The Oxford 3000™ d The keywords of the Oxford 3000have derived from them, or are used in a variety of 0 been carefully selected by a group of language patterns. All of this means that each one of the 0 0 experts and experienced teachers as the words keywords repays close study. 3 d which should receive priority in vocabulary r The list covers British and American English. o study because of their importance and xf usefulness. The selection is based on It is arranged to emphasize the connections O between words, so that words which are very e three criteria. h closely related (including adverbs ending in -ly T The words which occur most frequentlyin and opposites starting withun-)are grouped English are included, based on the information together. Some basic phrases are also included. in the British National Corpus and the Oxford Proper names (names of people, places, etc. Corpus Collection. (Acorpus is an electronically beginning with a capital letter)and numbers held collection of written or spoken texts, often are not included in the main list. consisting of hundreds of millions of words.) Aseparate list of words which are important for However, being frequent in the corpus alone language study, but less important in everyday is not enough for a word to qualify as a keyword: life, follows the main list. Knowing these words it may be that the word is used very frequently, will help you to understand more of the informa- but only in a narrowly defined area, such as tion given in the entries, especially regarding the newspapers or scientific articles. In order to avoid including these restricted words, we word’s grammar and register (whether it is for- include as keywords only those words which are mal, informal, etc.). frequent across a rangeof different types of text. In order to make the definitions in this In other words, keywords are both frequent and dictionary easy to understand, we have written used in a variety of contexts. In addition, the list them using the keywords of the Oxford3000. includes some very important words which All words used in normal definition text are happen not to be used frequently, even though keywords, or are on the list of language study they are very familiarto most users of English. terms. Numbers and proper names are also used These include, for example, words for parts of in definitions. When it has been necessary to use the body, words used in travel, and words which aspecialist term which is not in the Oxford are useful for explaining what you mean when 3000,the word is shown in small capitals, you do not know the exact word for something. and in blue on the CD-ROM. If you do not know These words were identified by consulting a the meaning of this word, look it up in the panel of over seventy experts in the fields of dictionary: it will help you to understand the teaching and language study. definition that you are interested in, and will probably be a useful word to learn The words of the Oxford 3000are shown in the because it will be related to the original word main section of the dictionary in larger print, you looked up. and with a key symbol d immediately following. On the CD-ROM the keywords are shown in red. The most useful parts of the entries (particular parts of speech, meanings, phrasal verbs and idioms) are marked with a small key symbol. The entries for keywords often have extra information in the form of more examples of use, special notes explaining synonyms or related words, or helpful illustrations. This means that the keywords make an excellent starting point for expanding your vocabulary. With most keywords, there is far more to learn about them than the first meaning in the entry: often these words have many meanings, have a large family of words a,an indefinitearticle advertisement an ia, an arrest v.,n. abandonv. (alsoad, advert) n. analyse (BrE) arrival n. d abandonedadj. advice n. (NAmEanalyze) v. arrive v. ability n. advise v. analysis n. arrow n. able adj. affair n. ancient adj. art n. unable adj. affect v. and conj. article n. 0 about adv.,prep. affection n. anger n. artificial adj. 0 0 above prep.,adv. afford v. angle n. artificially adv. 3 abroad adv. afraid adj. angry adj. artist n. d r absence n. after prep.,conj.,adv. angrily adv. artistic adj. fo absentadj. afternoon n. animal n. asprep.,adv.,conj. Ox absolute adj. afterwards ankle n. ashamed adj. e absolutely adv. (especiallyBrE)(NAmE anniversary n. aside adv. h absorb v. usually afterward) adv. announce v. aside from T abuse n.,v. again adv. annoy v. iapart from academic adj. against prep. annoying adj. ask v. accentn. age n. annoyed adj. asleep adj. accept v. aged adj. annual adj. fall asleep acceptable adj. agency n. annually adv. aspect n. unacceptable adj. agent n. another det.,pron. assist v. access n. aggressive adj. answer n.,v. assistance n. accident n. agoadv. anti- prefix assistant n.,adj. by accident agree v. anticipate v. associate v. accidental adj. agreement n. anxiety n. associated with accidentally adv. ahead adv. anxious adj. association n. accommodation n. aid n.,v. anxiously adv. assume v. accompanyv. aim n.,v. any det.,pron.,adv. assure v. according to prep. air n. anyone at prep. account n.,v. aircraft n. (alsoanybody) pron. atmospheren. accurate adj. airport n. anything pron. atom n. accurately adv. alarmn.,v. anyway adv. attach v. accuse v. alarming adj. anywhereadv. attached adj. achieve v. alarmed adj. apart adv. attack n.,v. achievement n. alcohol n. apart from (also aside attempt n.,v. acid n. alcoholic adj.,n. from especiallyinNAmE) attempted adj. acknowledge v. alive adj. prep. attend v. acquire v. all det.,pron.,adv. apartment n. attention n. acrossadv.,prep. allow v. (especiallyNAmE) payattention act n.,v. all right adj.,adv., apologize attitude n. action n. exclamation (BrE also -ise) v. attorney n. take action allyn., v. apparent adj. (especiallyNAmE) active adj. allied adj. apparently adv. attract v. actively adv. almost adv. appeal n.,v. attraction n. activity n. alone adj.,adv. appear v. attractive adj. actor, actress n. along prep.,adv. appearance n. audience n. actual adj. alongside prep.,adv. apple n. August n.(abbr.Aug.) actually adv. aloud adv. application n. aunt n. ad iadvertisement alphabet n. applyv. author n. adapt v. alphabetical adj. appoint v. authority n. add v. alphabeticallyadv. appointment n. automatic adj. addition n. already adv. appreciate v. automatically adv. in addition (to) also adv. approach v.,n. autumn n.(especiallyBrE) additional adj. alter v. appropriate adj. available adj. address n.,v. alternative n.,adj. approval n. average adj.,n. adequate adj. alternatively adv. approve (of) v. avoid v. adequately adv. although conj. approving adj. awake adj. adjust v. altogether adv. approximate adj. award n.,v. admiration n. always adv. approximately adv. aware adj. admire v. a.m. (NAmE also A.M.) April n.(abbr. Apr.) away adv. admit v. abbr. area n. awful adj. adopt v. amaze v. argue v. awfully adv. adult n.,adj. amazing adj. argument n. awkwardadj. advance n.,v. amazed adj. arise v. awkwardly adv. advanced adj. ambition n. arm n.,v. in advance ambulance n. arms n. baby n. advantagen. among (alsoamongst) armed adj. back n.,adj.,adv.,v. take advantage of prep. army n. background n. adventuren. amount n., v. around adv.,prep. backwards (also backward advertise v. amuse v. arrangev. especiallyinNAmE)adv. advertising n. amusing adj. arrangement n. backward adj. amused adj. bacteria n. beyond prep.,adv. bright adj. careless adj. bad adj. bicycle (alsobike) n. brightly adv. carelessly adv. gobad bid v.,n. brilliant adj. carpet n. d badly adv. big adj. bring v. carrot n. bad-tempered adj. bill n. broad adj. carry v. bag n. bin n.(BrE) broadly adv. case n. baggage n. biology n. broadcast v.,n. incase (of) 0 0 (especiallyNAmE) bird n. broken ibreak cash n. 0 bake v. birth n. brother n. cast v.,n. 3 d balance n.,v. givebirth(to) brown adj.,n. castle n. r ball n. birthday n. brush n.,v. cat n. fo ban v.,n. biscuit n.(BrE) bubble n. catch v. Ox band n. bit n.(especiallyBrE) budget n. category n. e bandage n.,v. abit build v. cause n.,v. h T bank n. bite v.,n. building n. CD n. bar n. bitter adj. bullet n. cease v. bargain n. bitterly adv. bunch n. ceiling n. barrier n. black adj.,n. burn v. celebrate v. base n.,v. blade n. burnt adj. celebration n. based on blame v.,n. burst v. cell n. basic adj. blank adj., n. bury v. cellphone basically adv. blankly adv. bus n. (alsocellular phone) n. basis n. blind adj. bush n. (especiallyNAmE) bath n. block n.,v. business n. cent n.(abbr. c,ct) bathroom n. blonde adj., n., businessman, centimetre (BrE) battery n. blond adj. businesswoman n. (NAmEcentimeter) n. battle n. blood n. busy adj. (abbr. cm) bay n. blow v.,n. but conj. central adj. be v.,auxiliaryv. blue adj.,n. butter n. centre(BrE) beach n. board n., v. button n. (NAmEcenter) n. beak n. on board buy v. century n. bear v. boat n. buyer n. ceremony n. beardn. body n. by prep.,adv. certain adj.,pron. beatn.,v. boil v. byeexclamation certainlyadv. beautiful adj. bomb n.,v. uncertain adj. beautifully adv. bone n. cabbr.icent certificate n. beauty n. book n.,v. cabinet n. chain n.,v. because conj. boot n. cable n. chair n. because ofprep. border n. cake n. chairman, become v. bore v. calculate v. chairwoman n. bed n. boring adj. calculation n. challengen.,v. bedroom n. bored adj. call v.,n. chamber n. beefn. born: be born v. be called chance n. beer n. borrow v. calm adj.,v.,n. changev.,n. before prep.,conj.,adv. boss n. calmly adv. channel n. begin v. both det.,pron. camera n. chapter n. beginning n. bother v. camp n.,v. character n. behalfn.: bottle n. camping n. characteristic on behalfofsb, bottomn.,adj. campaign n. adj.,n. on sb’sbehalf bound adj.:boundto can modalv.,n. chargen.,v. (BrE)(NAmEin behalfof bowl n. cannot in chargeof sb, in sb’s behalf) box n. could modalv. charity n. behavev. boyn. cancel v. chartn.,v. behaviour (BrE) boyfriend n. cancer n. chase v.,n. (NAmEbehavior) n. brain n. candidate n. chatv.,n. behind prep.,adv. branch n. candy n.(NAmE) cheap adj. beliefn. brand n. cap n. cheaply adv. believe v. brave adj. capable (of) adj. cheat v.,n. bell n. bread n. capacity n. check v.,n. belong v. break v.,n. capital n.,adj. cheek n. below prep.,adv. broken adj. captain n. cheerful adj. belt n. breakfast n. capturev.,n. cheerfullyadv. bend v.,n. breast n. car n. cheese n. bent adj. breath n. card n. chemical adj.,n. beneath prep.,adv. breathe v. cardboardn. chemist n. benefit n.,v. breathing n. care n.,v. chemist’s n.(BrE) beside prep. breed v.,n. take care (of) chemistry n. bet v.,n. brick n. care for cheque (BrE) betting n. bridge n. career n. (NAmE check) n. better,best igood,well briefadj. careful adj. chest n. between prep.,adv. brieflyadv. carefullyadv. chewv. chicken n. comedy n. constant adj. craft n. chiefadj.,n. comfort n.,v. constantly adv. crash n.,v. d child n. comfortable adj. construct v. crazy adj. chin n. comfortably adv. construction n. cream n.,adj. chip n. uncomfortable adj. consult v. create v. chocolate n. command v.,n. consumer n. creature n. 0 choice n. comment n.,v. contact n.,v. credit n. 0 0 choose v. commercial adj. contain v. credit card n. 3 chop v. commission n.,v. container n. crime n. d r church n. commit v. contemporary adj. criminal adj.,n. fo cigarette n. commitment n. content n. crisis n. Ox cinema n. committee n. contest n. crisp adj. e (especiallyBrE) common adj. context n. criterion n. h circle n. in common continent n. critical adj. T circumstance n. commonly adv. continue v. criticism n. citizen n. communicate v. continuous adj. criticize city n. communication n. continuously adv. (BrE also -ise) v. civil adj. community n. contract n.,v. crop n. claim v.,n. company n. contrast n.,v. cross n.,v. clap v., n. compare v. contrasting adj. crowd n. class n. comparison n. contribute v. crowded adj. classic adj.,n. compete v. contribution n. crown n. classroom n. competition n. control n.,v. crucial adj. clean adj.,v. competitive adj. in control (of) cruel adj. clear adj.,v. complain v. under control crush v. clearly adv. complaint n. controlled adj. cry v.,n. clerk n. complete adj.,v. uncontrolled adj. ct abbr.icent clever adj. completelyadv. convenient adj. cultural adj. click v.,n. complex adj. convention n. culture n. client n. complicate v. conventional adj. cup n. climate n. complicated adj. conversation n. cupboardn. climb v. computer n. convert v. curb v. climbing n. concentrate v. convince v. cure v.,n. clock n. concentration n. cook v.,n. curious adj. close /kl@Us, concept n. cooking n. curiously adv. NAmEkloUs/adj. concernv.,n. cooker n.(BrE) curlv.,n. closelyadv. concerned adj. cookie n. curlyadj. close /kl@Uz, concerning prep. (especiallyNAmE) current adj.,n. NAmEkl@Uz/v. concert n. cool adj.,v. currently adv. closed adj. conclude v. cope(with) v. curtain n. closet n. conclusion n. copy n.,v. curve n.,v. (especiallyNAmE) concrete adj.,n. core n. curved adj. cloth n. condition n. corner n. custom n. clothes n. conduct v.,n. correct adj.,v. customer n. clothing n. conference n. correctly adv. customs n. cloud n. confidence n. cost n.,v. cut v.,n. club n. confident adj. cottage n. cycle n.,v. cmabbr.icentimetre confidently adv. cotton n. cycling n. coach n. confine v. cough v.,n. coal n. confined adj. coughing n. dad n. coast n. confirmv. could ican dailyadj. coatn. conflict n.,v. council n. damagen.,v. code n. confront v. count v. damp adj. coffee n. confuse v. counter n. dance n.,v. coin n. confusing adj. countryn. dancing n. cold adj.,n. confused adj. countryside n. dancer n. coldlyadv. confusion n. county n. danger n. collapse v.,n. congratulations n. couple n. dangerous adj. colleague n. congress n. acouple dare v. collect v. connect v. courage n. dark adj.,n. collection n. connection n. course n. data n. college n. conscious adj. ofcourse date n.,v. colour (BrE) unconscious adj. courtn. daughter n. (NAmEcolor) n.,v. consequence n. cousin n. dayn. coloured (BrE) conservative adj. cover v.,n. dead adj. (NAmEcolored)adj. consider v. covered adj. deafadj. column n. considerable adj. covering n. deal v.,n. combination n. considerably adv. cow n. dealwith combine v. consideration n. crack n.,v. dear adj. come v. consist ofv. cracked adj. death n. debate n.,v. diagram n. dog n. effect n. debt n. diamond n. dollar n. effective adj. decade n. diary n. domestic adj. effectively adv. d decay n.,v. dictionary n. dominate v. efficient adj. Decembern. die v. door n. efficiently adv. (abbr.Dec.) dying adj. dot n. effort n. decide v. diet n. doubleadj.,det.,adv., e.g. abbr. 0 0 decision n. difference n. n.,v. egg n. 0 declare v. different adj. doubt n.,v. either det.,pron.,adv. 3 d decline n.,v. differently adv. down adv.,prep. elbow n. r decorate v. difficult adj. downstairs adv.,adj.,n. elderly adj. fo decoration n. difficulty n. downwards elect v. Ox decorative adj. dig v. (also downward election n. e decrease v.,n. dinner n. especiallyinNAmE)adv. electric adj. h T deep adj.,adv. direct adj.,v. downwardadj. electrical adj. deeply adv. directly adv. dozen n.,det. electricity n. defeat v.,n. direction n. Dr (BrE) electronic adj. defence (BrE) director n. (alsoDr. NAmE, BrE)abbr. elegant adj. (NAmEdefense)n. dirt n. idoctor element n. defend v. dirty adj. draft n.,adj.,v. elevator n.(NAmE) define v. disabled adj. drag v. else adv. definite adj. disadvantage n. drama n. elsewhere adv. definitely adv. disagree v. dramatic adj. email (alsoe-mail) n.,v. definition n. disagreement n. dramatically adv. embarrass v. degree n. disappear v. draw v. embarrassing adj. delay n.,v. disappoint v. drawing n. embarrassed adj. deliberate adj. disappointing adj. drawer n. embarrassment n. deliberately adv. disappointed adj. dream n.,v. emerge v. delicate adj. disappointment n. dress n.,v. emergency n. delight n.,v. disapproval n. dressed adj. emotion n. delighted adj. disapprove(of) v. drink n.,v. emotional adj. deliver v. disapproving adj. drive v.,n. emotionally adv. delivery n. disaster n. driving n. emphasis n. demand n.,v. disc driver n. emphasize demonstrate v. (alsodisk, especially drop v.,n. (BrE also -ise) v. dentist n. inNAmE)n. drug n. empire n. deny v. discipline n. drugstore n.(NAmE) employ v. department n. discount n. drum n. unemployed adj. departure n. discover v. drunk adj. employee n. depend(on) v. discovery n. dry adj.,v. employer n. deposit n.,v. discuss v. due adj. employment n. depress v. discussion n. due to unemployment n. depressing adj. disease n. dull adj. empty adj.,v. depressed adj. disgust v.,n. dump v.,n. enable v. depth n. disgusting adj. during prep. encounter v.,n. derive v. disgusted adj. dust n.,v. encourage v. describe v. dish n. duty n. encouragement n. description n. dishonest adj. DVD n. end n.,v. desert n.,v. dishonestly adv. in the end deserted adj. disk n. each det.,pron. ending n. deservev. dislikev.,n. each other enemyn. design n.,v. dismiss v. (alsoone another) pron. energy n. desiren.,v. displayv.,n. ear n. engagev. desk n. dissolvev. earlyadj.,adv. engaged adj. desperate adj. distance n. earnv. engine n. desperately adv. distinguish v. earth n. engineer n. despite prep. distribute v. ease n.,v. engineering n. destroy v. distribution n. east n.,adj.,adv. enjoy v. destruction n. district n. eastern adj. enjoyable adj. detail n. disturb v. easy adj. enjoyment n. in detail disturbing adj. easily adv. enormous adj. detailed adj. divide v. eatv. enough det.,pron.,adv. determination n. division n. economic adj. enquiry(alsoinquiry determine v. divorce n.,v. economy n. especially in NAmE)n. determined adj. divorced adj. edgen. ensurev. develop v. do v.,auxiliaryv. edition n. enter v. development n. undo v. editor n. entertain v. device n. doctor n. educate v. entertaining adj. devote v. (abbr. Dr, NAmEDr.) educated adj. entertainer n. devoted adj. document n. education n. entertainment n. enthusiasm n. expectation n. favourite (BrE) follow v. enthusiastic adj. expense n. (NAmEfavorite) adj.,n. following adj.,n.,prep. d entire adj. expensive adj. fear n.,v. food n. entirely adv. experience n.,v. feather n. foot n. entitle v. experienced adj. feature n.,v. football n. entrance n. experiment n.,v. February n. for prep. 0 entry n. expert n.,adj. (abbr.Feb.) force n.,v. 0 0 envelope n. explain v. federal adj. forecast n.,v. 3 environment n. explanation n. fee n. foreign adj. d r environmental adj. explode v. feed v. forest n. fo equal adj.,n.,v. explore v. feel v. forever Ox equally adv. explosion n. feeling n. (BrE also for ever) adv. e equipment n. export v.,n. fellow n.,adj. forget v. h equivalent adj.,n. expose v. female adj.,n. forgive v. T error n. express v.,adj. fence n. fork n. escape v.,n. expression n. festival n. form n.,v. especially adv. extend v. fetch v. formal adj. essay n. extension n. fever n. formally adv. essential adj.,n. extensive adj. few det.,adj.,pron. former adj. essentially adv. extent n. afew formerly adv. establish v. extra adj.,n.,adv. field n. formula n. estate n. extraordinary fight v.,n. fortune n. estimate n.,v. adj. fighting n. forward etc. (full form et cetera) extreme adj.,n. figure n.,v. (also forwards) adv. euron. extremely adv. file n. forwardadj. even adv.,adj. eye n. fill v. found v. evening n. film n.,v. foundation n. event n. face n.,v. final adj.,n. frame n.,v. eventually adv. facility n. finally adv. free adj.,v.,adv. ever adv. fact n. finance n.,v. freely adv. every det. factor n. financial adj. freedom n. everyone (alsoeverybody) factory n. find v. freeze v. pron. fail v. find out sth frozen adj. everything pron. failure n. fine adj. frequent adj. everywhere adv. faint adj. finely adv. frequently adv. evidence n. faintlyadv. finger n. fresh adj. evil adj.,n. fair adj. finish v.,n. freshlyadv. ex- prefix fairly adv. finished adj. Friday n.(abbr.Fri.) exact adj. unfair adj. fire n.,v. fridge n.(BrE) exactly adv. unfairly adv. set fire to friend n. exaggerate v. faith n. firm n.,adj.,adv. make friends (with) exaggerated adj. faithful adj. firmly adv. friendly adj. exam n. faithfullyadv. first det., unfriendlyadj. examination n. Yours faithfully(BrE) ordinalnumber,adv.,n. friendship n. examine v. fall v.,n. at first frighten v. example n. fall over fish n.,v. frightening adj. excellent adj. false adj. fishing n. frightened adj. except prep.,conj. fame n. fit v.,adj. from prep. exception n. familiar adj. fix v. front n.,adj. exchange v.,n. family n.,adj. fixed adj. in front (of) in exchange(for) famous adj. flag n. frozen ifreeze excite v. fan n. flame n. fruit n. exciting adj. fancy v.,adj. flash v.,n. fry v.,n. excited adj. far adv.,adj. flat adj.,n. fuel n. excitement n. further adj. flavour (BrE) full adj. exclude v. farm n. (NAmEflavor) n.,v. fully adv. excluding prep. farming n. flesh n. fun n.,adj. excuse n.,v. farmer n. flight n. make fun of executive n.,adj. farther, farthest ifar float v. function n.,v. exercise n.,v. fashion n. flood n.,v. fund n.,v. exhibit v.,n. fashionable adj. floor n. fundamental adj. exhibition n. fast adj.,adv. flour n. funeral n. exist v. fasten v. flow n.,v. funnyadj. existence n. fatadj.,n. flower n. fur n. exit n. father n. flu n. furniture n. expand v. faucet n.(NAmE) flyv.,n. further,furthest ifar expect v. fault n. flying adj.,n. future n.,adj. expected adj. favour (BrE) focus v.,n. unexpected adj. (NAmEfavor) n. fold v.,n. unexpectedly adv. in favour/favor (of) folding adj. gabbr.igram grammar n. heart n. hunt v. gain v.,n. grand adj. heat n.,v. hunting n. gallon n. grandchild n. heating n. hurry v.,n. d gamble v.,n. granddaughter n. heaven n. inahurry gambling n. grandfather n. heavy adj. hurt v. game n. grandmother n. heavily adv. husband n. gap n. grandparent n. heel n. 0 garage n. grandson n. height n. Ipron. 00 garbage n. grant v.,n. hell n. ice n. 3 d (especiallyNAmE) grass n. hello exclamation,n. ice cream n. r garden n. grateful adj. help v.,n. idea n. fo gas n. grave n.,adj. helpful adj. ideal adj.,n. Ox gasoline n.(NAmE) gray (NAmE)igrey hence adv. ideally adv. e gate n. great adj. her pron.,det. identify v. h T gather v. greatly adv. hers pron. identity n. gear n. green adj.,n. here adv. i.e. abbr. general adj. grey (BrE)(NAmEusually hero n. ifconj. generally adv. gray)adj.,n. herselfpron. ignore v. in general grocery (especiallyBrE) hesitate v. ill adj.(especiallyBrE) generate v. (NAmEusually hi exclamation illegal adj. generation n. grocery store) n. hide v. illegally adv. generous adj. groceries n. high adj.,adv. illness n. generously adv. ground n. highly adv. illustrate v. gentle adj. group n. highlight v.,n. image n. gently adv. grow v. highway n. imaginary adj. gentleman n. growup (especiallyNAmE) imagination n. genuine adj. growth n. hill n. imagine v. genuinely adv. guarantee n.,v. him pron. immediate adj. geography n. guardn.,v. himselfpron. immediatelyadv. get v. guess v.,n. hip n. immoral adj. get on guest n. hire v.,n. impact n. get off guide n.,v. his det.,pron. impatient adj. giant n.,adj. guilty adj. historical adj. impatiently adv. gift n. gun n. historyn. implication n. girln. guy n. hit v.,n. implyv. girlfriend n. hobby n. import n.,v. give v. habit n. hold v.,n. importance n. give sth away hair n. hole n. important adj. give sth out hairdresser n. holiday n. importantly adv. give sth up halfn.,det., hollow adj. unimportant adj. glad adj. pron.,adv. holyadj. impose v. glass n. hall n. home n.,adv. impossible adj. glasses n. hammer n. homework n. impress v. global adj. hand n.,v. honest adj. impressed adj. glove n. handle v.,n. honestly adv. impression n. glue n.,v. hang v. honour (BrE) impressive adj. gm abbr.igram happen v. (NAmEhonor) n. improve v. go v. happiness n. in honour/honor of improvement n. godown unhappiness n. hook n. in prep.,adv. goup happy adj. hope v.,n. inability n. be going to happily adv. horizontal adj. inch n. goal n. unhappy adj. horn n. incident n. god n. hardadj.,adv. horror n. include v. gold n.,adj. hardlyadv. horse n. including prep. good adj.,n. harmn.,v. hospital n. income n. good at harmful adj. host n.,v. increase v.,n. good for harmless adj. hot adj. increasingly adv. goodbye hat n. hotel n. indeed adv. exclamation,n. hate v.,n. hour n. independence n. goods n. hatred n. house n. independent adj. govern v. have v., auxiliary v. housing n. independently adv. government n. have to modalv. household n.,adj. index n. governor n. hepron. how adv. indicate v. grab v. head n.,v. however adv. indication n. grade n.,v. headache n. huge adj. indirect adj. gradual adj. heal v. human adj.,n. indirectlyadv. gradually adv. health n. humorous adj. individual adj.,n. grain n. healthy adj. humour (BrE) indoors adv. gram (BrEalsogramme) n. hear v. (NAmEhumor) n. indoor adj. (abbr.g,gm) hearing n. hungry adj. industrial adj. industry n. involvement n. knit v. lift v.,n. inevitable adj. iron n.,v. knitted adj. light n.,adj.,v. d inevitablyadv. irritate v. knitting n. lightly adv. infect v. irritating adj. knock v.,n. like prep.,v.,conj. infected adj. irritated adj. knot n. unlike prep.,adj. infection n. -ish suffix know v. likely adj.,adv. 0 infectious adj. island n. unknown adj. unlikely adj. 0 0 influence n.,v. issue n.,v. well known adj. limit n.,v. 3 inform v. it pron.,det. knowledge n. limited adj. d r informal adj. its det. line n. fo information n. item n. labbr.ilitre link n.,v. Ox ingredient n. itselfpron. label n.,v. lip n. e initial adj.,n. laboratory, lab n. liquid n.,adj. h initially adv. jacket n. labour (BrE) list n.,v. T initiative n. jam n. (NAmElabor) n. listen (to) v. injure v. January n. lack n.,v. literature n. injured adj. (abbr. Jan.) lacking adj. litre (BrE)(NAmEliter) n. injury n. jealous adj. lady n. (abbr.l) ink n. jeans n. lake n. little adj.,det., inner adj. jelly n. lamp n. pron.,adv. innocent adj. jewellery (BrE) land n.,v. alittle det.,pron. inquiry ienquiry (NAmEjewelry) n. landscape n. live /laIv/adj.,adv. insect n. job n. lane n. live /lIv/v. insert v. join v. language n. living adj. inside prep.,adv., joint adj.,n. large adj. lively adj. n.,adj. jointly adv. largely adv. load n.,v. insist (on) v. joke n.,v. last det.,adv.,n.,v. unload v. install v. journalist n. late adj.,adv. loan n. instance n. journey n. later adv.,adj. local adj. for instance joy n. latest adj.,n. locally adv. instead adv. judge n.,v. latter adj.,n. locate v. instead of judgement laugh v.,n. located adj. institute n. (alsojudgment launch v.,n. location n. institution n. especiallyinNAmE)n. law n. lock v.,n. instruction n. juice n. lawyer n. logic n. instrument n. July n.(abbr.Jul.) layv. logical adj. insult v.,n. jump v.,n. layer n. lonely adj. insulting adj. June n.(abbr.Jun.) lazy adj. long adj.,adv. insurance n. junior adj.,n. lead /li;d/v.,n. look v.,n. intelligence n. just adv. leading adj. look after intelligent adj. justice n. leader n. (especiallyBrE) intend v. justify v. leafn. look at intended adj. justified adj. league n. look for intention n. lean v. look forward to interest n.,v. kabbr.ikilometre learn v. loose adj. interesting adj. keen adj. least det.,pron.,adv. loosely adv. interested adj. keen on atleast lordn. interior n.,adj. keepv. leather n. lorryn.(BrE) internal adj. key n.,adj. leave v. lose v. international adj. keyboard n. leave out lost adj. Internet n. kick v.,n. lecturen. loss n. interpret v. kid n. left adj.,adv.,n. lot: a lot (of) interpretation n. kill v. leg n. (alsolots (of)) interrupt v. killing n. legal adj. pron.,det.,adv. interruption n. kilogram legally adv. loud adj.,adv. interval n. (BrE also kilogramme) lemon n. loudly adv. interview n.,v. (also kilo) n.(abbr.kg) lend v. love n.,v. into prep. kilometre (BrE) length n. lovely adj. introduce v. (NAmEkilometer) n. less det.,pron.,adv. lover n. introduction n. (abbr.k, km) lesson n. low adj.,adv. invent v. kind n.,adj. let v. loyal adj. invention n. kindlyadv. letter n. luck n. invest v. unkind adj. level n.,adj. lucky adj. investigate v. kindness n. library n. unlucky adj. investigation n. king n. licence (BrE) luggage n. investment n. kiss v.,n. (NAmElicense) n. (especiallyBrE) invitation n. kitchen n. license v. lump n. invite v. km abbr.ikilometre lid n. lunch n. involvev. knee n. lie v.,n. lung n. involved in knife n. life n. machine n. memory n. mother n. nervous adj. machinery n. in memory of motion n. nervously adv. mad adj. mental adj. motor n. nest n.,v. d magazine n. mentally adv. motorcycle net n. magic n.,adj. mention v. (BrEalso motorbike) n. network n. mail n.,v. menu n. mount v.,n. never adv. main adj. mere adj. mountain n. nevertheless adv. 0 0 mainly adv. merely adv. mouse n. new adj. 0 maintain v. mess n. mouth n. newly adv. 3 d major adj. message n. move v.,n. news n. r majority n. metal n. moving adj. newspaper n. fo make v.,n. method n. movement n. next adj.,adv.,n. Ox make sth up metre (BrE) movie n. next to prep. e make-up n. (NAmEmeter) n. (especiallyNAmE) nice adj. h T male adj.,n. mg abbr.imilligram movie theater n.(NAmE) nicely adv. mall n. mid- combining form Mr (BrE) niece n. (especiallyNAmE) midday n. (alsoMr. NAmE, BrE) night n. man n. middle n.,adj. abbr. no exclamation,det. manage v. midnight n. Mrs (BrE) No. (alsono.) abbr. management n. might modalv. (alsoMrs. NAmE, BrE) inumber manager n. mild adj. abbr. nobody (alsono one) manner n. mile n. Ms (BrE) pron. manufacture v.,n. militaryadj. (alsoMs. NAmE, BrE) noise n. manufacturing n. milk n. abbr. noisy adj. manufacturer n. milligram much det.,pron.,adv. noisily adv. manydet.,pron. (BrEalso milligramme) mud n. non- prefix map n. n.(abbr.mg) multiply v. none pron. March n.(abbr.Mar.) millimetre (BrE) mum (BrE) nonsense n. march v.,n. (NAmEmillimeter) n. (NAmEmom) n. no one inobody mark n.,v. (abbr.mm) murder n.,v. nor conj.,adv. market n. mind n.,v. muscle n. normal adj.,n. marketing n. mine pron.,n. museum n. normallyadv. marriagen. mineral n.,adj. music n. north n.,adj.,adv. marry v. minimum adj.,n. musical adj. northern adj. married adj. minister n. musician n. nose n. mass n.,adj. ministry n. must modalv. not adv. massive adj. minor adj. my det. note n.,v. master n. minority n. myselfpron. nothing pron. match n.,v. minute n. mysterious adj. notice n.,v. matching adj. mirror n. mystery n. take notice of mate n.,v. miss v.,n. noticeable adj. material n., adj. Miss n. nail n. novel n. mathematics missing adj. naked adj. November n. (alsomaths BrE, mistake n.,v. name n.,v. (abbr.Nov.) math NAmE)n. mistaken adj. narrow adj. now adv. matter n.,v. mix v.,n. nation n. nowhere adv. maximum adj.,n. mixed adj. national adj. nuclear adj. maymodalv. mixturen. natural adj. number May n. mm abbr.imillimetre naturally adv. (abbr.No.,no.) n. maybe adv. mobile adj. nature n. nurse n. mayor n. mobile phone navy n. nut n. me pron. (alsomobile) n. (BrE) near adj.,adv.,prep. meal n. model n. nearby adj.,adv. obey v. mean v. modernadj. nearly adv. object n.,v. meaning n. mom (NAmE)imum neatadj. objective n.,adj. means n. moment n. neatly adv. observation n. bymeans of Monday n. necessary adj. observe v. meanwhile adv. (abbr. Mon.) necessarily adv. obtain v. measurev.,n. moneyn. unnecessaryadj. obvious adj. measurement n. monitor n.,v. neck n. obviously adv. meat n. month n. need v.,modalv.,n. occasion n. media n. mood n. needle n. occasionally adv. medical adj. moon n. negative adj. occupy v. medicine n. moral adj. neighbour (BrE)(NAmE occupied adj. medium adj.,n. morallyadv. neighbor)n. occur v. meet v. more det.,pron.,adv. neighbourhood (BrE) ocean n. meeting n. moreover adv. (NAmEneighborhood) n. o’clock adv. melt v. morning n. neither det.,pron.,adv. October n.(abbr.Oct.) member n. most det.,pron.,adv. nephew n. odd adj. membership n. mostly adv. nerve n. oddly adv. ofprep. overall adj.,adv. permanent adj. poison n.,v. offadv.,prep. overcome v. permanently adv. poisonous adj. d offence (BrE) owe v. permission n. pole n. (NAmEoffense) n. own adj.,pron.,v. permit v. police n. offend v. owner n. person n. policy n. offensive adj. personal adj. polish n.,v. 00 offer v.,n. pabbr.ipage, penny personally adv. polite adj. 0 office n. pace n. personality n. politely adv. 3 officer n. pack v.,n. persuade v. political adj. d r official adj.,n. package n.,v. pet n. politically adv. fo officially adv. packaging n. petrol n.(BrE) politician n. Ox often adv. packet n. phase n. politics n. e ohexclamation page n.(abbr.p) philosophy n. pollution n. Th oil n. pain n. phone itelephone pool n. OK (alsookay) painful adj. photocopy n.,v. poor adj. exclamation,adj.,adv. paint n.,v. photograph n.,v. pop n.,v. old adj. painting n. (alsophoto n.) popular adj. old-fashioned adj. painter n. photographer n. population n. on prep.,adv. pair n. photography n. port n. once adv.,conj. palace n. phrase n. pose v.,n. one number,det.,pron. pale adj. physical adj. position n. one another ieach other pan n. physically adv. positive adj. onion n. panel n. physics n. possess v. only adj.,adv. pants n. piano n. possession n. onto prep. paper n. pick v. possibility n. open adj.,v. parallel adj. pick sth up possible adj. openly adv. parent n. picture n. possibly adv. opening n. park n.,v. piece n. post n.,v. operate v. parliament n. pig n. post office n. operation n. part n. pile n.,v. pot n. opinion n. take part (in) pill n. potato n. opponent n. particular adj. pilot n. potential adj.,n. opportunity n. particularly adv. pin n.,v. potentiallyadv. oppose v. partly adv. pink adj.,n. pound n. opposing adj. partner n. pint n.(abbr. pt) pour v. opposed to partnership n. pipe n. powder n. opposite adj.,adv., party n. pitch n. power n. n.,prep. pass v. pity n. powerful adj. opposition n. passing n.,adj. place n.,v. practical adj. option n. passage n. take place practically adv. or conj. passenger n. plain adj. practice n. orange n.,adj. passport n. plan n.,v. (BrE,NAmE), order n.,v. past adj.,n.,prep.,adv. planning n. v.(NAmE) in order to path n. plane n. practise v.(BrE) ordinaryadj. patience n. planet n. praise n.,v. organ n. patient n.,adj. plant n.,v. prayer n. organization pattern n. plastic n.,adj. precise adj. (BrE also -isation) n. pause v.,n. plate n. preciselyadv. organize pay v.,n. platform n. predict v. (BrE also -ise) v. payment n. play v.,n. prefer v. organized adj. peace n. player n. preference n. origin n. peaceful adj. pleasant adj. pregnant adj. original adj.,n. peak n. pleasantlyadv. premises n. originallyadv. pen n. unpleasant adj. preparation n. other adj.,pron. pence n.ipenny please exclamation,v. prepare v. otherwise adv. pencil n. pleasing adj. prepared adj. ought to modalv. penny n.(abbr.p) pleased adj. presence n. our det. pension n. pleasure n. present adj.,n.,v. ours pron. people n. plenty pron.,adv., presentation n. ourselves pron. pepper n. n.,det. preserve v. out (of)adv.,prep. per prep. plot n.,v. president n. outdoors adv. per cent (NAmEusually plug n. press n.,v. outdoor adj. percent) n.,adj.,adv. plus prep.,n.,adj.,conj. pressure n. outer adj. perfect adj. p.m. (NAmEalso P.M.) presumablyadv. outline v.,n. perfectly adv. abbr. pretend v. output n. perform v. pocket n. pretty adv.,adj. outside n.,adj.,prep.,adv. performance n. poem n. prevent v. outstanding adj. performer n. poetry n. previous adj. oven n. perhaps adv. point n.,v. previously adv. over adv.,prep. period n. pointed adj. price n.