... ' -� TheO riin g ofN egatiDviea lectics TheoWd.oA rd orno, WaltBeern jamin, antdh Fer ankIfnusrtti tute SusBaunc k-Morss THE FREEP RESS Diviosfi on 1.1 Ma ·rnilPluabnl isChoi.nI,gn c. NEW YR K 'oplya t�l1t9 7b7y SuBsuacnk -Morss Alrli ghrtess ervNeod p.a rotf t hibso okm ayb er eproduocret dr ansmiitnat neydf oromr byu nym eanse,l ectroornm iecc hani,ic naclludpihnogt ocopyriencgo,r doirnb gy,a nyi n­ formtain s toraagnedr etriseyvsatle wmi,t hopuetr missiworni tiifnnr go mt heP ublisher. TheF rePer ess A DivisoifoM na cmilPluabnl isChoi.nI,gn c. 866T hirAdv enuNee,w Y ork, N1.00Y2.2 CollMiaecrm ilClaanna dLat,d . LibraorfCy o ngreCsast alCoagr Ndu mber7:6 5-5103 Printientd h eU niteSdt atoefsA m erica priinntngu mber 1 2 3 4 58 69 1 07 Libraroyf C ongresCsa talogiinngP ublicatiDoant a Buck-MoxsSsu,s an. Theo rigionf n egativdei alectics. Bibliographyp:. Includeisnd ex. l. Adorno, TheWo.d,ol r9 03-l9692.. Benjamin, Walterl,8 92-l940.3 . Frankfurt am !:lain.I nstitufUrt sozialforschunIg.. T itle. B3l99.A34B8 l93 76-55103 ISBN0 -02-904910-5 To parents my ); "• Contents Prf acixe Chp te1r. IntelleBcetguianln iAn gBsi:o graphEiscsaa1ly Frn kfaumrM ta i,1; nV inen1a1;,F reaundMd a r1x7;,B eralniWdna lter Benjamin,20 Chp tre2 . MarxM inutsh eP roletaTrhieaotr:ay s P rax2i4s Ador"nDoli'easc ltM iactiaearl,i2"4s ;Rm ecepotfLi uokna2 5c;Rs ej,ec tin oft hPer ole2t8;aT rhAiera ttai,Wss o tr rk3,e2; T hEex amopfRl eeov ulitn · urMyu s3i7c , Chp tr 3 . Dialectics IwdietnhtoiuTtthy e:I deoaf N aturHails tory 43 IJ!rsyat nAd estFhoert,4mi3 ;cT hLeo sTtol tiaHtiys:t oFrrayg mi1e nn t 4.5N;o n-Idetnitya nd HiRsetloar,t4i9 ic;Nv aailrtt auyHli staonHrdiy s ­ locl'laNla tu5r2;eT ,h Deo ubClhea raocfC toenrc 5e7p ts, Chp tr 4 . A Logioc fDi stiengratTihoenO :b ject 63 Thor giinso fNe gtavieD iale63c;Tt hiCeco sn,c Praerttaeiar nc tduh le 1>01111a o fB orugePohilioss o6p9;Uh nyi,n itoenTnaurtlt,7 h7 Chp tr 6 . A Logiocf D isintegrTahteiR oonl:eo ft heS ubject82 'l'hol1naadls lu vbjledco tf· x pr ieen,2c8;xEacFtan atsyM:im tiTcran s· l"or1l1o 1n1u 8 5T;h Nea me8,8 ;C otnestJJ.oian9 s0 , C!lta6p.l Tohr M thd inA tin :C n�trtu igC n nstl ltain 96 l'crplllonso f nstr·tul n ,9 6H;i storlicmuulg 1c0s1 1 v viiiCO NTENTS Chapt7e.r TheM ethoidn A ctioLni:q uidating IIdlela lism MaterPirao1lo11 f;D, e coKdiienrgk deT:gh aIeam raogfte h Beo urgeois lnuJ1r1i4e ur, Chapt8e.r Theorayn dA rtI:n S earcohfa M odell22 TheA estthieEcx per1i2e2S;n ucrelr,ie asasMm o d:eT lhEex perience of Hash12i4s;C hr,i toifSc uirslrmie :sAa mtolniaatsMy o d1e2l7;T, h Aee sthe­ tiMc odaenlId tL si m1i3t2 s, Chapt9e.r TheA dorno-BenjDaembiant Pea.r 1t: T heI ssu1e3s6 Emigr1a36t;Oi roingo,ift nhDsee ba13t9e;B ,e njaJmainnuc's,es1-4 1F a PoliatnAidrc tTs'e scl hongoRiecpadrluo ct,14i 6o n Chapte1r0 .T heA dorno-BenjDaembiant Pea.r ItI P:o ilticDailf fere1n5c1e s AdorJnooit nhIsen st1i51t;Tu htFeei ,rB satu deElsas:iEa rxyet inocft ion thCeo gnSiuteibcvj1t5e5, ;T hSee coBnadu deElsasiEarxyet: i nocftt hieo n HistloS rujibec1c5at9 , Chapt1e1r. TheA dorno-BenjDaembiant Pea.r 3t: R equie1m64 ThIes oloaftt hiIeom nm itg1,r64 ;a Bnenijsna m'ThoenHs iesst,1 o 68;r y SocPihayls oimoeigs17n,5 ;T hAeu thorPietrasroi1na7a7n l ity, Chapt1e2r. E pilogTuhee:M ethoodf N egatiDviea lect1i8c5s Note1s9 1 Bibliogr3a0p7h y Inde3x2 3 Preface Int h1e69 0Tsh,e oWd.Ao dro rnboea cmteh meo scto ntrrsotivhaeelo iraoenft i c thGee 1mNaenwL e fHtea. n d HMoarxk hheairdme eers tatbhelexi isIlnshiete­dd tufturS oziaolrfsch(Iunnsgt fiotSruo tcReie asle )ai rnFc rhankaffuttrehwtrea r, ansdi nHcoer kmheerri'est ire1m9e5nA9td, o irhnna obd e eanc tdiinrge ctor. ThIen stwihtiusctphee ,tn htNe a zyie airnts h Uen itedw aSistd aetineetsdi, f witChr itTihceaoalrn y ,o rmiegtihnooafFdl r deou-Maarnxailstyths adites ­ velotpheewdrh eeH nok rhmeeifirr bsetc admier eicn1t 39o1arn d HMearrb­ert cuwsaeos n oefi tmso riel lusmtermiboeurss . CritTihceaollro yo tkoeM adr xaissm mea t hodt hraaac nto hsemro alnodg y, itc onsiddiearleetdch tiintckoabi lent ghc eo roeft h.maett h-oddi alaesc tics thteo ol for a csroictiiecftaroybl ,u ianlnmodaetilpt nyhagsy isssiy csoatfle ms. Instoefta rdy tionf gipt r esheinsttc oornidcaidlto igomnasti incMtaaolr lxyi st theoirtay p,p lMiaerdxm 'esth tootd h per esaenndt c,ir tisto iftq humeeo st contemppsoyrcaihrcoypal,hlo e gnoomflea nbtaoe u rgseocoi-itesht "eyc ulture indu,sm"ta rsmyse dcioaon,rf missmp-otkose t udoeftn htfiesf tainesdsi xties witahnu grenwchyi acc hl asasniacloayfwlsa iglsea bwoorun lodht a ve da.ch ieve Itcsr itoiftc hipesa mt toefar untsh ioardnio timanratwiitobhnoi unr gseoociise ty appltiote hpdeu rpdol"ryrt eevolustoicoinoeafStr oiyveR"isu e stas niEdaa stern Euroapwsee ll. Thien telilneflcutoeufnAac dleo rannHodo rkhweaism eerv etnh agnr eater thoaft Mawrhcocu hsoets,ose t ianyt hUen itSetdaa tse sth,ha aedd y ce isive impoancn too tn beu,st u csciegvseen eroapft oisotsnwtsau rdT ehneatyts t.r acted somoeft hbee tsott hIen sttihtfeui tprels,ati c npe o stGwearrm wahneyr e one cousltdu Mdayr xsioscti aonlFdor gdeyiu pasny chionol rodgteyocr o mprehend analytthifeca aslcwlihysi hmca hod u tltahweebmdo tThh.pe r eemionfteh nec e Insthiatidut stsoe u irnct ehp ea raodfio txhs i stosirtioucn:aai tltmi se mbers werteto aillmym erseGde riminan ntt ehletl reacdtwiuhtaiitlcoh hnec yr itdi.c ize ExilHedil tebbreyc atuhsweeye rLee fatnids tJ tehwe"isoseuh t,s" p irdoevrisded byt ehipres ronsaulr vainrvdtea ulra ln i tnot hbee osftt hGee rmpaans t, its k Enlhietgnmenta nhdu manitsrati dtion,w hitcehhN azeix perhiaednb cuaetl l oblitedr.art i tiTchaelo rayv s tud ntst eh ppr utnyit tor j c tt heG ermany oft h1 ft hr sn dy tf in11h d m ini tlsn ItI t ualt radnisItt.sl a nalywsaiss be I I11U:FACE 1h olthh neagticvrei taintqdhu peeo sirteidveem opftt hiGaoetnr mGaeni st loIh d p orvesnu cahna mbivlaelgeaancntiyd pt, l aaynei dm porrtoalnet in rm ny'si tnellreecctounaslt Arlumcostsiitno gnl.e hAadnodraenndHodlo yr k- reetsablisakh iendod fr adicaaln aslwoyhcsiiricaeshll egiMtairmxiizsetd 11r 1nklsnot aha,ti otn caeg abicena mpea orftt h nea tipoonlaidlte ibcaAatsale . ltiUi!tth,ou gh thesyh unanfiefrdm aptoilviept,ai rctailc tihpeawitorir okn , di nrdeicttotl hyee n odf t hCeh ristianm onDoelmiortcuhrliaect s' oonbturt ndt hvei ctoirn1y 97ofW1i lBlriaen Sdoitca'Dlse mocPraarttiyc. Buta tt ehh eiogfth hts et udmeonvte mtehngeto w aalrs e volution rather rmT.h dee monstorfwa otrikaoennrsdsst udiePnna trisinM s a y1,69 8 11m dt Incdaitthesa otc iraelvioslwtua tnsio ootnn ld ye sibruaptbo lses ible. ct ntIsn eramneyn tearnae ndt iautphhoarosifcet oa urnitaenra cnudl ture n roaht p raWxhiesr.e as iMnta hrUecn uistSeet dag taevsseo mdee gorfe e o t 1s pupotrot sauccthiA vdiosrman,tto hF er aunrkItfn stdiitnduo tte. esul,ty ournagd iwchahola sd sbheoofrrcterl oyw tdheaedi stlohe esta hre 111 o t, I quenAtd orsnpoe oanHk e geLlog'oiscr G oe'tIshph eigedneias,- hisl etcurTehsea.yt tahcikbmece da usree vhoilsu tthieoonrayr ys eemed pt to1 a vn spacef ror evonlaurptyri ao.Ix inMs ay1 699s,t udoecnctustp hiee d 1 tiutt, a ndw heAnd oornd indo thtiosn tgto hppe o lfiorcmee v ictthienmg, th1 sn s fb t aryawla csm pleAtdeno.orm ewti tShD Sl eadwehrohs a,d 1 ned rm himth irrda iccartlcii isomfs ocibeutntyo cwh arhgiewmdi tnho t c I ughH.e t 1 thm tahtpr c isbeleyc aou'fhs irese volutionary I n r histt at is a inf fcetive,a nhdew a csl ewaorrlryi ed 'l m en wt lh ry.h i rglo rfiicaitoonfa cnti,toh eir , d vet lr h ashisl hd th aboivrpetr otoeft shiten tel- vanatrd•#o fhla w gern t n,whi·hahdrpoenvonmahtfcrofsaci.s m y I n thaet ducntc n ntta nh a spardw elble yoFnrdau ntrkO.fn e oth,es t u t seJ1 I sv td t o trei.Dk uritnhgayt eaIwr a,ss t udy- ng n n,u n thd siruptiono fte hu nivrestiyi tnh seu mmoef1r 69 9w as 1 y Int rd ut olnto M rxitsehtr yi ng enearntadolA d orinnpo a rtiTchuel ar. unJvr isteis wtewnrede o verc ottnoi nudoeusb ianptl ee nsaersys io"wnosr ka nd groupwsh,re"et h ew ritoifAn dgosrH nokorh,e iamneMdra rcbuusatel M,sa or x, LenainnMd a woe re aotrdt eafcekwneiddtpe had s sion. Thset udsetnrwtie kraeenis n telelxepcltoausnatidlho ehnya,s d o mlea sting succients rsa nsftohrpemo iwnsegtr r u,ct thsueylr laebaunstd,h mee htoodf instriunGc etrimuoannni veBrusitian tc iheiste.hv emiinajrgog ro -atlh fero ma­ tioofnar evoluptoilolinm taoirvcyea m-esnttu dheenrwtees rn eom to rseu c­ ceuslts hfainno thWeers tceorunn tarniAded so,rs nkoe'pst wiacpsie srmh aps justTihfpeio esds.io bffiru ltihdteiyrau leho,og wewvaesr s,ch uowtrh teA ndo rno diesdue dndlfyrmo hae aarttt ianAc ukg uosftt h at year. aTnthie­ euphoria of authoridtiasrsiiaapnnatidhts seeme d no,sfs oe l idatrhiauttynd rltashyr i eIbJ ion againEsstta btlihsehbme geanttno r eveiasltu pr ficialityS.om stuntdss t,un g byr mr s,b cam ardn t aptoslf o r Agdir noa,t tempttiopnrog v eh i1sg il· lm cya st hh olorf th trudlotflM oanr xO.th erab undonhoidm u su p retender, Prefacxei antdu rnteoLd e noirMn a oo nq uestoifto hnesoa rnoydr ganizdaitsiceoi.np alli n A fwe (inclAundgienDlgaa v wihso s tudwiietAdhd orfnroo 1m9 66-1967) jointehCedo mmunPiasrTtth yse.e critsaatunrg gtlhefasotl l owsepdl inttheer ed New Laenfodtn ,e t hocefa suawlattshi Ieen ss tiittsuetlef . WheInr eturtno edG ertmhafenlo yl owsiunmgm ebre gtrioen s efaorrc h thsitsu tdhyFe,ar nkfIunrstt wiatmsuu tsee umalnidk eg shoislHteolnrytk .h eimer waisnr etirieMnmo enantgtn oSlwai,t zewrhleahrneded i ,ie 1nd9 7.T3 hyeo unger generoaftC irointT ihceaolrh iasmdto sv eedl sewjhoeirnreee,ds e ianrscthi tutes oru nivefrcasuilttayin edhs a,d btehgeuinr t hoewonr wertiitcJiatnlig r.g en Habertmhasese ,n imoerm boefrt hisse cognedn erastoiomonon v,e dt hteo InstifturuF tri edeonrssfchiunSn tga rnwbheerhrgeeb, e gaal no ng-stoecrimo ­ psycholojgeicTcthace.lr ipotrfCio rcist Tihceaoclro yn grelgaartigenBed el yr lin, whejroenu arllisAk ltee rnastitmviaeld lse p oraatdtiaaccg kasit nhrseet v isionism oft hFer aunrkStfc hool. Ast haeu raani dm medpiraetseoe fnt hcIeen stbietgutatoene v arpaotteh,e questoifho ins toricbaelc aosmrieig gniinfiHsco awn twi.att sh aAtd orannod Horkheeirbm,o rantt hteu ronft hcee ntaunrrdye airneW de imar Culture, be­ camteh aer ticuolfat a hteoworrhsyi h cahal c fe ntluartcyea rp taum roevde ment renown for rijetesc toyiftoo runat dhi,t iiotns oafan gdeW s?h uahstip sitcoiro­n icnaelt wloirnkkt ehAedm eriwciattnhh G ee rmNaenwL efatnl de ndo otn ly AngeDlaav biusat,w hoglreo oufps tudfernottmsh U en itSetdat tose tsu adty thIen stiintF urtaen kIfwutra atsn? A meriMcaarntJ,ia nwy h,ow rotthefe i rst scholhairsltoyoft r hyIe n sutt,ite traciitdnseg v elofprmo1em9n2 t31 -590.I*n a pioneeeffroirontfgi ntellreocatdu-amlaJ papuyin nega,ra tw heebd c oofn ­ nectwihoinecsmh b raasc uerrsip silnagrlgye soefWge miemcanurtl tHuibrsoe o.k discuthsiesn evso lvoefTm heenotAd doorr Wnaol,tB eejrna mEirni,Fc rho mm, LeLoo wentHhearlbM,ea rrtc -usaleal to ntei me meomftb heer sI nstitute's "innceirr c-laen"od t hwehrsoa sm embejrosu,r nal cofinrnetdrsoir,b utors, enemiesa r polilantey h eIedn stihtiusttTeoh'rlesyi .s t raer aodssot ftel hrii kse centuirnyt'esl lIencctluuwadelersHde.a nnAarle1n Rdaty,m oAnrdo n, Bruno BeetltheBiemr,tB orletcE hrtn,s t BlKoicrhc,mh ehOrSet,iit eog fKrriaecda uer, PauLla zaerl,sGd feoLrug kaKcasrM,la nnh,eP iamul MassiMnagn,n ,T homas FraNnezu maFnrni,e dProilclhWo iclkh,eR lemi cGhe,r shSocmh olPeamu,l Tilhla,in cKda rAlu guWsitt tfogel. Jaqyu ite crhiogtshofetco' lu hysis st uodnMy a xH orkheaintmdhe dere cades oft het hirtainefsd o rwthiiewcseh r Heo rkhemiomseptrr 'osd uycetaiFrvoseir. t wasH orkheimwehr o helInds tttihotegu etatesih wetar n defrreoGdme rmany toN ewYo rk, fNroemwY ortkoC aolrinfainabd,a cakg atioFn r nakfusritx teen yearsl ateArn.d .i tw as Horkheimwehor, b yi nsppierrisnlogon yaall ty, managed lom aintaai ne dgreeo ft heoretciochaels iveanmeosnsgt h es rtongl-ewbdir,li l­ laintliyn idvidualtihsitnikcet rwos h ohmeg a vien telleacntdeu caoln omsihce lter. l fiiM t ny ,Th Dialc tla /I maginatio!itnst :o royf t h Frankfucrhto ol andt h fn·ttnotjt' Stoa fl cwrch, -1199.520 stn :• !ttl, wn,l7 .