CUMULATIVE INDEX 2000 Volume 33 February UPDATE ON THE PEDIATRIC AIRWAY, pages 1-226 April FUNGAL RHINOSINUSITIS: A SPECTRUM OF DISEASE, pages 227-454 June PRACTICAL ISSUES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF THE DIZZY AND BALANCE DISORDER PATIENT, pages 455-677 August VOICE DISORDERS AND PHONOSURGERY I, pages 679-921 October VOICE DISORDERS AND PHONOSURGERY II, pages 923-1157 December SYNDROMIC AND OTHE. CONGENITAL ANOMALIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK, pages 1159-1417 Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type Accent method, to treat dysphonias, 996 Agoraphobia, dizziness in, 605-606 Achondroplasia, obstructive sleep apnea Airflow, phonation, in dysphonia, 734-735 in, 70 Airway, hemangiomas and vascular Acidification tests, to diagnose malformations of, 209-220 gastroesophageal reflux, 154 major, collapse of, management of, 163- Acoustic analysis, in dysphonia, 737-741 177 Acoustic neuroma, 478, 545, 597 management of, in micrognathia, 1186 Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, in space-occupying oropharyngeal le- fungal invasive sinusitis in. See sions, 1172 Sinusitis, fungal, invasive, in acquired obstruction of, in Pierre Robin syn- immunodeficiency syndrome. drome, 1245-1252 Activities of daily living scale, to assess in recurrent respiratory papillo- outcome of dizziness treatment, 524 matosis, 194 Activities specific balance confidence scale, pediatric, endoscopy of, anesthesia for, to assess outcome of dizziness 9-4 treatment, 522-523 diagnosis using, 32 Acyclovir, in juvenile onset recurrent management of, history of, 1-14 respiratory papillomatosis, 200 radiologic evaluation of, new tech- in recurrent respiratory papillomavirus, niques for, 15 1139 radiology of, advances in, 15-28 Adenoid facies, and pediatric obstructive update on, 1-220 sleep apnea syndrome, 51-52 structural anomalies of, in velocardiofa- Adenoidectomy, in pediatric obstructive cial syndrome, 1226-1230 sleep apnea syndrome, 66-68 upper, obstruction of, spontaneous respi- Adenotonsillar hypertrophy, and pediatric ratory inhalation technique for anes- obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, thesia for, 41-43 51-52 Alcohol abuse, vocal technique and, 938 Aerodynamic analysis, in dysphonia, Allergic disease, in vocal performers, 959 734-737 Alpha interferons, in juvenile onset Age, as influence on posture and gait, recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, 650-653 200-201 1395 1396 CUMULATIVE INDEX 2000 Alport’s syndrome, hearing impairment in, Anxiety, with dizziness, 668 1381 Aortopexy, in tracheobronchomalacia, Alternative medications, effects on voice, 163-164, 167, 168-169 782 Apert’s syndrome, 1258-1263 American Academy of Ophthalmology birth prevalence and genetics of, 1259 and Otolaryngology, 1 central nervous system in, 1259-1261 American Academy of Pediatrics, cranial vault in, 1259, 1260-1261 Otolaryngology and midface features in, 1261-1262 Bronchesophagologic Section of, 13 ocular findings in, 1262 American Society of Pediatric syndactyly in, 1262-1263 Otolaryngology, 13 Apneic attacks, mechanisms of, 31 Ames, Mary, 9 Amold-Chiari malformation, 588 Amphotericin B, 305-306, 331, 363, 384, bilateral vocal fold immobility in, 860 403 vocal cord paralysis in, 140-141 lipid-based formulations of, 283-284 Artery(ies), innominate, compression of, Amphotericin B deoxycholate, 279-283 endoscopic diagnosis of, 24, 25 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, bilateral Arytenoid adduction, 832-836 vocal fold immobility in, 860-861 and medialization laryngoplasty, 817— Analgesics, dysphonia associated with, 839 776-777 anesthesia for, 833 Anesthesia, and endoscopy, in pediatric biomechanics of, 824-829 patients, complications of, 46 preoperative preparation for, 832-833 endoscopic equipment and, 33 removal of posterior thyroid lamina for, for arytenoid adduction, 832-833 834 for medialization laryngoplasty, 829-830 surgical exposure for, 833-834 for pediatric airway endoscopy, 29-47 Arytenopexy, adduction, in paralytic requirements for, 29-30 dysphonia, 849-851 general, in pediatric patient, preparation Aspergillosis, allergic bronchopulmonary, for, 33-34 problems during, 35 399-400, 409, 419 requirements for, 34 stages of, 400 heat conservation during, 31 recurrent, antifungal agents to prevent, local, supplementary, for pediatric pa- 307-309 tient, 35 sinus. See Sinusitis, fungal, invasive. Anesthesiology, and otorhinolaryngology, triazoles in, 289 29-30 Auricle, surgical repair of, in microtia Anesthetic techniques, classification of, atresia, 1356-1369 35-36 Autoimmune disorders, dysphonia commonly used, 36-37 associated with, 724 Antibiotics, in fungal allergic Autoimmune inner ear disease, 553-556 rhinosinusitis, 429-430 organ specific, 554 Antidepressants, dysphonia associated Axiolytics, complications of, 781 with, 779-780 Azoles, 284-289 in dizziness and psychopathology, 630- 631 Antifungal therapy, antifungal drugs in, 279-292 Bacteriology and mycology laboratories, future directions in, 292-293 examination of fungal rhinosinusitis in fungal allergic rhinosinusitis, 423 specimens in, 256-259 principles of, 279 Balance function testing, 507-517 prophylactic, in invasive fungal sinusi- application of, 515-517 tis, 304-307 information provided by, 508-509 in prevention of fungal sinusitis, 304— Balance function tests, accuracy of, 307 interpretation and, 508 resistance to, strategies to overcome, 279 Balance system, anatomy and operational Antihistamines, dysphonia associated physiology of, 455-467 with, 772-773 functional operation of, in daily activi- Antihypertensive agents, dysphonia ties, 455-469 associated with, 775 Balloon dilation, of tracheobronchial Antipsychotic drugs, complications of, stenoses, 23-26 781-782 Barium swallow, modified, 19 CUMULATIVE INDEX 2000 1397 feeding during, 20 normal developmental anatomy of, silent aspiration on, 19, 20 1309-1313 Barotrauma, to inner ear, hearing loss in, Branchial arch remnants, 1313, 1314 539-541 Branchial cleft, cysts of, 1318-1320 Basement membrane zone, of vocal cords, first, anomalies of, 1315-1318 683-684, 685, 686 second, anomalies of, 1318-1322 Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, 1183, sinuses and fistulas of, 1320, 1321- 1184 1322 Bedside vestibular examination, 495-506 Branchial pouch, second, anomalies of, Bedtime behavior problems, in pediatric 1318-1322 obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, third and fourth, anomalies of, 1322- 53-54 1326 Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. See Branchio-oto-renal syndrome, branchial Vertigo, benign paroxysmal positional. apparatus anomalies in, 1329 Benzodiazepines, in dizziness and hearing impairment in, 1381 psychopathology, 629-630 Breathiness, causes of, 925-926 Bifid epiglottis, congenital, 94-95 definition of, 925 Biopsy, nasal, in invasive fungal Breathing disorders, laryngeal, rhinosinusitis, 328-329 neurolaryngology and, 898 Birth trauma, to head and neck, 1176-1178 Bronchitis, arachidic, 180 Blastomycosis, triazoles in, 288 Bronchoactive medications, dysphonia B-Blockers, dysphonia associated with, 778 associated with, 778 Bluestone, Charles D., MD, 2, 9-10, 13 Bronchoscopy, flexible, diagnostic, 32 Bone marrow transplants, prophylactic Bronchus(i), stenosis of, therapeutic antifungal agents in, 304-309 radiology in, 22-26 Botulinum toxin, antibody formation and, Brunings, Wilhelm, 809-810 884 Buckingham, Richard, MD, 9 contraindications to use to, 884 for treatment of spasmodic dysphonia, 879-894 Canalith repositioning procedure, 570 inhibition of neurotransmitter release Canalithiasis, 565, 566 and, 882-883 Candida albicans, triazoles in, 288 injections of, rating criteria for, 886 Candidiasis, sinusitis and, 261-262, 263 results of, 891-892 Carbon dioxide laser, in technique of, 886-889 phonomicrosurgery, 1052, 1064-1065 treatment and dosing in, 889-891 Carbon dioxide laser surgery, in recurrent pharmacology of, 881 respiratory papillomavirus, 1136 preparation and toxicity of, 883-884 Cardiovascular anomalies, as cause of usage during pregnancy, 884 vocal cord paralysis, 136-137 usage in children, 884 Cardiovascular medications, in dizziness Botulinum toxin A, in posterior glottic and psychopathology, 628-629 stenosis, 872 Cardiovascular syncope, as cause of falls Brain, vascular malformations in, and and gait unsteadiness, 639 hemorrhage, vertigo in, 596 Carpenter’s syndrome, 1270 Brainstem diseases, as cause of falls and Central nervous system, abnormalities of, gait unsteadiness, 641-642 obstructive sleep apnea in, 70 Brainstem gliomas, central vertigo in, anomalies of, vocal cord paralysis in, 596-598 134-135 Branchial apparatus, anomalies of, lesion of, causing gait abnormalities, 1313-1326 647-648 in branchio-oto-renal syndrome, 1329 Cerebellar disease, cerebellar signs of, 586 in DiGeorge anomaly, 1327 spinocerebellar atrophy in, 587-588 in Goldenhar’s syndrome, 1328 Cerebellar disorders, dizziness in, physical in hemifacial microsomia, 1328-1329 therapy in, 668 in Pierre Robin sequence, 1327-1328 Cerebellar infarction, central vertigo in, in Treacher Collins syndrome, 595-596 1326-1327 Cerebrovascular accident, bilateral vocal cysts of, 1313-1315 fold immobility in, 861 head and neck anomalies related to, Challenge voice therapy, caveats and 1309-1332 expectations for, 994 1398 CUMULATIVE INDEX 2000 Challenge voice therapy (Continued) pathophysiology of, 1338-1339 description and rationale for, 993-994 sinusitis and otitis media in, 1339-1340 CHARGE, 1178, 1344, 1349 Circumlaryngeal massage, manual, caveats choanal atresia, and congenital stenosis, and expectations for, 990 1343-1351 description and rationale for, 989 Chewing method, to treat dysphonias, therapy protocol for, 989-990 996-997 Cis-retinoic acid, in juvenile onset Child(ren), bilateral immobility of vocal recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, folds in, treatment of, 872 201-202 dysphonia in, behavioral management Cleft lip, anatomy of, 1196-1197 of, 1097-1109 and cleft palate, 1183-1185, 1191-1215 posterior glottic stenosis in, treatment classification of, 1193-1194 of, 872 epidemiology of, 1194-1195 use of botulinum toxin in, 884 etiology and genetics of, 1195-1196 vocal-fold cysts in, 1102, 1117, 1118 nonsyndromic, familial risks for, 1196 vocal-fold edema in, 1100 bilateral, anatomy of, 1202-1203 vocal-fold polyps in, 1102 management of premaxilla in, 1203 vocal nodules in, 1100-1102, 1116-1117 surgical technique in, history of, 1203 Chmielik, Professor Mieczyslaw, 7 repair of, 1203-1205 Choanal atresia, 1178-1179 surgery in, postoperative care in, 1202 bilateral, symptoms of, 78 primary nasal correction in, 1202 CHARGE association, and congenital ste- rotation-advancement technique in, nosis, 1343-1351 1198, 1199 clinical presentation of, 1344 markings for, 1199-1200 complications of, 1348-1349 points for, 1200-1201 congenital, theories explaining develop- techniques of, history of, 1197-1198 timing of, 1197 ment of, 77-78 congenital anomalies associated with, 78 to repair orbicularis oris, 1201-1202 embryology of, and anatomy of nose, Cleft palate. See also Cleft lip, and cleft 1343-1344 palate. endoscopic and powered instrumenta- anatomy of, 1206-1207 tion for, 84-86 in velocardiofacial syndrome, 1222-1224 presurgical orthopedic management in, endoscopic versus traditional ap- proaches to, 77-90 1207 epidemiology of, 1344 primary gingivoperiosteoplasty in, 1207 in computed tomography, 78 repair of, in Pierre Robin sequence, 1252 surgical technique for, 1208-1211, 1212 laser repair of, 1348 timing of, 1207-1208 laser treatment of, 79-80 sequelae of, 1205-1206 management of, 1345-1346 Clotrimazole, 287 microscopic drill-out procedure in, 83, Coccidiomycosis, triazoles in, 288-289 84 Cogan’s syndrome, 554 neonatal bilateral bony, 79 Cognitive-behavior therapy, in dizziness postoperative care in, 87-88 and psychopathology, 631-632 sublabial transeptal repair of, 86, 87 Cognitive function, in pediatric obstructive surgical approaches to, 1346-1348 sleep apnea syndrome, 54 transnasal puncture technique in, 79-80, Cohen, Eli, 7-8 81 Cohen, Harold, 7-8 transpalatal repair in, 81-83 Cohen, Seymore, MD, 7-8, 13 treatment of, ideal procedure for, 78-79 Collagen injection, for vocal-fold injection, Chromoblastomycosis, sinusitis and, 260, 1090 262-263 in vocal-fold scar, 1084-1085 Cidofovir, in recurrent respiratory Computed tomography, advantages of, 21 papillomavirus, 1139-1140 controlled ventilation, in children, 21-22, injection of, in juvenile onset recurrent 23 respiratory papillomatosis, 201 spiral, 22, 24 Cigarette smoking, voice problems electron beam, 21 associated with, 971 in choanal atresia, 78 Ciliary dyskinesia, and cystic fibrosis, in subglottic hemangioma, 211-212 head and neck manifestations of, in suspected invasive fungal rhinosinus- 1333-1342 itis, 326-327 CUMULATIVE INDEX 2000 1399 in vascular malformations, 215 ocular findings in, 1265-1266 ultrafast, 21 Cryptococcosis, sinusitis and, 260, 264 in obstructive sleep apnea, 17-18 Cryptococcus, triazoles in, 288 Computerized dynamic posturography Culture identification, in mycotic test, to assess outcome of dizziness infections, 245 treatment, 526-527 Cuneiform cartilage, anomalous, 96 Computerized dynamic visual acuity, to Cupulolithiasis, 565 assess outcome of dizziness treatment, Cystic fibrosis, and ciliary dyskinesia, 525-526 head and neck manifestations of, Confidential voice, caveats and 1333-1342 expectations for, 987 clinical manifestations of, 1334-1335 description and rationale for, 985-986 pathophysiology of, 1333-1334 therapy protocol for, 986-987 sinusitis in, 1335-1338 Conidiobolomycosis, sinusitis and, 263, Cystic hygroma, 1179-1180 264 Cysts, saccular, 95-96, 1118 Conversion dysphonia, 1038-1039 vocal-fold, 1040-1041 Coordination, assessment of, for treatment in child, 1102, 1117, 1118 of dysphonia, 1006-1007 Cordotomy, lateral, in vocal-fold scar, 1085 Corticosteroids, dysphonia associated with, 773-774 Danielewicz, Jan Gabriel, MD, 5-7 Cotton, Robin T., MD, 10 Deafness. See Hearing loss. Craniofacial disorders, classes of, Dental disorders, in professional singers, 1161-1166 932-933 genetic counseling in, 1166 Depression, dizziness in, 607 genetic evaluation in, 1160-1161 Diabetes mellitus, bilateral vocal fold in velocardiofacial syndrome, 1219-1224 immobility in, 860 obstructive sleep apnea in, 70 Diet, effect of, on vocal production, 971 secretory proteins and, 1165-1166 DiGeorge anomaly, branchial apparatus transcription factors and, 1161-1163 anomalies in, 1327 transmembrane proteins and, 1163-1165 Diindolylmethane, in juvenile onset Craniosynostosis, 1175-1176, 1257-1258 recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, and midface hypoplasia, syndromes in- 199-200 volving, 1257-1284 Diphtheria, 3-5 treatment of, 1270-1281 Diphtheria antitoxin, 4-5 for patients 9 months to 3 years old, Disability index, to assess outcome of 1274 dizziness treatment, 523-524 for patients 6 to 9 months old, Diuretics, dysphonia associated with, 774 1272-1274 Dizziness, and imbalance, psychologic for patients 3 to 5 years old, 1274— symptoms and psychiatric disorders 1276 in, diagnosis and treatment of, for patients in adolescence or adult- 617-635 hood, 1277-1281 and psychologic disturbance, comorbid- for patients under 6 months old, ity between, 603-605 1271-1272 symptoms of, 605 Cri du chat syndrome, 98 vicious cycle of, 608-610 Cricoarytenoid joint, pathologic conditions and psychopathology, clinical presenta- of, 1042 tion in, 619-620 Cricothyroid membrane, in neonate, 30 course of illness in, 622-624 Cricothyroid subluxation, in paralytic differential diagnosis of, 620-622 dysphonia, 851-852 fear response in, 623 Cricothyroid visor, palpation of, 1028-1029 mood state in, 623-624 Croup, spontaneous respiration inhalation symptom focus in, 623 technique for anesthesia and treatment of, 627-632 intubation in, 43-44 central, vestibular therapy in, 669 Crouzon’s syndrome, birth prevalence and central causes of, 665-668 genetics of, 1263-1264 chronic, and balance disorders, preven- central nervous system in, 1264 tion of negative reactions to, 610- cranial vault in, 1264 613 midface features in, 1264-1265 psychologic effects of, 603-616 1400 CUMULATINIDEXV E20 00 Dizziness (Continued) aerodynamic analysis in, 734-737 definitions of, 472 assessment of clarity of speech in, 1010 diagnostic vestibular groups for special assessment of filter control and flexibil- consideration in, 666 ity in, 1008-1010 hypoglycemic, 581 assessment of repertoire and perfor- in cerebellar disorders, physical therapy mance/ rehearsal schedule in, 1011- in, 668 1012 in drug toxicity, 581 assessment of source control and flexibil- in head injury, management of, 667 ity in, 1008 in medical or psychiatric illness, 624-625 associated with analgesics, 776-777 in panic and agoraphobia, 605-606 associated with antihistamines, 772-773 in postconcussion syndrome, 581 associated with antihypertensive agents, management of, assessment of psy- 775 chologic disturbance in, 610-611 associated with B-blockers, 778 Medical-Psychiatric Interaction Model of associated with bronchoactive medica- symptom development in, 622 tions, 778 medical-psychiatric interactions in, 624- associated with corticosteroids, 773-774 626 associated with diuretics, 774 panic and anxiety symptoms with, 668 associated with edema medications, 774— presyncopal, causes of, 580-582 775 psychogenic, 626 associated with gastroenterologic medi- psychophysiologic, 581 cations, 775-776 symptoms of, duration of, 476-479 associated with hormones, 777-778 synonyms for, 472 associated with mucolytic agents, 773 Dizziness handicap inventory, to assess associated with neurologic medications, outcome of dizziness treatment, 778-779 521-522 associated with psychoactive medica- Dizzy and balance disorder patient, tions, 779-782 management of, 455-672 basic assessment protocol in, criteria for, outcome measures of, 519-533 747-748 correlation between, 528-531 conversion, 1038-1039 physical, 525-528 database management in, 748 self-report, 521-525 definition of, 925, 945 types of, 520-528 efficiency of phonation in, 737 DNA, mitochondrial, abnormalities of, electroglottography in, 741-742, 743-744 hearing impairment in, 1373 Down syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea electromyography in, 747 in, 69-70, 1289-1290 evaluation of, medical and vocal history orofacial manifestations of, 1285-1286, in, 719-729 1287 exacerbating and ameliorating factors in, otolaryngologic manifestations of, 1285- 721 1292 flow glottography in, 735 otologic disorders in, 1290-1291 flow-versus-volume loops in, 735-737 upper airway in, 1286-1289 glottographic techniques in, 741-744 Downs, Jack, MD, 11 history of present illness in, 719-721 Dumon stent, in major airway collapse, impairment, disability, and other medi- 173-174 cal-legal aspects of, 1143-1152 Dynamic posturography, 514-515 inciting factors in, 720-721 Dysarthria, definition of, 945 methods of voice therapy in, 983-1002 hyperkinetic, 945 muscle-tension, 1037-1038 mixed, 946 occupational history in, 727-728 Dysequilibrium, multisensory, and paralytic, adduction arytenopexy in, vestibular dysfunction, in older 849-851 adults, 664-665 assessment and treatment of, evolu- vertigo and, with hearing loss, 535-562 tion of, 803 Dysphagia, neurolaryngology and, 902 cricothyroid subluxation in, 851-852 Dysphonia(s), abductor spasmodic, Goretex medialization in, 851 botulinum toxin injection in, 888-889 new procedures for, 841-853 acoustic analysis in, 737-741 surgical technique in, 843-849 adductor spasmodic, botulinum toxin in- independent parameters for, 849 jection in, 886, 887 past medical history in, 722-725 CUMULATIVE INDEX 2000 1401 past surgical history in, 726 assessments for, 1004-1005 pediatric, anatomic causes of, 1116-1117 videolaryngostroboscopy in, 733-734 behavioral management of, 1097-1109 voice and speech material in, 732-733 causes of, 1111-1112 Dysphonia indexes, 746-747 congenital causes of, 1117 Dystonia, genetics of, 880-881 diagnosis of, 1098-1100 differential diagnosis and treatment of, 1115-1122 evaluation of, 1112-1115 Ear, external, repair of, in microtia atresia, gastropharyngeal reflux associated psychologic issues in, 1356 with, 1113 external and middle, congenital anoma- history taking in, 1112-1113 lies of, 1315 iatrogenic causes of, 1122 inner, acquired malformations of, 537- laryngeal pathologic conditions re- 542 lated to, 1100-1103 barotrauma to, hearing loss in, 539- medical and surgical treatment of, 541 1111-1125 chemical ototoxicity causing hearing microlaryngoscopy in, 1115 loss and imbalance in, 552-553 neoplastic causes of, 1119-1120 congenital malformations of, 535-537 neurologic causes of, 1120-1122 idiopathic disorders of, 556-558 physical examination in, 1113-1114 immunologic conditions involving, voice evaluation in, 1103-1104 553-556 voice therapy in, progress reports in, infectious lesions of, 548-550 1106 metabolic malformations of, 542-544 techniques for, 1107-1108 neoplastic lesions of, 545-547 versus in adults, 1104-1108 perilymph fistula of, hearing loss in, vocal hygiene in, 1106 541-542 perceptual analysis of, 733 syphilis involving, 550-552 perpetual and laboratory assessment of, trauma to temporal bone of, hearing 731-750 loss in, 537-539 phonation airflow in, 734-735 malformations of, in velocardiofacial syn- phonatory onset of, approaches to, 994— drome, 1225-1226 996 of professional singers, examination of, phonetography or voice-range profile in, 941 744, 745 Echinocandins, 293 photoglottography in, 742 Edema, medications for, dysphonia recording voice sample in, 732 associated with, 774-775 reflexmyography in, 747 Electroglottography, in dysphonia, related to medical therapy, 771-784 741-742, 743-744 related to posture, 1023-1024 Electromyography, basics of, 759-760 review of systems in, 721-722 in dysphonia, 747 rhinophonia measurement in, 744-746 laryngeal, 759-770 self-evaluation in, 746 administration and interpretation of, social history in, 726-727 761-763 spasmodic, 1043 findings of, interpretation and classifi- diagnosis of, 885-886 cation of, 764-766 history of, 879-880 in bilateral immobility of vocal folds, neurolaryngology and, 898, 900 863 subglottal air pressure in, 737 indications for, 760-761 time course of, 721 observed, temporal rela‘ionships with, treatment of, application of singing tech- 763-764 niques in, 1003-1015 prognosis with, 766-769 assessment of coordination in, 1006— Electronystagmography, 509-510 1007 caloric testing in, 513 assessment of posture and athleticism oculomotor evaluation in, 510-511 for, 1005 positional testing in, 512-513 assessment of quality of voice in, spontaneous and gaze-evoked nystag- 1010-1011 mus in, 511-512 assessment of respiratory control and Elsberg, Louis, 804, 805 flexibility in, 1007-1008 Elsner, John, MD, 3 1402 CUMULATIVE INDEX 2000 Emotional stimuli, as cause of syncope Extracellular matrix, of vocal cords, and falls, 642 composition of, 688-692 Encephalocele, formation of, following regulation of, 692-693, 694 surgery in fungal allergic rhinosinusitis, 415, 416, 417 Endocrine abnormalities, dysphonia associated with, 724-725 Face, embryology of, 1192 Endocrine dysfunction, in professional Fall prevention program, for elderly, 652 Falls, and neurologic disorders in elderly, singers, 934-935 650-651 Endoscopes, in pediatric bronchoscopy, causes of, 638-642 development of, 11-12 idiopathic, 642 Endoscopic equipment, and anesthesia, 33 unexplained, and gait unsteadiness, as- Endoscopic laryngeal surgery, origin and development of, 1047-1049 sessment of, 637-657 Fat, autologous, for vocal-fold injection, Endoscopy, and powered instrumentation, 1089-1090, 1094 for choanal atresia, 84-86 Fearson, Blair, MD, 8, 10 anesthesia and, in pediatric patients, Ferguson, Charles, MD, 7, 9, 12 complications of, 46 Fetal alcohol syndrome, in Pierre Robin diagnostic, spontaneous respiration inha- syndrome, 1254 lation technique for. See Spontaneous Fibrin glue, in subglottic stenosis, 125 respiration inhalation technique. Fibroblast growth factor level, basic, test esophageal, in gastroesophageal reflux, of, in subglottic hemangioma, 212 790 Fibroblast growth factor receptors, flexible fiberoptic, 32-33 1163-1165 laryngeal, diagnostic, 751-757 Flake, Carlyle, MD, 7, 9, 12 pediatric airway, anesthesia for, 29-47 Flexible fiberoptic endoscopy, 32-33 rigid, 753-755 Flow glottography, in dysphonia, 735 in examination of professional singers, Flow-versus-volume loops, in dysphonia, 943 735-737 transnasal flexible, 752-753 Fluconazole, 288, 304-305 versus traditional approaches to choanal Flucytosine, 290-291 atresia, 77-90 Fluid intake, effect of, on vocal Enuresis, in pediatric obstructive sleep production, 971 apnea syndrome, 54-55 Fluoroscopy, airway, advantages of, 16, 18 Environmental factors, as cause of syncope in foreign body diagnosis, 16 and falls, 642 in synchronous airway lesions, 16 Environmental pollution, professional in upper airway obstruction, 16 singers and, 937 sleep, in pediatric upper airway obstruc- Epidermis, of vocal cords, 680-683 tion, 17 Epiglottis, congenital bifid, 94-95 Foods, affecting voice, 939 Epiglottitis, acute, spontaneous respiration Foreign body(ies), aspirated, inhalation technique for anesthesia bronchoscopic removal of, spiral and intubation in, 44 computed tomography following, 24 as cause of pediatric dysphonia, 1116 diagnosis of, fluoroscopy in, 16 Epiglottoplasty, in laryngomalacia, 94 esophageal, ingestions of, clinical presen- Epignathus, 1172 tation of, 183-184 Epilepsy, as cause of falls and gait complications of, 184-185 unsteadiness, 639-640 diagnostic imaging in, 184 Epileptic vertigo, 598-599 retrieval techniques in, 184 Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, with inhaled, removal of, spontaneous respira- biopsy, to diagnose gastroesophageal tory inhalation technique for anes- reflux, 153 thesia for, 44-46 Esophagram, barium, to diagnose tracheobronchial, 179-185 gastroesophageal reflux, 153 ingestions of, clinical presentation of, Exercise(s), for vocal disorders, 1012-1014 179-180 habituation, in benign paroxysmal posi- complications of, 182-183 tional vertigo, 571-572 diagnostic imaging in, 181, 182 in vestibular rehabilitation, 661-662 retrieval techniques in, 181-182 vocal, 972-973 Fundoplication, in gastroesophageal reflux, vocal function, 990-991 158-159 CUMULATIVE INDEX 2000 1403 Fungal antigens, commercially available, manifestations of, 156-157 401, 402 medical treatment of, 157-158, 159 in allergic fungal sinusitis, positive re- surgical treatment of, 158-159 sponses to, 434 as cause of pediatric dysphonia, 1118- Fungal cultures, interpretation of, 230-231 1119 Fungal disease(s), concepts of, 242-243 classification of, 151-152 of sinuses, diagnosis of, 255 definition of, 785 Fungal infections. See Infection, fungal. diagnosis of, 152-156 Fungal infestation, saprophytic, 232 evaluation of, in subglottic stenosis, 115— Fungal panallergen, 428 116 Fungal rhinosinusitis. See Rhinosinusitis, guidelines to reduce, 976 fungal. of professional singers, 933 Fungus balls, 231, 353, 376 pathophysiology of, 152 in paranasal sinuses, 389-398 posterior glottic stenosis in, 859 age, sex, and cultured fungus from, problems of, 970-971 390 Gastrointestinal disorders, dysphonia clinical presentation of, 391 associated with, 723 epidemiology of, 390-391 Gastrolaryngopharyngeal reflux, fungal cultures of, 393-394 evaluation of, in subglottic stenosis, histopathology of, 392-393 115-116 immunology of, 394 Gastropharyngeal reflux, associated with location of, 394 pediatric dysphonia, 1113 pathogenesis of, 394-395 Gelatin sponge, for vocal-fold injection, radiography of, 391, 392 1089 special considerations in, 396, 397 Genetic counseling, in craniofacial treatment of, 395-396 disorders, 1166 Fungus(i), and fungal infections, 238-242 Genetic disorders, as cause of vocal cord biology of, 239-241 paralysis, 137 in tissues, algorithm for identification of, Genetic evaluation, and counseling, in 269, 272, 273-274 head and neck syndromes, 1159-1169 seen in vivo, presumptive characteriza- in craniofacial disorders, 1160-1161 tion of, 269 Gianturco-Rosch stent, in major airway taxonomy of, 241-242 collapse, 172 Gianturco stent, in major airway collapse, 171-172 Gait, abnormalities of, caused by central Gingivoperiosteoplasty, primary, in cleft nervous system lesions, 647-650 palate, 1207 cautious, 649 Gliomas, brainstem, central vertigo in, frontal, 649 596-598 lesions causing, topographic Glossopexy, in Pierre Robin sequence, classification of, 643 1249-1250 psychogenic, 649 Glottic web, as cause of pediatric quantification of, 650 dysphonia, 1117-1118 measures of, to assess outcome of dizzi- Glottis, anomalies of, 96-98 ness treatment, 527-528 stenosis of, posterior, botulinum toxin A posture and, impact of age on, 650-653 in, 872 unsteadiness of, and unexplained falls, causes of, 856-857 assessment of, 637-657 classification of, 864, 865 examination of patient with, 643-646 due to gastroesophageal reflux, 859 examination of posture and gait in, due to iatrogenic trauma, 857-858 644 endoscopic surgery in, 866-869 neurologic examination in, 646 history of, based on causes, 857-861 Gait ignition failure syndrome, 644, 648 imaging studies in, 862-863 Gastroenterologic medications, dysphonia laryngeal electromyography in, 863 associated with, 775-776 laryngeal pacing in, 871 Gastroesophageal reflux, 785-787, 795 open surgery in, 870-871 and aspiration, in pediatric obstructive operative evaluation in, 863-864 sleep apnea syndrome, 55 pediatric, treatment of, 872 and laryngopharyngeal reflux, pediatric, physical examination in, 861-862 151-161 presentation of, 855-856 1404 CUMULATIVE INDEX 2000 Glottis (Continued) patient versus person with, 1373 pulmonary function tests in, 862 versus genetic disorder, 1372 surgical intervention in, indications Hearing loss, congenital, versus hereditary, for, 866-871 1370-1373 surgical options in, 873-874 definition of, 1370-1373 treatment of, 865-866 genetics and molecular biology of, 1367- Glottiscope, 1050-1051, 1052, 1053, 1054, 1394 1055 recent discoveries in, 1384-1387 Glottographic techniques, in dysphonia, in newborns and infants, otolaryngolo- 741-744 gists and, 1367-1370 Goldenhar’s syndrome, branchial nonsyndromic, and hearing impairment apparatus anomalies in, 1328 syndromes, 1372, 1373-1374 Goodhill, Victor, MD, 8 of professional singers, 933 Goretex medialization, in paralytic vertigo and, 479-480 dysphonia, 851 vertigo and dysequilibrium with, 535- Greig cephalopolysyndactyly, 1163 562 Growth impairment, in pediatric Heat, conservation of, during anesthesia, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, 55 31 Hemangioma(s), and vascular malformations, of airway, 209-220 pediatric, incidence of, 209-210 Hallpike-Dix test, 568, 569 spontaneous involution of, 210, 213 Head and neck, anomalies of, genetic treatment of, indications for, 210 evaluation and counseling in, subglottic, 1182 1159-1169 pediatric, 98-101 neonatal care of infants with, clinical presentation of, 210-211 1171-1189 evaluation of, 211-212 related to branchial apparatus, expected outcome in, 213 1309-1332 management options in, 212-213 birth trauma to, 1176-1178 treatment of, 100-101 in cystic fibosis and ciliary dyskinesia, Hematologic malignancies, prophylactic 1333-1342 antifungal agents in, 304-309 syndromic and other congenital anoma- Hemifacial microsomia, branchial lies of, 1159-1388 apparatus anomalies in, 1328-1329 Head injury, closed, bilateral vocal fold Hillyard, Victor, MD, 9 immobility in, 861 Histology laboratories, examination of dizziness in, management of, 667 fungal rhinosinusitis specimens in, Head position, as factor in voice 259-261 production, 1024 Histoplasmosis, sinusitis and, 264 Healy, Gerald, MD, 9, 10 Hearing impairment, hereditary, triazoles in, 288 Hoarseness. See Dysphonia(s). audiologic testing in, 1380-1383 Holinger, Paul, MD, 9 classification of, 1370, 1377 Hooper, F.H., 806, 807 genetic testing in, 1387-1390 Hopkins, Harold H., PhD, 11 history taking in, 1387 Hormones, dysphonia associated with, laboratory testing in, 1388 777-778 medical intervention in, 1389-1390 House, Howard, MD, 8 nonsyndromic, 1373, 1377-1380 Human papillomavirus, 1128-1129 penetrance, expressivity, and genetic Hyalohyphomyosis, sinusitis and, 266-268 heterogeniety in, 1375-1377 Hydrocephalus, and vascular white matter physical examination in, 1387 disease, as cause of falls and gait radiologic testing in, 1388 unsteadiness, 641 syndromic, 1372-1374, 1380-1383 normal pressure, 599 in abnormalities of mitochondrial DNA, Hypochondria, dizziness in, 607 1375 Hypomandibulopexy, in Pierre Robin in microtia atresia, 1353-1355 sequence, 1251 in velocardiofacial syndrome, 1225-1226 Hypothyroidism, in professional singers, inheritance patterns of, 1374-1375 934 versus deafness, 1371 Hearing impairment syndrome(s), and nonsyndromic hearing loss, 1372, 1373, 1380 Imbalance, definition of, 475