The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Old Sixth Regiment, Its War Record, 1861-5, by Charles K. Cadwell This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. Title: The Old Sixth Regiment, Its War Record, 1861-5 Author: Charles K. Cadwell Release Date: September 23, 2015 [EBook #50047] Language: English Character set encoding: UTF-8 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK OLD 6TH REGIMENT, WAR RECORD, 1861-5 *** Produced by Carol Brown and The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive) Transcriber’s Note: This text is encoded in UTF-8 (Unicode). If the apostrophes and quotation marks appear as garbage, make sure your text reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8). You may also need to change the default font. Additional notes are at the end of the book. THE Old Sixth Regiment, ITS WAR RECORD, 1861-5, BY CHARLES K. CADWELL, Late Sergeant of Co. F. NEW HAVEN, CONN., 1875. N E W H AV E N : TUTTLE, MOREHOUSE & TAYLOR, PRINTERS. 1875. TO THE LOYAL WOMEN, WHOSE HUSBANDS, BROTHERS AND FRIENDS CAST THEIR LOT WITH THE OLD SIXTH IN DEFENCE OF THE FLAG, THIS MEMORIAL OF PATRIOTIC SERVICE IS RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED By the Author. INTRODUCTORY. The object of this work is to give a true and impartial record of the old Sixth Regiment during the war. The author collected the facts from a private diary kept by himself while in the service. Less has been known of the Sixth by our citizens than most of the other regiments; perhaps this is due partly to the fact that when we arrived in Washington Colonel Chatfield instructed officers and men that it was unmilitary to write letters for the press; he desired that the War Record should know the record of the Sixth, and not the newspapers only. Its history is less full on this account; yet none can say that the record of the Sixth is sullied. In many trying places the regiment proved itself honorably and gained confidence from its corps and department commanders. There may be errors in this work, and if any are inclined to censure, I trust they will remember that very few histories are without them; yet they are errors of the head and not of the heart. If what is here written meets the approval of the old members and the intelligent readers in general, I shall feel that my labors have been amply rewarded. CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. In camp at New Haven.—Fall in for rations.—Uncle Sam’s “Tanyards.”—Squad drills.—An old man’s blessing. CHAPTER II. Off for the conflict.—Reception at Philadelphia.—Through Baltimore at night.—Cattle cars to Washington.—“Soldiers’ Retreat” in Washington.—Fat pork and muddy coffee.—Visit the Capitol.—Camp at Meridian Hill.—At Annapolis, Md.—Embark on an Expedition.—Terrible storm at sea.—Incidents, &c. CHAPTER III. In Port Royal harbor.—The ball opens.—First naval engagement of the war.—Forts Walker and Beauregard.—Union fleet bombard the rebels.—Complete rout of the enemy.—Triumphant victory for the Union.—Great enthusiasm.—Connecticut lands the first troops.—Terrible scenes on land.—Rebel pigs and chickens.—Uncle Sam’s rations at a discount.—Warsaw Sound, Ga.—“Greybacks accumulate.”—“Sketch for special artist.”—Spotted fever.—Deaths daily.—The old Sixth unfit for duty.— Ordered to Hilton Head.—Dawfuski Island Camp.—Jones Island on Savannah river.—Fort Vulcan built of mud.—Yankee ingenuity and cunning displayed.—High tides, &c. CHAPTER IV. Capture of Fort Pulaski.—Heavy bombardment.—Back to Dawfuski Island.—North Edisto Island blackberries help Uncle Sam’s pork to digest.—Across John’s Island.—Col. Chatfield’s speech, victory or death.—Tedious rain.—Guerillas cut off our supplies. —Three days without food.—50 cents for a “hard tack.”—Arrive at Legareville on the Stono river.—Cook rations.—Across the river to James Island.—Tom Grimball’s Plantation.—Rebel advance.—Battle of Secessionville.—Evacuation of James Island.—Go to Beaufort.—Band of the Sixth mustered out.—Expedition to Mackay’s point.—Battle of Pocotaligo.—Col. Chatfield and Lieut. Col. Speidel wounded.—Whole command return to Hilton Head.—The Sixth at Beaufort.—Death of our department commander Maj. Gen. Mitchell. CHAPTER V. Off for Florida.—Land at Jacksonville.—Occupy houses instead of tents.—Skirmish with the enemy.—Streets barricaded to prevent incursions of the rebel cavalry.—Sermon by Rev. Mr. French.—Evacuation of Jacksonville by Union troops.—Town fired by the 8th Maine and a colored regiment.—Back to Beaufort.—Thirty-five hours in the town.—Embark again—a fizzle.—Back to Hilton Head.—Off again; land at Folly Island.—Battery building at night.—Speak in whispers.—Up Folly river.—Capture of the southern portion of Morris Island.—Brilliant charge of the Sixth.—Capture a rebel flag.—Assault on Fort Wagner.—Terrible scene at night. —Awful carnage.—Col. Chatfield twice wounded.—Union force repulsed.—The ranks of the Sixth terribly shattered.—Ordered to Hilton Head.—Death of Col. Chatfield. CHAPTER VI. Our new Colonel.—Great dissatisfaction thereby.—Part of the Sixth re-enlist.—Deserters shot.—Death of Captain Allen.—Up to Virginia under Butler.—Ascend the James river.—Bermuda Hundred.—Skirmish with the enemy.—Battle of Chester Station.— Death of Captain Wilcox.—Advance on Drury’s Bluff.—One of Butler’s “masterly movements.”—Battle of Drury’s Bluff.—Union forces “change front to the rear.”—Resignation of our new Colonel.—Appointment of Captain Rockwell as Colonel of the Sixth.— President Lincoln rides by.—“What mean those cheers.”—Battle of Strawberry Plains.—Hancock’s works.—Battle of Deep Run. —In holes around Petersburg.—Discharge of the non re-enlisted men.—Their reception in New Haven. CHAPTER VII. Around Petersburg.—Advance toward Richmond.—Attack on Battery Harrison.—Draft riots in New York.—The Sixth ordered there until after election.—Back again to Virginia.—Embark on expedition down the James.—Capture of Fort Fisher.—Advance on Wilmington.—Skirmishing with the “Johnnies.”—Enemy driven across North East river.—At Goldsboro, N. C.—Surrender of Lee’s army.—Muster out of the Veteran Sixth at New Haven. APPENDIX. Association of the Old Sixth meet in New Haven in May, 1868.—Its object.—Permanent organization effected.—Choice of officers. —Yearly reunions, their character, &c.—Pleasant occasions. ROSTER OF THE OLD REGIMENT. Names of officers.—Residence.—Date of muster.—General remarks.—Names of enlisted men.—Substitutes and drafted.—Date of muster.—Residence.—General remarks concerning all.—Unassigned recruits. ROLL OF HONOR. CASUALTIES OF THE SIXTH. PRINCIPAL ENGAGEMENTS. Hilton Head, S. C., November 7, 1861. Pocotaligo, S. C., October 22, 1862. James Island, S. C., June 10, 1862. Secessionville, S. C., June 16, 1862. Jacksonville, Florida, March 20, 1863. Morris Island, S. C., July 10, 1863. Fort Wagner, S. C., July 18, 1863. Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 6, 1864. Chester Station, Va., May 10, 1864. Drury’s Bluff, Va., May 16, 1864. Strawberry Plains, Va., August 14, 1864. Deep Run, Va., August 15, 1864. Fort Fisher, N. C., January 14, 1864. THE SIXTH REGIMENT, CONNECTICUT VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. CHAPTER I. Early Spring in the year 1861, was an eventful one in American history. Troops were organizing in all the loyal States to go forth and suppress the unequal war that was waged upon the people of the North. Deeply was it overshadowing our land and threatening to destroy our liberties as a nation. The shot against Sumpter’s wall was the key note of the Rebellion, and its echo was heard in every town and hamlet, uniting all loyal hearts and inspiring all the people with a zeal which had hitherto remained dormant—a zeal to avenge the insult offered to our flag and to vindicate the nation’s honor. Traitors had been arrogant in our land and had openly defied any power of the national government to suppress their actions, but the shot from Charleston directed against a federal fort aroused the people to a stern sense of duty. The call for brave men was nobly responded to, and regiment after regiment took their place in line, and in due time was off for the conflict. The disaster that befell the three months’ troops in the memorable Bull Run campaign, is widely known and needs no repetition here. Then the call for three years’ men was issued and again the ranks of the army were rapidly filled. None heeded the call with greater alacrity than the men who composed the members of the Sixth Regiment. A finer regiment or a more patriotic one, I venture to say, never entered the Union army; and that they maintained the honor of the State of Connecticut and reflected credit on their organization, subsequent events will prove. The Sixth was sworn into the State service on the 3d of September, in camp at Oyster Point, New Haven, and on the 12th of the same month Uncle Sam made us secure for three years or the war. The ranks of the Sixth were filled with men who represented almost every avocation in life. There were to be found professional men, others who had made science a study, as well as a number who were skilled mechanics in those higher grades of industry. The merchant left his counting room, the student his books, the mechanic his workshop, the farmer his plow, and stood shoulder to shoulder in the ranks for the one grand object—the suppression of the Rebellion and the restoration of the old flag. The field officers of the Sixth, with one exception, had already been baptized with fire, and quite a large number of the rank and file had seen active service in the three months’ campaign. John L. Chatfield of Waterbury was commissioned as Colonel; Wm. G. Ely of Norwich, Lieut. Colonel; John Speidel of Bridgeport, as Major. The first company that reported on the ground was from Windham County—Thomas K. Bates of Brooklyn, Conn., as Captain. Three companies were furnished from New Haven, viz: Company “C,” Capt. Daniel Klein; Company “F,” Captain Lewis C. Allen, Jr.; Company “K,” Captain Henry G. Gerrish. Company “B,” Captain Benjamin F. Prouty, was from Hartford and the adjoining towns. Company “D,” Captain Lorenzo Meeker, was recruited principally from Stamford and Greenwich. Waterbury and the towns along the Naugatuck Valley furnished the members of Company “E,” Captain Edward P. Hudson. Company “G,” Captain John N. Tracy, was mainly from New Britain. Company “H,” Captain Henry Biebel, was called a Bridgeport company, although most of the members were recruited in towns and cities north of New Haven. Company “I,” Captain Thomas Boudren, was from Bridgeport, yet the adjoining towns contributed largely to her quota. The companies, although formed under each letter, were not full when they reported in camp, yet recruits rapidly arriving soon swelled the ranks to the maximum number. The camp at Oyster Point was but the primary school that was to fit us for the more stern duties of the field, and very little care was bestowed upon our future movements, nor did we deem it wise to dwell upon the hardships of the soldier’s life when in the enemy’s country. We had some faint ideas of what might be, and while we could exclude these thoughts from our minds we considered it best to do so, knowing full well that trials would come soon enough. Our duties in camp were not arduous, and we patrolled our “beat” with unloaded muskets and kept a vigilant watch over the commissary stores at night, exercising as much care as in guarding the outposts in an enemy’s land. We would occasionally glance at the future and try to study its mysteries. There was considerable pleasure in the camp of the old Sixth, as well as its sorrows, and the time was well occupied in various ways and the days glided swiftly by. Friends were not wanting to regale our palates with choice food to supercede the rations of Uncle Sam, and to ply all manner of questions regarding our general health and condition. Such questions as “Did we sleep on feather beds?” and “We surely could not be expected to keep awake all night on guard?” and “Don’t they furnish butter on bread and milk in coffee?” All these questions met with a ready response, and we informed our careful friends that there was nothing like getting used to these things, and Uncle Sam would not probably see us suffer while so many patriots wanted a contract to furnish supplies. Our drilling was not very proficient during the first few days of camp life, from the fact that the camp was filled every day with the friends of the regiment, and the soldiers not having their uniforms, it was rather hard to determine who were enlisted in the service and who were the visitors. It is nothing detrimental to say that perhaps we “smelt the battle afar off,” and anticipated a succession of drills when we were removed from our friends and the pleasant scenes that surrounded us in New Haven. But after we received our uniforms and rifles, which was a few days before our departure, it gave a new impetus. Then the boys began to feel that they were really soldiers. We would don the army blue, and with a pair of Uncle Sam’s brogans upon our feet, the boys would respond to the order to “fall in,” with great alacrity; and then such a tramp with the “tan-yards” upon the parade ground was a sight amusing to behold; and woe be to that individual who had corns upon his feet when such a piece of sole leather happened to light upon them. Under the efficient leadership of our beloved Colonel, a brief period sufficed to acquaint us with a soldier’s varied duties. Each soldier received from Uncle Sam the usual equipment of kitchen utensils, which consisted of tin cup and plate, together with a knife, fork and spoon, and the men require no drilling to learn their use. If the order to capture a rebel fort was responded to with as much speed as the boys obeyed the call to “fall in for rations,” the cause of the Union would not suffer defeat at the hands of its defenders. But all things have an end, and so it was with our pleasant camp at Oyster Point. After receiving the usual articles necessary for transportation, we received our marching orders. There was the usual bustle and excitement incident to breaking up a camp of soldiers, and each one felt that the time for parting with friends had come. Friendly greetings were heard on every hand. Many hearty hand- shakes and “God bless you,” were given with a will, and not a few were bathed in tears as the last good-bye was said. Many fond parents bade farewell to sons for the last time on earth. Lovers greeted those whose ties of affection and sympathy endeared them to each other, and fondly cherished the hope that they would meet again when the war was over. Our city fathers were not lacking in their praise at our soldierly bearing, and extended a prayerful wish for a speedy and triumphant return to our home and loved ones. One good old man, the Hon. James Brewster, from whose name Company “F” Was called Brewster Rifles, appeared in camp to the company he was so endeared to, and made them a speech, recounting the hardships and perils of a soldier’s life, and expressing a wish to hear a good report from Company “F.” As we gazed upon the venerable aspect of this good man, whose counsel and judgment were entitled to so much respect, we could not but inwardly resolve that our best efforts should be put forth in defense of the sacred liberties which had been such a strong bulwark to our nation. Many were affected to tears during his address, and I doubt not the memory of that hour made a lasting impression on many hearts present as he closed with an old man’s blessing. CHAPTER II. Tuesday, Sept. 17, was ushered in by a warm sun and a genial atmosphere, which only served to increase our interest in the busy scenes that were before us, for we were all aware that the old Sixth would soon be en route for the seat of war. The colonel and staff were busy issuing orders, captains of companies were instructed to issue no passes to leave camp, and so far as was practicable all visitors were excluded from the precincts of the camp proper. The cooks were busy preparing our rations, and every one seemed to think himself an important personage around the cook’s tent. As the day wore on the clouds began to thicken, portending a storm, and as the call was sounded by the drummers at 2 o’clock to “strike tents,” the rain came down copiously. We rolled up the wet canvass as expeditiously as possible, which was quickly loaded on our army wagons, together with other camp equipage. We received two days’ rations for our haversacks, consisting of boiled ham and hard bread, to nourish the inner man, and were soon in line for our departure, but the usual delays incident to such an occasion kept us in line about three hours. 5 o’clock came, and with it the order to “Forward, march.” The band struck up “The gal I left behind me,” and we marched through the rain and mud to Belle Dock. The rain did not dampen the ardor of the boys nor decrease the patriotism of the citizens of the Elm City. Handkerchiefs from fair ones waved us adieu; men shouted “God bless the boys,” together with the martial music of the band to increase the enthusiasm, made our departure from New Haven pleasant to contemplate. Pleasant, from the fact that we felt that the prayers and best wishes of our good people would go with us, as incentives to noble principles and holy action. We embarked on the steamer Elm City and soon stretched ourselves on the several decks and in the cabin, glad enough for a chance to rest ourselves, for the rain had drenched us through to the skin. The boat left her moorings at 8 o’clock, and when we awoke we found ourselves alongside the dock at Jersey City. For some unknown reason we did not disembark till about noon. At 2 P. M. we left by rail for the capital of the nation. Arriving at Philadelphia we were entertained at the Union Refreshment Rooms with a bountiful collation, which was indeed refreshing to the inner man, and it also gave evidence of a large stock of loyalty on the part of the good people of that city. Every regiment passing through the city were made heartily welcome to their hospitality, and none will ever forget the hearty cheers and the “God speed” which was heard on every hand. Leaving Philadelphia, our next stopping place was at Perryville, where we arrived at 8 o’clock in the evening. We were delayed here about two hours, and were then ferried across the river to Havre-de-Grace, when we again started by rail for Baltimore, arriving there at 10 P. M. No cheers for the Union soldier startled our ears at this place. No demonstration of delight at our arrival, but all seemed sullen, and their actions showed more of a secession spirit than otherwise. We were ordered to fix bayonets before we crossed the city, for the memory of the Massachusetts Sixth who had preceded us was not forgotten, and a repetition of those scenes would not have found us unprepared. The spilled blood of the Massachusetts Sixth will ever be a stain upon the records of the Monumental City while this generation inhabits this mundane sphere. We crossed the city to the depot where we found cars waiting to transport us to Washington. We were huddled aboard cars that we understood were used to transport cattle the day previous, and we had no reason to disbelieve the report, for the muck and filth covered the floors to such a depth that anything short of a pair of Uncle Sam’s “tan-yards” would have been lost sight of in a short time. However, we accepted the situation, believing that it all made up the three years of a soldier’s life. We arrived in Washington on the 19th, at 6 o’clock in the morning, very much fatigued by our wearisome ride in the cattle cars, wishing, longing, hoping, for what the soldier calls “a good square meal.” We expected Washington would not be behind Philadelphia in this respect, and after stacking our arms and waiting patiently for about two hours our ears were startled by that sound so welcome to every soldier, “Fall in for rations.” They marched us into a building having a sign over the door reading “Soldiers’ Retreat.” Visions of cold ham and soft bread appeared unto us, and that beverage, which always cheers but does not inebriate, we thought we smelt afar off; but alas, for a soldier’s hopes. What a sight greeted our eyes as we filed into that building. Three long rows of tables, running the length of the building, were piled up with chunks of half boiled pork which looked as if they had been cut from the hog when just killed, for the bristles were long enough to lift up each piece by. A quantity of stale and musty bread and some very muddy coffee, completed our bill of fare. We had not anticipated such a re-treat as this; however, we felt that it was nothing like getting used to these things, and we did retreat and got our breakfast at the eating houses. We had a few hours to see the sights of the city, and improved them by a visit to the Capitol and House of Representatives, also the Senate chamber, where some of the boys sat down in the chair which Jeff. Davis had vacated, just to see how it would seem. Others made impromptu speeches on the great questions which were agitating our country. The camp which was assigned to us was out to Meridian Hill, about four miles from the capitol, and thither we marched and pitched our tents, and were quite willing to enjoy a comfortable snooze when the drums beat the tatoo. The Sixth was brigaded with the Fourth and Seventh New Hampshire and the Seventh Connecticut, which arrived the next day, all under command of Brig. Gen. H. G. Wright. A member of Co. “B” was taken ill when but a few days in camp, and was removed to Columbia Hospital, where he died of congestion of the brain on the 26th of September. This was the first death since our organization. Death claimed another victim in a member of Co. “F,” Theodore Gibbons by name. He died on the 7th of October. The twenty days of our camp life in Washington was one unceasing drill: morning drills by the sergeants, before breakfast; company drill after that meal was over; then the brigade drill after dinner, taken with our other duties, made our time pretty much all occupied. We began to see in these extra duties the inner life of a soldier, and our proficiency in drill was manifest from day to day, yet as we heard of the clash of war and read the accounts of skirmishes, we longed to be at the front where we might participate in those stirring scenes. Several times during our camp life here, we were called into line and extra rounds of cartridges given us, with the orders to hold ourselves in readiness to move at a moment’s notice, but as often dismissed to await the next call. On the 8th day of October we left Washington by rail for Annapolis, Maryland, and arrived there after a wearisome ride of twelve hours. We were quartered in the Navy Yard for a few days, which gave us an opportunity of seeing a few of the relics of the war of 1812. Many ancient looking swords, old flintlock muskets and wooden canteens were among the collection. A few days passed and we went outside the town and pitched our tents near a grove of fine old trees, where we might have better facilities for drilling, &c. We were inspected several times by prominent officers of the regular army, which gave evidence of some movement or other on foot, and a short time elapsed ere it was noised abroad that we were going on an expedition. The 19th of October found us all packed up and tramping up the gang-planks of the steamers to sail on the great expedition, with sealed orders, under Gen. Sherman. The right wing of our regiment was assigned to the steamship Marion, the left wing to the steamer Parkersburg. There were seventeen regiments in all, and thirty-three steam transports to hold us, besides quite a fleet of gunboats, made up the entire fleet. Such formidable looking boats presented to our vision, gave evidence of something else beside a mere excursion. We knew that hard work and fighting were before us and that only a few days would elapse ere we should see the rebel soil. Weighing anchor, we passed down the bay to Hampton Roads, Va., where we remained several days, waiting like Micawber, for something to turn up. Finally, the union jack gave the signal for sailing, and glad enough were we at the prospect of soon being able to step on terra firma once more. Two days out from Hampton Roads we experienced a terrible storm at sea, and for several hours the prospects of seeing anything but a broken wreck and finding a watery grave, were exceedingly dubious. Wave after wave poured over us. The hatches were fastened and everything on deck was lashed tight to prevent being washed away. The red glare of the lightning, with the terrific peals of thunder, made the scene awfully grand. Now in the trough of the sea and another moment upon the crest of the waves, with all on board terribly sea-sick, was a picture not very pleasant to dwell upon. Our fleet became scattered and two vessels were sunk; others had horses washed overboard; while another was forced to throw into the deep her entire armament, which consisted of some improved guns which we expected would do some very effective service. A merciful Providence permitted us to outride the storm and once more see the scattered fleet all together again, save those that went to the bottom. Many a prayer of thankfulness went up to God for our safe deliverance from such a storm. A day or two of pleasant sailing brought us at anchor in the harbor of Port Royal, South Carolina, with two very formidable looking rebel batteries on either side of the harbor. Here we saw that our mission was to reduce these works and gain a foothold on South Carolina soil. The rebel soldiers gazed at us from their strongholds, and two very scaly looking gunboats ventured down from their hiding place a short distance above the batteries, and sent us their compliments in the shape of a few shells for about the space of half an hour, but with no damage to our fleet; but as soon as one of Uncle Sam’s boats gave them a few messengers of war, they were glad enough to change front to the rear and troubled us no more that day. CHAPTER III. The 7th of November, 1861, will ever remain in the history of the war as one in which a grand victory perched upon the banner of the Union; when treason and rebellion received a blow from which they never fully recovered. The members of the old Sixth will not soon forget the events that transpired. Our gunboats were occupied several hours in getting into position to do the most effective service, and after forming into a circle, with the grand old frigate Wabash taking the lead, they sailed around once and then opened fire upon those strongholds of rebellion. The enemy were evidently expecting something of the kind, for they returned the fire with great promptness. Fort Walker, on Hilton Head, seemed determined to drive the Union fleet away from the harbor, while Fort Beauregard, on Bay Point, which was opposite, played comparatively a small part, for all her shell fell short of the mark. As the boats moved nearer and nearer the engagement became more general, and shot and shell flew like hail through the air; those of the enemy doing little execution, while our shells seemed to stir up the sand around and in their batteries at almost every fire. The troops on the transports watched the engagement with intense interest, while broadside after broadside were poured into those doomed works of treason. Orders were signalled to have the troops prepare, in light marching order, to land at short notice. We were confident the battle would be short and decisive, as the rebels could not withstand such terrible odds. As the battle raged, our boats directed a part of their fire into the woods that skirted the shore on Hilton Head. What could that be for? was the query; when it was announced that the rebels were routed and were retreating through the woods; and such we learned to be a fact, as they could easily be discerned by the glass, making their escape in that direction. A few more well-directed shots, and the firing ceased; then we knew the victory was ours. A boat was lowered and manned by a picked crew of man-of-wars men, who pulled for the shore with great speed, landed and made their way into the fort on Hilton Head and raised the glorious stars and stripes on the rebel flag staff. Words cannot describe the events that followed in a few brief moments. The battle had been waged precisely five hours when the victory was announced. Liberty was triumphant over the despotism of slavery. The different bands on the steamers struck up the national airs, songs were sung, and cheer after cheer rent the air from thousands of throats, while the loud huzzas swept through the fleet like a whirlwind, and not a few prayers arose to the God of battles for giving us such a signal victory. Thus was witnessed the first naval engagement of the war. Preparations were now made to land the troops, as it was feared the rebels would rally and contest the possession. The Connecticut troops were selected to land first, and the Sixth, with Lieut.Col. Ely in command, were put aboard the steamer Winfield Scott, while the Seventh, under Col. Terry, was in boats in tow of the steamer. The steamer ran as near the beach as she could, when we got into lighters and jumped into the swelling surf—a cold bath for us at 10 o’clock at night, with water up to armpits, our arms upstretched, with our rifles and cartridge boxes to “keep our powder dry;” but all were in good spirits and seemed willing to undergo any hardship to save the Union and the suppression of the infernal Rebellion. We took possession of the rebel works after we landed, without making any formal demand therefor, and not until we landed did we know what dreadful havoc our shells had made; the sight beggars description. The dead and wounded lay in heaps, and the air resounded with groans and petitions for help. We built huge fires to dry ourselves, stationed our pickets and lay upon our arms, not daring to explore the island very far the first night, for fear of an ambuscade. The night was spent without sleep, as we were thoroughly drenched through, and we were glad to hail the morning light. A detachment of three companies under Lieut.Col. Ely explored the lower part of the island, and met a few of the enemy who had not succeeded in getting away; had a brisk skirmish with them, in which they retreated. The detachment brought into camp two fine brass howitzers, with a valuable pair of horses, besides seventy other horses, six mules, six wagons, two yoke of oxen, together with other valuable property of a total value of $50,000; but no credit was ever given us, not even a quartermaster’s receipt. The island of Hilton Head was very rich and fertile; the cotton fields were ripe, waiting for the second picking. The palmetto tree was green and the air as balmy as June. Sweet potatoes were plenty, to be had for the digging. Every building near the fort was riddled by our shells, while the tents were torn into shreds. Our surgeons provided for the wounded as well as they could with the means at hand. Many of the dead were literally torn to atoms, and some were half buried where they fell; guns were dismounted, army wagons smashed, and many fine horses and mules lay in heaps. During the bombardment, a rebel gunner, wearing a red shirt, was noticed by our fleet to occupy a very prominent position on the parapet, and was seen to pat his gun every time he fired it, and we found one arm with a piece of red flannel upon it near the gun, which seemed to be all that was left of him; he was evidently blown to atoms. Those who succeeded in getting away alive must have beat a hasty retreat, for knapsacks, blankets and rifles lay in confusion all around, and were found at almost every step for miles through the woods. The armament of the fort was 22 heavy guns, most of which were rifled and of the most approved pattern; and two heavy globe-sight rifled cannon, the gift of some neutral English friends to the Confederate States. For a short time Uncle Sam’s rations were at a discount, as the trophies of war in live stock seemed abundant. Pigs were roaming at will, only to be confiscated by a soldier; chickens and geese were found in large numbers, and we regaled our palates with sweet potatoes, sugar cane, roast pig and broiled chickens. The commissary stores of the rebels were probably larger at this time than during the latter days of the confederacy. But after a while of sumptuous living, we were obliged to fall back on our regular salt junk and hard tack. After the stars and stripes, the State flag of Connecticut was the first to wave over South Carolina soil, and the Connecticut troops made the first advance into the interior. 120 head of beef cattle, numerous porkers, large quantities of chickens and other fowls were brought in from the adjoining plantations in the days that followed, but these latter captures had to be turned over to the Quartermaster, except occasionally some fowl or porker that was slyly appropriated by a soldier for a “side dish” to accompany the junk and tack. We made frequent skirmishes over the island, but the foe had departed and the negroes were the sole occupants of the homes of their masters. The groves of orange trees at Seabrook’s plantation were very fragrant, and the ripe fruit was quickly disposed of as contraband of war. We scouted out to the plantation owned by one Graham, which was about five miles from Hilton Head. There we found quite a village of negroes, who seemed pleased to see the “Yankees,” as they termed us; and on our inquiry as to the whereabouts of their masters, their reply was, “I dunno, massa; dun gone for true dis time; spect him a right smart way off.” The plantation of “Squire Pope,” as the negroes called him, was a lovely place, indeed. The fine old southern mansion was situated in a large grove of live oak trees, with ample grounds neatly fenced. Large groves of orange trees, whose fragrance filled the air and gave evidence of the home of contentment and wealth, but the occupants had fled and left their household goods to the mercy of the soldiers. Two spacious libraries were in the house, filled with books. Heavy plate glass mirrors and fine oil paintings adorned the walls, which, together with the rich furniture, made the place seem too good to be destroyed by the ruthless hand of war. Our forces were busily engaged in unloading the transports of their cargoes; piles of lumber were brought ashore and three large storehouses were erected on the island to hold Uncle Sam’s rations; and everything indicated that Uncle Sam was to hold possession. Wheelbarrows, pickaxes and shovels were numerous, and we soon learned their use. A long line of earthworks was thrown up by the troops for protection from any advance that might be made. While we remained at Hilton Head we became very proficient with the shovel and pick, and for a time our rifles became rusty; but the same could not be said of our shovels. The early months of winter, 1862-3, the Sixth remained on the island, perfecting themselves in drill and awaiting orders; and the 20th of January found us with orders to embark on a secret expedition under Gen. Wright. We were hurried aboard of the steamer Cosmopolitan, a boat much too small to accommodate our regiment; but we were informed that our stay aboard would be of brief duration—perhaps only a day or two would elapse before we should land. We accepted the situation, as it all made up the three years of a soldier’s life. A storm set in and kept the fleet in the harbor for nearly a week; after which we weighed anchor and dropped down to Warsaw Sound, Ga., with the idea of avoiding Fort Pulaski and capturing Savannah by the way of an inlet. A long experiment was made by our gunboats, while the transports with the troops lay in Warsaw Sound. Commodore Tatnall, of the rebel navy, with his “mosquito fleet,” as it was named, made several assaults on our gunboats, but was invariably compelled to withdraw without any advantage gained. Our condition on shipboard was deplorable; so cramped were we for room that when we lay on the decks at night one could not walk among the sleeping forms without stepping on a soldier. For sixteen days we were fed on salt pork and beef, and no vegetables, with hard tack that was full of vermin, and water that had been put in kerosene oil barrels three months before. The water was so thick in one barrel that the writer saw, it could be lifted up on the finger. It was so nauseating and foul that when poured into the sea, the water was discolored by it. We had no water to cleanse our bodies, save what the sea afforded, and salt water without soap is not very good to cleanse with. Dirt and filth prevailed to an alarming extent, and “gray-backs,” as the boys called them, accumulated upon our bodies in a fearful manner. As one Dutchman expressed it, he had lice so big, “shust like wheat.” None were exempt from these pests, from the Colonel down. So alarming was our condition that the whole brigade was ordered ashore that we might bathe and wash our clothes while the boats were fumigated. Scarcely had we landed ere the whole beach presented a ludicrous appearance—a sight of which a “special artist” might envy—that of a brigade of soldiers stripped to the waist, picking off these vermin. We remained ashore one day and then returned to our old quarters on board the ship, and in a short time were as filthy as ever. Severe sickness in the form of “spotted fever” broke out in the ranks of the Sixth in consequence, and became so aggravating that there was an average of four or five deaths daily. Large strong men were attacked in the morning and before night were dead. It baffled the skill of our surgeons, who worked with untiring zeal to break up this dread malady. Death seemed near at hand; and to pass away by a foul disease contracted by being kept amid such filth was hard to contemplate. All expressed a desire rather to face all the guns of the rebel army than to meet death in this manner. A religious interest sprang up and prayer meetings were held in the cabins every evening. Many were converted and a large number professed Christ as their only hope. The Division Surgeon came on board and pronounced our condition as a very critical one, and said we must be sent back to Hilton Head to recruit; so back we went, although we would have preferred to go with the fleet if our quarters had been suitable to stay in. News of our illness reached the Head before we did, and when we landed, there were none to bid us welcome; all the soldiers kept at a safe distance. We pitched our camp on the old parade ground of the Ninth Maine Regiment, but no soldiers ventured near to greet us, as is usual on such occasions. One regiment sent us some coffee, bringing it as far as our camp guard and leaving it for us to take at our pleasure. Being once more on mother earth, with plenty of exercise and the facilities for keeping clean, the regiment rapidly improved in health, deaths became less frequent, and we felt like ourselves once more. As soon as practicable we were detailed to work on the fortifications, and the pick and shovel were not allowed to rust. The 20th of March again found us under marching orders; this time our destination was Dawfuskie Island. We embarked in the morning and landed at 10 o’clock at night; marched through the woods to the end of the island opposite Fort Pulaski. A drenching rain made our march very wearisome, and we were glad enough to find a chance for rest a short time before daybreak. Dawfuski Island was a beautiful place. The groves of orange and fig trees were in blossom and their fragrance filled the air. The pomegranate and persimmon looked fine indeed, and the plantations were beautified with many choice flowers in full bloom. The Sixth made several reconnoissances up New River, toward Savannah, and watched the enemy in that direction. Part of our regiment was selected to occupy Jones Island, which was on the Savannah River, about midway between Fort Pulaski and the city. A few companies of the Forty-eighth New York Regiment had preceded us and were engaged in building a fort to prevent the enemy from reinforcing Pulaski. We built a corduroy road across the island by laying several tiers of logs across each other; and it was with extreme difficulty we could gain a foothold, as the mud was so soft we would slip and go down knee deep into the mud. None but Connecticut Yankees would have thought it possible to fortify themselves in such a place. There was not a tree or shrub on the whole island; nothing but tall rank sea grass. We pitched our tents in the mud; banked them up with mud, and it was mud everywhere. At some of the high tides the entire island was covered with water to the depth of several inches. The writer has a vivid recollection of being awakened one night with the water surging into his ears, and we were all obliged to get up from our bed of sea grass and wait for the tide to recede, with no more sleep that night. The confederacy and its leaders did not receive very flattering compliments from the Union soldiers about this time, or the writer’s ears deceived him. We managed, however, by excessive labor, to build a fort of mud, with the assistance of a few bags of sand which we got out of the river when the tide was low. The hot southern sun baked the mud quite hard as we piled it up, and by degrees we managed to get a foundation secure enough to mount nine heavy guns, which we drew across the island by night. The task was very laborious, and many gave way to fevers and other diseases, which made extra duty for those who managed to survive. Day after day we worked in mud and water up to our knees. The gnats and mosquitos were so thick we tied cloths around our heads to get a partial relief from the insects. Our water for cooking and drinking purposes we got from the river; it was brackish and insipid enough, and many sighed for a cooling draught from the old oaken buckets of our northern homes. CHAPTER IV. The batteries on Tybee Island being already very strongly entrenched (the mortars out of sight of the fort), everything appeared ready for the battle. The Seventh Connecticut was assigned the duty of serving at the mortar batteries and other troops were on duty at the rifled guns. The work before us seemed no easy task, considering the strength of the enemy. Fort Pulaski’s walls were seven feet thick and mounted one tier of guns in embrasures and on en barbette. It was a huge five-sided fortress and was said to have been built by a Connecticut Yankee. Twenty guns, including 10-inch Columbiads, bore upon our batteries at Tybee, which had a decidedly unpleasant look. Col. Olmstead, the commander of Pulaski, was once more and for the last time invited to surrender; but he sternly refused by saying he was put there to defend the fort and not surrender it. Our batteries opened the ball at 8 o’clock on the morning of the 10th of April by a signal gun from battery Halleck. Simultaneously all the guns and mortars blazed away with such a deafening roar that the very island itself seemed to shake in its marshy anchorage. From that hour onward till the surrender, the artillery fire against the solid masonry of Pulaski’s walls was terrific. The rebels replied vigorously and in a determined manner. The smoke was so dense that the sun was obscured. At a quarter to eleven o’clock the rebel flag-staff was shot away and the rebel rag tumbled down. This was hailed with intense cheers and seemed to add new zeal to the soldiers who manned our guns. The distance between the combatants was at least a mile, yet it was very evident that nearly all our shots were telling. Our solid shot brought away great piles of masonry and clouds of brick dust filled the air. All day long an incessant fire was kept up, and at night the mortar batteries sent their compliments while the others ceased. At daylight the next morning the battle was resumed with its accustomed vigor, and in the early part of the forenoon a large breach was made in the walls. Guns were dismounted and seen to fall, yet the rebs seemed as tenacious as ever. Our gunners directed their fire toward the magazine of the fort in such well-directed shots that the rebels, fearing an explosion, hoisted the “white flag” at two o’clock, April 11th, and its appearance was greeted with the wildest enthusiasm. Cheer after cheer rent the air as victory had once more perched on our banners. The firing ceased, the smoke cleared away, and then we saw plainly the great destruction our shells had made. The Seventh Connecticut had the honor of taking possession of the works and was also awarded the rebel flag. After the fall of the fort, Col. Chatfield was ordered to dismantle Fort Vulcan, on Jones Island, the battery of mud upon which we had worked with so much zeal. But, by some misunderstanding, our gunboats were drawn off, which left us in rather an unpleasant predicament, had the rebels chosen to come from Savannah and attack us. But Col. Chatfield was equal to any emergency, and with his usual foresight and calm self-possession, he dismounted the 10-inch columbiad in the night and floated it on a raft over to Pulaski, where it arrived safely the next day. In its place we mounted a black log with a barrel on one end. After our evacuation, Johnnie Reb sallied down the river and captured the “Quaker.” We resumed our pleasant camping ground on Dawfuski Island, which was quite a pleasing contrast with that on Jones Island; but the arduous labors imposed upon the Regiment for the past few weeks began to tell upon the men and patients at the hospital were numerous. We remained here drilling, and with our usual camp duties, till the last week in May, when we were ordered to report at Hilton Head, again embarking on that dreaded steamer Cosmopolitan, but did not remain on board very long this time, for, upon reporting to the General, we sailed for North Edisto Island, and arrived there in the evening of May 22d. Large quantities of blackberries were ripe in the field, and we found them very palatable and we thought they helped Uncle Sam’s pork to digest. The Brigade under Gen. Wright was here reorganized and composed of the following troops: 6th Conn.; 47th New York; 55th and 97th Penn. Regiments. We here spent the time in brigade drills and the usual picket duties till the 1st of June, when we crossed over to John’s Island. We expected our destination would be somewhere in the vicinity of Charleston, and were not disappointed. After marching several miles we halted at a large sugar plantation for rest. Col. Chatfield addressed us on our mission, and assured us we were marching on to victory or death, as we were going into the hot bed of rebeldom and undoubtedly would see some hard fighting; but he was confident we would meet the issue with determined bravery, and he was to “lead us forward.” This last remark brought forth cheer after cheer for our gallant Colonel. The members of the Sixth felt justly proud of Col. Chatfield. Our march across John’s Island was slow and tedious, as the guerillas infested us on all sides. Our cavalry scouts were ever on the alert, but, as the road was new to them the rebs used every advantage against us. Our wagon trains were cut off and the command was without food for three days. Men offered 50 cents for a hard-tack. One soldier offered to eat a dog if it could be found. A body of cavalry moved to the rear and assisted greatly in dispersing the guerillas, and we were again rejoiced to see some salt junk. To add to our discomfort, a drenching rain storm set in which lasted three days, and while we were without tents or shelter of any kind except a gum blanket. To skirmish the woods through the briers and underbrush all day and lay on our arms at night with our clothes wet through and flesh all parboiled, was not very agreeable. We were not allowed to build a fire on any condition, as our near approach to the foe might discover our strength. When we arrived at the little village of Legareville, on the Stono River, opposite James Island, we found none to oppose us; all had fled. The poor shanties that composed the village were the only dry wood available for fires; we concluded we would confiscate enough to dry our clothing and cook our pork. As we were now within sight of the Johnnies, no further seclusion seemed necessary, for in a few days at least, we expected to “get together,” and we knew we should have more zeal with a good square meal in our stomach and dry clothes upon our backs. Our chaplain counted eighty-three fires made on the ground, with an average of five cups to each fire, cooking pork, bacon and coffee. Col. Chatfield was assigned to the command of our Brigade, and on the evening of June 8th, he moved across the river to James Island, which is only about four and a half miles from Charleston. We rested for the night on Tom Grimball’s plantation. The enemy attacked us the next night in our front, but were repulsed after a brisk skirmish of an hour’s duration. The Connecticut battery was here, doing excellent service under Captain Rockwell, and the gun boats shelled the enemy over our heads, both of which proved valuable assistants...