude.Firstandforemost,wewouldliketothankourcontributorsfortheir inspiring work and their patience with the revision process. We are also enormously indebted to them for reviewing contributions to the handbook other than their own. Without their expertise and dedication a volume like this could not have come into being.Wewouldalsoliketothankthecolleagueswhorefereedindividualchaptersfor us. Their scholarship, careful engagement with the rationale of the volume, as well as their constructive and detailed feedback were invaluable and given selflessly. We are alsoextremelygratefultocolleaguesatOxfordUniversityPressandtotheproduction teamfortheirprofessionalhelpandpatienceduringthegestationofthevolume. BasAarts JillBowie GerganaPopova OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,22/10/2019,SPi OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,22/10/2019,SPi  C ............................... fi List of gures and tables xi List of contributors xv Introduction xxiii PART I GRAMMAR WRITING AND METHODOLOGY  . Conceptualizations of grammar in the history of English grammaticology  MT . Syntactic argumentation  BA . Grammar and the use of data  JSCT.S̈ . Grammar and corpus methodology  SW PART II APPROACHES TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR . Cognitive linguistic approaches  JR.T . Constructional approaches  MH . Dependency and valency approaches  TH . Generative approaches  TLLH OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,22/10/2019,SPi viii  . Functional approaches  J.LM . Modern and traditional descriptive approaches  RHGK.P . Theoretical approaches to morphology  AS PART III SUBDOMAINS OF GRAMMAR . Inflection and derivation  AS . Compounds  LB . Word classes  WB.H . Phrase structure  RD.B . Noun phrases  EK . Clause structure, complements, and adjuncts  PD . Clause types and speech act functions  EK̈ . Tense and aspect  IDAT . Mood and modality  DZ . Subordination and coordination  TE . Information structure  GK̈ OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,22/10/2019,SPi  ix PART IV GRAMMAR AND OTHER FIELDS OF ENQUIRY . Grammar and lexis  DS̈ . Grammar and phonology  SHIC . Grammar and meaning  AA . Grammar and discourse  JBGP PART V GRAMMATICAL VARIATION AND CHANGE . Change in grammar  MH . Regional varieties of English: Non-standard grammatical features  PS . Global variation in the Anglophone world  BK . Genre variation  HDAW . Literary variation  LJ References  Name index  Subject index 