CUMULATIVE INDEX 1996 Volume 27 January SPINAL INFECTIONS, pages 1-210 April PERIPHERAL NERVE COMPRESSIONS OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY, pages 211-420 July PEDIATRIC ORTHOPEDIC ONCOLOGY, pages 421-668 October OCCUPATIONAL DISORDER MANAGEMENT, pages 669-915 Note: Page numbers of article and issue titles are in boldface type. Abduction with exercise test, for diagnosing thoracic Anatomy, of peripheral nerve, 211-214, 219-220, outlet compression syndrome, 284, 285 220-221 Abscesses, epidural. 10-11 of ulnar nerve, in arcade of Struthers, 319 diagnosis of, 126-127 in arm, 317-319 with imaging techniques, 22, 24 in axilla, 317 epidemiology of, 125-126 in cubital tunnel, 319, 321, 323 in immunocompromised patients, 38-39 in flexor carpi ulnaris, 323 neurosurgical care of, 125-136 in flexor-pronator aponeurosis, 324 outcome of, 129 in forearm, 324-325 pathophysiology of, 126 in medial intermuscular septum, 319 treatment of, 127-129 in space of Guyon, 325-326 intramedullary, 24, 130-131 Aneurysmal bone cysts, classification of, 609, 612 neurosurgical care of, 125-136 diagnosis of, 609 in spinal tuberculosis, 96 epidemiology of, 607-608 subdural, anatomy and, 129-130 pathogenesis of, 608 diagnosis of, 130 pathology of, 608-609 neurosurgical care of, 125-136 radiographic aspect of, 608 treatment of, 130 symptoms of, 608 Acromioclavicular joint, pathology of, 776 treatment of, 612-613 Actinomyces, as cause of vertebral osteomyelitis, Angiogenesis, in metastatic process, 427 antimicrobial therapy for, 11-12 Angiography, for staging of musculoskeletal neoplasms, Actinomyces israelii, as cause of vertebral osteomyelitis, 480 10 Ankle. See also Foot and ankle. Actinomycosis, 632-633 Action potentials, propagation of, in nerve physiology, injury to, 820-822 Anterior interosseous nerve syndrome, 230-231, 255, 221 342 Acute pain, versus chronic pain, 881-882 electrodiagnostic studies of, 239 Acute pediatric leukemia. See Leukemia, acute pediatric. intraepineurial constriction of nerve fascicles in, 339- Adhesive capsulitis, treatment of, 777 Adriamycin, for pediatric osteosarcoma, 547 344 Adson’s test, for diagnosing thoracic outlet compression Anterior spine, infections of, 5-6 syndrome, 281, 285 lesions of, in spinal tuberculosis, 95 Anterior tibia, as autogenous bone graft after resection AIDS, spinal infections with, 37-38 in children, 120 of bone tumor, 487-489 Alcoholic neuropathy, nerve compression with, 386 Antibiotics, for acute hematogenous osteomyelitis, 629 Alkaline phosphatase level, in detecting neoplasms in for pediatric spinal infections, 116-117 children, 434-435 for penetrating spinal injuries, 77 Amputations, lower extremity, 525-526 side effects of, 50-51 complications of, 527, 528 for spinal wounds, 139 efficacy of, 526-527 topical, for wound prophylaxis in spinal surgery, indications for, 527 51-52 and prostheses, 525-539 for wound infections in reconstructive spine surgery, upper extremity, 535-536 108 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), as differential for wound prophylaxis in spinal surgery, 47-52, 109 diagnosis of ulnar neuropathy, 233 Antimicrobial therapy, for spinal infections, 11-12 903 904 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1996 Apprehension-suppression test, for evaluating shoulder Body mechanics, ergonomics and, in work place, pain, 768 861-879 Apprehension test, for evaluating shoulder pain, 768 lifting techniques, 863-864 Arachnoiditis, 131-132 material handling, 864-865 diagnosis of, 132-133 pushing and pulling, 864 etiology of, 132 standing posture, 863 neurosurgical care of, 125-136 training programs for, 863 treatment of, 133-135 Bone cysts, unicameral and aneurysmal, 605-614 Arcade of Struthers, ulnar nerve anatomy in, 319 Bone grafts, autogenous. See Autograft reconstructions. Arm, anomalous nerve supply in, 249-250 Bone imaging, for detecting neoplasms in children, ulnar nerve anatomy in, 317-319 436-438 upper, compression of ulnar nerve in, 326-327 Bone infection. See Osteomyelitis. Arteriogram, for detecting neoplasms in children, 440 Bone scans, for diagnosing spinal infection, 39 Arthrodesis, spinal, for chronic neck and back pain, 743 of cervical spine, 54-55 Articular cartilage grafts, after resection of bone tumor, in children, 113 483, 486-487 Brachial plexus, decompression of, for thoracic outlet Aspergillus, as cause of epidural abscesses, 38 syndrome, 759-760 in pediatric HIV patients, 120 Brachial plexus syndromes, 247-248 Aspiration, for diagnosis of acute hematogenous Brachytherapy, for nonrhabdomyosarcoma, 555 osteomyelitis, 627-629 Bracing, external, for spinal infections, 40 of knee joint, for diagnosing knee injuries, 808 Brucella spp, as cause of vertebral osteomyelitis, 10 Attorneys, necessity of medical training for, in worker's Brucellosis, as cause of spinal infection, 4 compensation issues, 727 Burns, spinal infection and, 38 and physicians, in work-related disorders, 723-727 Bursitis, peripatellar, 811 role of, in case management for work-related injuries, 834-835 Autogenous bone grafts. See Autograft reconstructions. Autograft reconstructions, after resection of bone tumor Calcaneal fractures, in workers, 822 , 483-492 Candida albicans, as cause of vertebral osteomyelitis, 38 with anterior tibia, 487-489 Carpal tunnel, anatomy of, 345-346 with fibula, 485-486 Carpal tunnel release, 349-352 history of, 483-484 anatomic considerations in, 356-360, 374 with iliac crest, 484-485 communicating branch between ulnar and median with patellar articular cartilage, 486-487 nerves, 357 vascularized autogenous bone grafts, 489-490 fat pad, 357-358 Axilla, ulnar nerve in, anatomy of, 317 Guyon’s canal, 358-359 compression of, 326-327 hook of the hamate, 358 Axillary nerve, 234 interthenar fascia, 359-360 compressive neuropathy of, 398-402 median nerve, and flexor tendons, 359 Axonal degeneration, with compression syndromes, 222 palmar cutaneous branch of, 358 recurrent motor branch of, 357 superficial palmar arch, 357 Back pain. See Low back pain; Spine disorders, low back choosing surgical technique for, 369 and cervical. contraindications to, 367-368 Back schools, 863 endoscopic, 375-377 compared with open technique, 377-378 Baker’s cysts, in children, 652, 654 Benign cartilage tumors. See Tumors, benign cartilage. distal uniportal, 364 Benign soft-tissue lesions. See Soft-tissue lesions, benign. mixed reception of, 355-356 Biceps tendinitis, tests for evaluating, 768-769 pitfalls of, 373-380 treatment of, 776-777 proximal uniportal, 362, 364, 365 Biceps tension test, for evaluating shoulder pain, 768 two-portal, 360-362, 363 Biopsy, in children with bone and soft-tissue tumors, limited incision technique, mini-incision, 366-367 453-459, 461-463 two-incision, 367 decision to proceed with, 453-454 newer techniques of, 355-371 method of, 454-455 open, 374-375 placement of, 455-456 Carpal tunnel syndrome, 223, 255 postoperative care, 458 causes of, 228-229 techniques, Craig trephine system, 457 with cervical radiculopathy, 382-383 fine-needle aspiration, 456 chronic renal failure and, 387 open incisional biopsy, 457-458 clinical findings with, 229 Tru-cut needle biopsy, 457 conservative treatment of, 348-349 tissue examination, 458 diabetes mellitus and, 386 for diagnosis of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis, diagnosis of, 346-348 627-629 differential diagnosis of, 230 of pediatric soft-tissue sarcomas, 660 electrodiagnostic studies of, 239-240 of spinal infections, 40 epidemiologic studies addressing risk factors for, in children, 116 693-694 Blastomycosis, 632 etiology of, 346-348, 669-670 Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome, venous hypothyroidism and, 387 malformation with, 647 management of, 785-787 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1996 905 provocative tests for, 229-230 rhabdomyosarcoma and undifferentiated sarcomas, revision surgery for, 412-413 547 sensory examination for, 229 for pediatric soft-tissue sarcomas, 661 skin examination for, 229 for spinal tuberculosis, 95, 97, 98, 102 special diagnostic tests for, 250-251 Children, orthopedic oncology in, issue on, 421-668 surgical treatment of, 349-352 spinal infections in. See Spinal infections, pediatric. complications from, 351-352 Chondroblastomas, 587-589 modified incision for, 351 Chondromas, periosteal, 586-587 postoperative care, 351 Chondromyxoid fibromas, 587 results, 352 Chromosomes, and sarcomas, 422-423 standard incision for, 349-351 Chronic pain, versus acute pain, 881-882 symptoms of, 228, 345-354 causes of, 882-883 thoracic outlet syndrome with, 383-384 conservative care algorithm for, 885 work risk factors for, 697-699 functional restoration and, 885-888 Cartilage grafts, articular, after resection of bone tumor, occupational disorders and management of, 881-890 483, 486-487 treatment options for, 883-885 Cartilage tumors, benign. See Tumors, benign cartilage. Cisplatin, for pediatric osteosarcoma, 547 Case management, for work-related injuries, 831-840 Clostridium difficile infection, after cephalosporin use, 51 attorney involvement in, 834-835 Coccidioides immitis, as cause of vertebral osteomyelitis, case manager role in, 833 10 effective, 835 Coccidioidomycosis, 633 employer role in, 837-838 Compressive neuropathies. See also Nerve compression. history of case management, 832-833 differential diagnosis and pitfalls in electrodiagnosis light-duty programs and, 838-839 of, 245-252 physician/case-management team approach to, generalized neuropathies versus, 245-247 833-834 multiple, and double-crush syndrome, 381-388 practice settings for, 836-837 persistence of symptoms after surgical release of, referral process, 835-836 409-416 in workers’ compensation patients, 831-832 patient evaluation, 409-411 Cauda equina syndrome, 735, 743 revision surgery for, 411-415 Cefazolin, for wound prophylaxis in spinal surgery, 50 underlying neuropathy and, 224-225 Cell cycle checkpoints, and cancer formation, 426 unusual, of upper limb, 389-408 Central spinal lesions, of spinal tuberculosis, 95-96 axillary nerve, 398-402 Cephalosporins, adverse reactions to, 50-51 dorsal radial sensory nerve, 402-405 for pediatric spinal infections, 117 dorsal scapular nerve, 396 for wound prophylaxis in spinal surgery, 49-50, 109 intercostobrachial nerve, 396 Cerebral toxoplasmosis, in pediatric HIV patients, 120 long thoracic nerve of Bell, 391-393 Cervical-brachial disorder, occupational, 777 medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve, 402 Cervical radiculopathy, 247, 253-263 musculocutaneous nerve, 397-398 carpal tunnel syndrome with, 382-383 notalgia paraesthesia, 396 history and physical examination, 254-258 posterior interosseous nerve, 405 imaging studies of, 258-259 spinal accessory nerve, 389-391 management of, nonsurgical, 259 suprascapular nerve, 393-396 surgical, 259-262 of upper extremity, anatomical considerations of neuroforamen anatomy and, 253-254 peripheral nerve in, 211-218 Cervical spine disorders. See Neck disorders; Neck pain; electrodiagnosis in, 237-244 Spine disorders, low back and cervical. Computed tomography, for detecting neoplasms in Cervical spine infections, 53-67 children, 438, 440 clinical presentation, 53 for diagnosing cervical radiculopathy, 259 diagnostic evaluation, 54-56 for metastatic staging in children with neoplasms, 448 from fungi, 61 for neck and back pain evaluation, 737-738 hematogenous sources of, 60 for staging of musculoskeletal neoplasms, 480 from penetrating trauma, 60-61 Computer keyboards, ergonomics of, 867, 871 physical examination, 53-54 Computers. See Video display terminal work stations. postdiscography, 59-60 Costoclavicular compression test, for diagnosing postoperative, 56-59 thoracic outlet compression syndrome, 281, 285 from tuberculosis, 61 Costoclavicular space, thoracic outlet compression Cervical spondylitic radiculopathy, as differential syndrome and, 269-270 diagnosis of ulnar neuropathy, 233 Cost of medical care, versus charges, for postoperative Chairs, office, ergonomics of, 866 spinal infections, 171-172, 171-182 Charges versus costs, for medical care of postoperative Craig trephine system biopsy, in children with bone spinal infections, 171-172 and soft-tissue tumors, 457 Cheiralgia paresthetica, 233-234, 402-405 Cryptococcal meningitis, in pediatric HIV patients, 120 Chemotherapy, for Ewing’s sarcoma, 601-602 CT scanning, for diagnosing spinal infections, 17-19, 39 for Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis, 621 of cervical spine, 55 for pediatric musculoskeletal malignancies, 545-549 in children, 113 complications of, 547-548 Cubital tunnel, ulnar nerve anatomy in, 319, 321, 323 Ewing’s sarcoma, 547 Cubital tunnel compression, thoracic outlet syndrome general principles, 545-546 with, 383-384 osteosarcoma, 546-547 Cubital tunnel decompression, revision, 413-414 906 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1996 Cubital tunnel syndrome, 233, 787-788, 862 of median nerve compression, in proximal forearm, Cuboid fractures, in workers, 824 238-239 Cultures, of spinal infections, 40 at wrist, 239-240 Cumulative trauma disorders, 795-797 for neck and back pain evaluation, 739 etiology of, 669-670 of posterior interosseous nerve compression, 242-243 incidence of, 669 of radial nerve compression of mid-arm, 242 upper-extremity, causal relationship between work of superficial radial nerve compression, 243 and, 671 for thoracic outlet syndrome, 753 Cytogenetics, in evaluating pediatric bone and soft- of ulnar nerve compression, at elbow, 241 tissue tumors, 467-468 at wrist, 241 Cytomegalovirus, in pediatric HIV patients, 120 Electron microscopy, in evaluating pediatric bone and soft-tissue tumors, 464 Employers, role of, in case management for work- related injuries, 837-838 Dallas Pain Questionnaire, for outcome assessment in Enchondromas, 585-586 spinal infections, 202, 203, 204 Enchondromatosis, 586 Decompression, surgical, for spinal infections, 40 Endoprosthetic bone reconstruction, advantages and Deconditioning syndrome, from chronic pain, 882, 886 disadvantages of, 494-495 Dehiscence, tissue expanders for wound closure of, with expandable endoprostheses, 495-499 155-170 experience with, at University of California—Los Desks, ergonomics of, 866-867 Angeles, 500-501 Desmoid tumors, 659 after malignant tumor resection in skeletally imma- Diabetes mellitus, nerve compression with, 386 ture patients, 493-502 spinal infection and, 37, 39 with modular endoprostheses, 499-500 Digital nerve entrapment, 231 Endoscopy, for treatment of spinal infections, 184-198 Diphtheroids, as cause of spinal infection, 4 Enterococcus, as cause of spinal infection, 4 Disability, chronic, litigation and, 726 Eosinophilic granuloma, 615, 617 from neck and back pain, 741 Epicondylitis, work risk factors for, 697 prolonged, causes of, 671-673, 712-713 Epidemiology, definition, 680 Discectomy, for radiculopathy from disc herniations, study design issues, 680-681 743 using studies for inferring causality, 681-682 Disc herniations, radicular symptoms from, 741-742, of work-related musculoskeletal disorders, 679-709 743 of work-related spine disorders, 729-730 surgery for, 743 Epidural abscesses, 10-11 Discitis, overview of, 15 diagnosis of, 126-127 pediatric, etiology of, 111-112 with imaging techniques, 22, 24 treatment of, 116-117 epidemiology of, 125-126 Discography, cervical, infection after, 59-60 in immunocompromised patients, 38-39 Disc space infections, pediatric, 117 neurosurgical care of, 125-136 postsurgical, pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis and, outcome of, 129 87-94 pathophysiology of, 126 DNA index, in evaluating pediatric bone and soft-tissue postoperative, 92-93 tumors, 468 treatment of, 127-129 Dorsal cutaneous nerve, compression of, 332, 333 Ergonomics, and body mechanics in work place, Dorsal ganglionectomy, for arachnoiditis, 134-135 861-879 Dorsal radial sensory nerve, compressive neuropathy of tool use, 872-877 of, 402-405 of video display terminal work stations, 865-872 failure of surgical decompression of, 415 Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, in detecting neoplasms Dorsal rhizotomy, for arachnoiditis, 134-135 in children, 434 Dorsal scapular nerve, 235 Escherichia coli, as cause of spinal infection, 4, 9 compressive neuropathy of, 396 Ewing's sarcoma, 591-603 Double-crush syndrome, metabolic neuropathy chemotherapy for, 547, 601-602 associated with, 386-387 clinical presentation, 592 multiple compressive neuropathies and, 381-388 historic perspective, 591-592 Dysplasia epiphysialis hemimelica, 585 local disease control, 599-601 pathology of, 597, 599 pediatric radiation therapy for, 551-554 prognosis for, 592-593 Elbow, radial nerve entrapment around, 307-310 staging of, 593-597, 598, 599 ulnar nerve compression at, electrophysiologic studies Exostoses, 583-585 of, 241 ulnar nerve compression near, 328-332 Elbow disorders, work risk factors for, 697 Elbow tendinitis, epidemiologic studies addressing risk Failed knee surgery, 812-813 factors for, 691 Fasciitis, nodular, in children, 652 Electrodiagnosis, of anterior interosseous syndrome, 239 Fat pad, in endoscopic carpal tunnel release, 357-358 in compressive neuropathies of upper extremity, 237- Fibromas, chondromyxoid, 587 244 Fibromatosis, 659 differential diagnosis and pitfalls in, for diagnosing aggressive, in children, 650 compressive neuropathies, 245-252 infantile, 650, 652 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1996 907 Fibromyalgia, cumulative trauma disorders as variant thoracolumbar infections from, 69-80 of, 670 Guyon’s canal, in endoscopic carpal tunnel release, Fibrosarcoma, 659 358-359 Fibula, as autogenous bone graft after resection of bone tumor, 485-486 Fine-needle aspiration biopsy, in children with bone and soft-tissue tumors, 456, 461 Hand-arm vibration syndrome, epidemiologic studies Flexor carpi ulnaris, ulnar nerve anatomy in, 323 addressing risk factors for, 695 Flexor-pronator aponeurosis, ulnar nerve anatomy in, work risk factors for, 699 324 Handles, tool, ergonomics of, 872-873 Flexor tendons, changing orientation of, in endoscopic Hand-Schiiller-Christian disease, 615, 617 carpal tunnel release, 359 Hand-wrist tendinitis, epidemiologic studies addressing Flick test, in carpal tunnel syndrome, 230 risk factors for, 692 Foot and ankle, occupational disorders of, 815-829 work risk factors for, 697-699 biomechanical considerations, 815-816 HDMTX, for pediatric osteosarcoma, 546-547 classification of, 818-820 Health-status assessment, in occupational-health setting, estimation of impairment, 826 891-902 evaluation and treatment, 824-825 application of health-status instruments, 894-898 pain, stability, and motion, 816-818 challenges and limitations to, 898-901 prevention, 826-828 conceptualizatic: :o f health, 891-892 prognosis for, 825-826 criteria for selecting health-outcomes instruments, specific injuries, ankle, 820-822 893-894 forefoot, 824 measurement of, 892-893 midfoot, 822-824 Hemangiomas, in children, 645-647 posterior of foot, 822 Herniations, disc, radicular symptoms from, 741-742, Forearm, compression of ulnar nerve near, 332 743 internervous planes of, 214-217 surgery for, 743 proximal, median nerve compression of, electrodiag- Histology, in evaluating pediatric bone and soft-tissue nostic studies of, 238-239 tumors, 463-464 ulnar nerve anatomy in, 324-325 HIV infections, pediatric spinal infections with, 120 Fractures, calcaneal, in workers, 822 Hook of the hamate, in endoscopic carpal tunnel cuboid, in workers, 824 release, 358 distal tibial plafond, in workers, 821-822 Hospital charges, for medical care of postoperative Lisfranc, in workers, 822-823 spinal infections, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175-178 metatarsal, in workers, 824 Hyperabduction test, for diagnosing thoracic outlet navicular body, in workers, 824 compression syndrome, 281, 285 pathologic, with acute pediatric leukemia, 641-643 Hyperfractionated radiation therapy, for pediatric as clinical presentation of neoplasms in children, sarcomas, 555-556 433 Hypertrophic scar, after carpal tunnel release, 352 talar, in workers, 822 Hypothyroidism, carpal tunnel syndrome and, 387 Functional restoration, for chronic pain patients, 885-888 Fungal infections, of bone, 632-633 Ifosfamide, for pediatric osteosarcoma, 547 of spine, 4, 10, 61 Iliac crest, as autogenous bone graft after resection of Fusion, lower back, cost of medical care for bone tumor, 484-485 postoperative spinal infections from, 171-182 infections of, 7 perioperative risk factors for wound infections Imaging techniques, modern, for diagnosis of spinal after, 83-86 infections, 15-31 spinal, after spinal tuberculosis, 99-100 CT scanning, 17-19 F waves, in nerve conduction studies, 238 MR imaging, 19-22 radionuclide bone imaging, 16-17 routine radiography, 15-16 Immunocompromised host, spinal infections in, 37-46 Gallium scans, for diagnosing spinal infections, 39 clinical entities of infection, 38-39 in children, 113 clinical presentations, 39 Ganglia, in children, 652 diagnosis of, 39 Genetic mutations, in sarcomas, 422 pathophysiology of immunodeficiency and Germline p53 mutations, in sarcomas, 426 infection, 37-38 Gloves, for occupational hand protection, 873-874 treatment of, 39-41 Glucocorticoid steroids, for penetrating spinal injuries, Immunoperoxidase, in evaluating pediatric bone and 77 soft-tissue tumors, 464 Gluteus maximus flap, for spinal wound closure, Impingement sign, with shoulder pain, 768 145-148 Impingement syndrome, management of, 769-775 Glycocalyx, secreted by bacteria, 51 Impingement test, for evaluating shoulder pain, 768 Grade (G), of musculoskeletal neoplasms, 474 Infections, bone. See Osteomyelitis. Grafts, articular cartilage, after resection of bone tumor, fungal, of bone, 632-633 483, 486-487 of spine, 4, 10, 61 autogenous bone. See Autograft reconstructions. spinal. See Spinal infections. Green-Anderson growth remaining chart, 544 Intercostobrachial nerve, compressive neuropathy of, Gunshot wounds, to cervical spine, 60-61 396 908 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1996 Interscalene triangle, thoracic outlet compression Laparoscopy, for treatment of spinal infections, 187-194 syndrome and, 266-268, 271-272 Lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve, compressive Interthenar fascia, in endoscopic carpal tunnel release, neuropathy of, 397-398 359-360 Lateral pectoral nerves, 235 Intervertebral disc, anatomy of, 2-3 Latissimus dorsi muscle flap, for spinal wound closure, calcification of, in children, 112 141-144 Intradural infection, diagnosis of, with imaging Lead poisoning, from gunshot wounds, 77 techniques, 24, 27 Letterer-Siwe disease, 615, 617 Intramedullary abscesses, 24, 130-131 Leukemia, acute pediatric, orthopedic manifestations of, neurosurgical care of, 125-136 635-644 Ischemia, acute nerve, 222 mixed lesions, 640-641 Isotope scans, for staging of musculoskeletal neoplasms, osteolytic lesions, 640 480 osteopenia, 637 osteosclerosis, 640 pathologic fracture, 641-643 periosteal bone formation, 640 Karyotype, of sarcomas, 422-423 permeative pattern, 641 Kasabach-Merritt syndrome, hemangioma with, 647 radiolucent metaphyseal bands, 639-640 Keyboards, computer, ergonomics of, 867, 871 Lewis Expandable Adjustable Prosthesis, 495-498 Kiloh-Nevin syndrome. See Anterior interosseous nerve Lifting techniques, body mechanics and, 863-864 syndrome. Light-duty programs, for injured workers, 838-839 Knee injuries, occupational, 805-814 Liposomal MTP-PE, for pediatric osteosarcoma, 547 failed surgery for, 812-813 Lisfranc injuries, in workers, 822-823 laboratory tests for, 808 Litigation, in workers’ compensation cases, 726 osteoarthritis, 811-812 physician’s role in, 727 patellar tendinitis, 810-811 Longitudinal growth, percentage of, contributed by patient history of, 806-807 epiphyseal plates, 543 peripatellar bursitis, 811 Long thoracic nerve, 234-235 physical examination of, 807-808 Long thoracic nerve of Bell, lesions of, 391-393 quadriceps tendinitis, 810-811 Low back disorders. See also Low back pain. radiographic tests for, 808-809 epidemiology of, 683-684 treatment of, 809-810 personal risk factors for, 685-686 Knee joint aspiration, for diagnosing knee injuries, 808 psychosocial factors and, 702 Kyphotic deformity, and spinal tuberculosis, 96, 100 work risk factors for, 699-700 Low back pain. See also Low back disorders; Spine disorders, low back and cervical. acute, in work-injured patient, rehabilitation of, 841- Laboratory tests, for diagnosis of acute hematogenous 860 osteomyelitis, 626 treatment of, 846-855 for diagnosis of tuberculosis, 633 occupational factors associated with, 696 for evaluating pediatric bone and soft-tissue tumors, outcome studies of rehabilitation for, 842-845 434-435, 461-471 subacute, in work-injured patient, management of, biopsy, 461-463 855-858 cytogenetics, 467-468 rehabilitation of, 841-860 DNA index, 468 Lower back fusion, cost of medical care for electron microscopy, 464 postoperative spinal infections from, 171-182 fine-needle aspiration, 461 perioperative risk factors for wound infections after, histology, 463-464 83-86 immunoperoxidase, 464 Lower extremity, amputation of, 525-526 molecular studies, 468 complications of, 527, 528 after resection, 464, 467 efficacy of, 526-527 Labral lesions, treatment of, 777-778 indications for, 527 Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis, 615-623 prostheses for, 527, 529-535 biology of, 616 Ludington’s test, for evaluating shoulder pain, 769 classification of, 616 Lysholm Knee Rating Scale, as health status instrument, clinical presentation of, 617-620 893, 896, 898, 901 bone lesions, 618 central nervous system involvement, 620 cutaneous findings, 618 endocrine manifestations, 619 Maffucci’s syndrome, venous malformation and gastrointestinal tract involvement, 619 enchondromas with, 647 lymphatic involvement, 619 Magnetic resonance imaging, of acute hematogenous orodental involvement, 618 osteomyelitis, 626-627 otologic involvement, 618 for detecting neoplasms in children, 440-444 pulmonary findings, 619 for diagnosing cervical radiculopathy, 259 reticuloendothelial system, 618 for neck and back pain evaluation, 738-739 diagnosis and treatment of, 620-621 for staging of musculoskeletal neoplasms, 480 historical background, 615 Malnutrition, in patient with spinal infection, 33-36 incidence and epidemiology of, 617 Managed care, in work-related injuries, 711-721 pathology of, 616-617 active models of, 715, 716 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1996 909 case study of, 717-720 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as cause of spinal causes of prolonged disability, 712-713 tuberculosis, 4, 10, 95 cost control and, 712 Myelography, for diagnosing cervical radiculopathy, passive models of, 714, 716 258-259 performance indicators of, 716-717 for neck and back pain evaluation, 736-737 physician leadership in, 715-716 Myofascitis, with thoracic outlet compression syndrome, preparing for future of, 714 280 purpose of, 713-714 Margins, surgical. See Surgical margins. Martin-Gruber anastomosis, in upper extremity, 249-250 Material handling, body mechanics and, 864-865 NASS Low Back Pain Outcome Instrument, for outcome McGill Pain Questionnaire, for outcome assessment in assessment in spinal infections, 202-203 spinal infections, 202 Navicular body fractures, in workers, 824 mdm-—2, in sarcomas, 426 Neck Disability index, as health status instrument, 893, MDR-1, and P-glycoprotein, in sarcomas, 427 896, 897 Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve, compressive Neck disorders. See also Neck pain; Spine disorders, low neuropathy of, 402 back and cervical. Medial cutaneous nerve of arm and forearm, 235 epidemiologic studies addressing risk factors for, Medial intermuscular septum, ulnar nerve anatomy in, 688-689 319 work risk factors for, 687, 696 Medial pectoral nerves, 235 Neck pain. See also Neck disorders; Spine disorders, low Median nerve, changing orientation of, in endoscopic back and cervical. carpal tunnel release, 359 acute, in work-injured patient, rehabilitation of, 841- and communicating branch with ulnar nerve, in endo- 860 scopic carpal tunnel release, 357 treatment of, 846-855 compression of, 248, 255 subacute, in work-injured patient, management of, at proximal forearm, electrodiagnostic studies of, 855-858 238-239 rehabilitation of, 841-860 at wrist. See also Carpal tunnel syndrome. Neck tilting test, for diagnosing thoracic outlet electrophysiologic studies of, 239-240 compression syndrome, 281, 285 entrapment syndromes of, 227-231 Needle electromyography, 238 multiple compressions of, 384 Neoplasm(s), bone or soft-tissue, clinical presentation palmar cutaneous branch of, in endoscopic carpal tun- of, incidental radiographic findings, 433 nel release, 358 pain, 431 recurrent motor branch of, in endoscopic carpal tun- pathologic fractures, 433 nel release, 357 soft-tissue mass, 431-433 Meningitis, 7, 24 evaluation of child with, 431-451 cryptococcal, in pediatric HIV patients, 120 arteriogram, 440 from gunshot wounds, 74, 76 bone imaging, 436-438 Metastasis (M), of musculoskeletal neoplasms, 474-475 computed tomography of primary lesion, 438, Metastatic staging, in children with neoplasms, 445, 448 440 Metatarsal fractures, in workers, 824 conventional radiography, 435-436 Methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) injections, for laboratory tests, 434-435 unicameral bone cysts, 606-607 local radiographic analysis, 435-445 Mice, computer, ergonomics of, 871 metastatic staging, 445-450 Microbiology, of spinal infections, 9-11 MR imaging, 440-444 Microsurgical lysis, for arachnoiditis, 133 physical examination, 434 Mid-arm, radial nerve compression of, electrodiagnostic ultrasonography, 445 studies of, 242 incidence of, by age group, 433, 434 Mismatch repair genes, and cancer formation, 426 among gender and race, 433 Molecular studies, in evaluating pediatric bone and making the diagnosis, 453-459 soft-tissue tumors, 468 musculoskeletal, staging and surgery of, 473-481 MR imaging, for diagnosing spinal infections, 19-22, 39 shoulder pain from, 778 of cervical spine, 55-56 Nerve compressions. See also Compressive neuropathies. in children, 113-114, 116 chronic, 223-224 spinal tuberculosis, 97 peripheral, of upper extremity, issue on, 211-420 MTP-PE, liposomal, for pediatric osteosarcoma, 547 predisposing conditions and, 224-225 Multiple crush syndrome, 381, 384-386 recovery of nerve function after repair of, 224 Multiple heritable exostoses, 584-585 symptoms of, 225 Muscle flaps, for spinal wound closure, 140-148 types of, 221-223 Musculocutaneous nerve, 234 Nerve conduction studies, for compressive compressive neuropathy of, 397-398 neuropathies, 237-238 Musculoskeletal disorders, work-related, epidemiology for thoracic outlet syndrome, 753 of, 679-709 Nerve entrapments. See also Nerve entrapment industries and occupations at risk for, 684 syndromes. magnitude of problem, 682-684 work-related upper-extremity, carpal tunnel syn- personal risk factors for, 684-686 drome, 785-787 physical factors and, 686-700 causality and, 785 psychosocial factors and, 700-702 cubital tunnel syndrome, 787-788 Mutations, genetic, in sarcomas, 422 diagnosis of, 784 910 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1996 Nerve entrapments (Continued) Osteolytic lesions, with acute pediatric leukemia, 640 management of, 783-793 Osteomyelitis, acute hematogenous, 625-629 posterior interosseous nerve motor syndrome, 790 laboratory tests for, 626 pronator syndrome, 787 magnetic resonance imaging of, 626-627 radial sensory nerve entrapment, 790-791 nuclear medicine imaging of, 626 radial tunnel syndrome (posterior interosseous radiographic appearance of, 625-626 nerve pain syndrome), 789-790 treatment of, 627-629 ulnar nerve entrapment within the palm, 788-789 causes of, 10, 628 Nerve entrapment syndromes. See also Nerve chronic, 631-632 entrapments. mycotic, 632-633 of median nerve, 227-231, 248 neonatal, 629-630 of radial nerve, 233-234, 249 overview of, 15 of ulnar nerve, 231-233, 248-249 pediatric, masquerading as skeletal neoplasia, 625-634 Nerve ischemia, acute, 222 pyogenic vertebral, and postsurgical disc space infec- Nerves. See also specific nerves. tions, 87-94 basic physiology of, 221 subacute, 630-631 vascular supply of, 220 Osteopenia, with acute pediatric leukemia, 637 Nerve supply, anomalous, in arm, 249-250 Osteosarcoma, high-grade medullary, evaluation and Neurapraxia, 221, 222-223 treatment of, 577-578 Neurilemoma, in children, 648-649 high-grade surface, 580 Neurofibroma, in chiidren, 649-650 intramedullary (high-grade), 575-577 Neuroforamen, anatomy of, and cervical radiculopathy, juxtacortical, 578-580 253-254 low-grade intramedullary, 578 Neurologic compromise, from spinal tuberculosis, metastatic, 578 96-97, 100-101 multifocal, 580 Neurologic outcome, after penetrating spinal injuries, parosteal, 578-579 78, 79 pediatric, chemotherapy for, 546-547 Neuropathies, compressive. See Compressive neuropathies. periosteal, 579-580 Nodular fasciitis, in children, 652 secondary, 580 Nonrhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas, pediatric small cell, 577 radiation therapy for, 554-556 telangiectatic, 576-577 Notalgia paraesthesia, 396 and variants of, 575-581 Nuclear medicine imaging, of acute hematogenous Osteosclerosis, with acute pediatric leukemia, 640 osteomyelitis, 626 Oswestry Low Back Disability Questionnaire, as health Nutritional assessment, for spinal wounds, 138-139 status instrument, 202, 893, 895, 896, 897, 901 Nutritional status, in patient with spinal infection, Outcome assessment, in spinal infections, 201-205 33-36 Pain. See also specific locations of. Occupational disorder management, issue on, 669-915 chronic. See Chronic pain. Office chairs, ergonomics of, 866 as clinical presentation of neoplasms in children, 431 Ollier’s disease, 586 Palmar arch, superficial, in endoscopic carpal tunnel Oncogenes, in sarcomas, 423-424 release, 357 Oncology, pediatric orthopedic, 421-668 Palmar cutaneous nerve, injury to, after carpal tunnel Open incisional biopsy, in children with bone and soft- release, 351 tissue tumors, 457-458 Pancoast’s syndrome, as differential diagnosis of ulnar Opportunistic infections, in pediatric HIV patients, 120 neuropathy, 232 Orthopedic oncology, pediatric, issue on, 421-668 Paradiscal lesions, of spinal tuberculosis, 95 Orthopedic surgeon, role of, in work-related disorders, Parascapular muscle strains, treatment of, 777 675 Patella, as autogenous bone graft after resection of bone Ossification centers, of lower extremity, 542 tumor, 486-487 of pelvis, 542 Patellar tendinitis, 810-811 of thorax, 541 Pathologic fractures, with acute pediatric leukemia, of upper extremity, 541 641-643 Osteoarthritis, occupational, of knee, 811-812 as clinical presentation cf neoplasms in children, 433 Osteoblastoma, in children “nd ad -‘escents, clinical Patients with work-related disorders, choice of doctor presentation, 567 by, 725-726 clinicopathologic features and treatment of, 559-574 obligations of, 724 pathologic features, 568, 570 Pediatric orthopedic or. 9. ». . issue on, 421-668 radiologic features, 567-568, 569 Penetrating spinal injuric. oi cervical spine, 60-61 variants of, 570-572 thoracoiumbar infections in, 69-81 Osteocartilaginous exostoses, 583-585 Periosteal bone formation, with acute pediatric Osteochondromas, 583-585 leukemia, 640 Osteoid osteoma, in children and adolescents, clinical Periosteal chondromas, 587 presentation, 559-561 Peripatellar bursitis, 811 clinicopathologic features and treatment of, 559-574 Peripheral nerve, anatomical considerations of, in pathologic features, 562-563, 565 compressive neuropathies of upper extremity, radiologic features, 561-562, 564 211-218 treatment, 563, 566-567 anatomy of, 211-214, 219-220, 220-221 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1996 911 Peripheral nerve compressions, of upper extremity, entrapment syndromes of, 233-234 clinical diagnosis of, 227-236 multiple compressions of, 385-386 issue on, 211-420 superficial, compression of, electrophysiologic study Peripheral nerve sheath tumors, 659-660 of, 243 p53 gene, sarcomas and, 424425, 427 Radial nerve entrapment, 305-315 P-glycoprotein, in sarcomas, 427 around the elbow, 307-310 Phalen’s sign, in carpal tunnel syndrome, 229-230, 348 around the wrist, 310-311 Physicians, and attorneys, in work-related disorders, case reports of, 312-315 723-727 proximal radial nerve palsy, 306-307 necessity of legal training for, in worker’s compensa- of terminal branch of posterior interosseous nerve, tion issues, 727 311-312 role of, in case management for work-related injuries, Radial nerve palsy, proximal, 306-307 833-834 Radial sensory nerve entrapment, management of, in managed care in work-related injuries, 715-716 790-791 in work-related disorders, 675 Radial tunnel syndrome, 233, 308-310 Pilon fractures, in workers, 821-822 failure of surgery for, 415 Popliteal cysts, in children, 652, 654 management of, 789-790 Posterior interosseous nerve, compression of, 405 Radiation oncology, pediatric, current controversies in, electrodiagnostic studies of, 242-243 551-557 entrapment of terminal branch of, 311-312 for Ewing’s sarcoma, 551-554 Posterior interosseous nerve motor syndrome, for nonrhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas, management of, 790 554-556 Posterior interosseous nerve pain syndrome, Radiation therapy, hyperfractionated, for pediatric management of, 789-790 sarcomas, 555-556 Posterior interosseous nerve syndrome, 233, 307-308 for pediatric soft-tissue sarcomas, 661 Posterior spine, infections of, 6 Radiculopathy, with neck and back pain, 733-735, Posture, standing, body mechanics and, 863 741-742, 778 Pressure relief, for spinal wounds, 139 Radiographs, for diagnosing spinal infections, 15-16, 39 Pressure ulcers, 140 of cervical spine, 54 Professional fees, for medical care of postoperative in children, 113 spinal infections, 171, 172-173, 178-179 spinal tuberculosis, 97 Prolo scale, for outcome assessment in spinal infections, for neck and back pain evaluation, 736 203, 204 plain, of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis, 625-626 Pronator syndrome, 339-342 for metastatic staging in children with neoplasms, intraepineurial constriction of nerve fascicles in, 339- 448 344 of neoplasms in children, 435-436 management of, 787 for staging of musculoskeletal neoplasms, 479-480 Pronator teres syndrome, 230 Radiography, for detecting neoplasms in children, revision surgery for, 414 435-445 Propionibacterium acnes, as cause of spinal infection, 4 arteriogram, 440 Prostheses, lower extremity, 527, 529-535 bone imaging, 436-438 rotationplasty, 513, 535 computed tomography, 438, 440 upper extremity, 535-536 MR imaging, 440-444 Protein energy malnutrition, as cause of plain radiographs, 435-436 immunodeficiencies, 38 ultrasonography, 445 Proteus mirabilis, as cause of spinal infection, 4 for detecting tuberculosis, 633 Proteus spp, as cause of vertebral osteomyelitis, 9 Radiolucent metaphyseal bands, with acute pediatric Proximal nerve syndromes, of upper extremity, 247-248 leukemia, 639-640 Proximal radial nerve palsy, 306-307 Radionuclide bone scans, for diagnosing spinal Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as cause of spinal infections, 4, infections, 16-17 9-10, 38 in children, 113 antimicrobial therapy for, 11 Radioscintigraphy, for metastatic staging in children in drug abusing patients, 48, 50, 87 with neoplasms, 445, 448 postoperative, 48 Reconstructive spine surgery, for back wounds, Pushing and pulling, body mechanics and, 864 postoperative care of, 148-149, 151 Pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis, and postsurgical disc staged, nutrition and, 34 space infections, 87-94 wound infections in, 105-110 diagnosis of, 106-107 prevention of, 109-110 risk factors for, 105-106 Quadriceps tendinitis, 810-811 treatment of, 107-108 Quadrilateral space syndrome, 398-402 Rehabilitation, of acute and subacute low back and Quality of life, and outcome assessment in spinal neck pain in work-injured patient, 841-860 infections, 202 for shoulder pain, 778-780 Renal failure, carpal tunnel syndrome and, 387 Retinoblastoma gene, sarcomas and, 424 Retro pectoralis minor space, thoracic outlet Radial nerve, anatomy of, 305-306 compression syndrome and, 270 compression of, 249, 256 Rhabdomyosarcoma, 657-658 at mid-arm, electrodiagnostic studies of, 242 chemotherapy for, 547 912 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1996 Roos test, for diagnosing thoracic outlet compression from labral lesions, 777-778 syndrome, 284, 285 from neoplasms, 778 Rotationplasty, 503-523, 526 from parascapular muscle strains, 777 classification of, 503 patient history of, 765-766 complications from, 513, 521 physical examination for, 766-769 functional results with, 513 rehabilitation for, 778-780 general surgical technique for, 503-512 from trauma, 776 indication for, 503 in work place, 763-781 prostheses for, 535 Shoulder tendinitis, epidemiologic studies addressing prosthesis materials, 513 risk factors for, 690 prosthetic care, 513 Sickle cell anemia, spinal infection and, 37 type AI, 505-506 Sickness Impact Profile, for outcome assessment in type AII, 506, 507 spinal infections, 202 type BI hip, 506, 508 Site (T), of musculoskeletal neoplasms, 474 type BII hip, 508 Soft-tissue and tendon disorders, occupational, of upper type BIII hip, 508 extremity, 795-803 Round blue cell tumors, 658-659 clinical evaluation, 800-802 objective findings, 797 reasonable subjective findings, 797-799 treatment of, 802 Saltatory conduction, in nerve physiology, 221 unreasonable subjective findings, 799-800 Sarcoma-associated antigen (SAS), in sarcomas, 426 Soft-tissue lesions, benign, in children, 645-654 Sarcomas, molecular biology of, 421-429 fibromatosis, 650, 652 cancer as a multi-step process, 425-426 ganglion, 652 chromosomal abnormalities, 422-423 hemangiomas, 645-647 genetic mutations, 422 neurilemoma, 648-649 germline p53 mutations, 426 neurofibroma, 649-650 oncogenes, 423-424 nodular fasciitis, 652 patient care, 427 popliteal cysts, 652, 654 P-glycoprotein/MDR-1 and other drug resistance vascular malformations, 647 genes, 427 Soft-tissue mass, as clinical presentation of neoplasms tumor suppressor genes, 424-425 in children, 431-433 pediatric soft-tissue, 655-664 Soft-tissue sarcomas, pediatric. See Sarcomas, pediatric biologic issues, 655-656 soft-tissue. biopsy techniques for, 660 Space of Guyon, ulnar nerve anatomy in, 325-326 clinical presentation and initial evaluation of, 656- Speed's test, for evaluating shoulder pain, 768 657 Spinal accessory nerve, 235 histologic subtypes, fibrosarcoma, fibromatosis, and lesioas of, 389-391 desmoid tumors, 659 Spinal arthrodesis, for chronic neck and back pain, 743 peripheral nerve sheath tumors, 659-660 Spinal cord stimulation, for arachnoiditis, 133-134 rhabdomyosarcoma, 657-658 Spinal infections, 6-7. See also Wound infections. round blue cell tumors, 658-659 of cervical spine, 53-67 synovial sarcoma, 659 clinical presentation, 53 incidence of, 655 diagnostic evaluation, 54-56 planning surgical resections of, 661-662 from fungi, 4, 61 principles of adjuvant treatment, 660-661 hematogenous sources of, 60 radiation therapy for, 554-556 from penetrating trauma, 60-61 Scalenectomy, cervical, for thoracic outlet compression physical examination, 53-54 syndrome, 289-293 postdiscography, 59-60 Scalene injection, for thoracic outlet compression postoperative, 56-59 syndrome, 286-287 from tuberculosis, 61 Scoliosis, pediatric spinal infections after surgery for, classification of, 183-184 121-122 by anatomic location, anterior spine, 5-6 Sensory branch entrapment, of radial nerve, 310-311 iliac crest infections, 7 Serum albumin, for assessing nutritional status, 33-34 posterior spine, 6 SF-36, as health status instrument, 892, 895, 896, 897, spinal canal, 6-7 898, 901 diagnosis of, by modern imaging techniques, 15-31 Shoe design, for preventing occupational foot and ankle CT scanning, 17-19 disorders, 826-827 MR imaging, 19-22 Shoulder anatomy, 763-765 radionuclide bone imaging, 16-17 Shoulder disorders, cervical radiculopathy mimicked routine radiography, 15-16 by, 256-257 epidemiology of, 4 Shoulder musculoskeletal disorders, work risk factors history of, 1, 87 for, 696-697 in immunocompromised host, 37-46 Shoulder pain, from acromioclavicular joint pathology, clinical entities of infection, 38-39 776 clinical presentations, 39 from adhesive capsulitis, 777 diagnosis of, 39 from biceps tendinitis, 776-777 pathophysiology of immunodeficiency and infec- from cervical radiculopathy, 778 tion, 37-38 from impingement syndrome, 769-775 treatment of, 39-41