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The occurrence of an endangered lycaenid, Zizina emelina (de l'Orza) (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae), in Osaka International Airport, central Japan PDF

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Preview The occurrence of an endangered lycaenid, Zizina emelina (de l'Orza) (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae), in Osaka International Airport, central Japan

TThhee LLeepipdiopdteorpoltoegircaollSoocgieitycal Society ooff JJaapapnan eetva Thans,lcpidSoc.Jqpan 59(1)7:8-82,January2008 The occurrence of an endangered lycaenid ,Zizina emelina (de 1'Orza) (Lepidopt eLryaca,enidae) ,in Osaka Internation Aailrport ,central Japan Minoru IsHi iN,orio HiRAi and [lbshiy aHiRowATARi EnLomological Laboratory, Graduat eSchoul of Life and Environment Sciences, Osaka Prefecture Univcrsity,Sakai,Osaka,599-853lJapan Abstract A fiel dsurvey of an endangered Iycaenid butterfi yZ,izina emelina (d e1'Orza ()previeu,s- ly Zilina otis etnelina) (Lepidopt eLryaca,enida ew)as conducted in Osaka Internation aAlirport on August 4, 2003. A total of 200 adults (16 6males and 34 females) of Z. emelina were observed dur- ing the survey, Adult densiti ewsere high in short grass yareas dominated by Pa,spalum sp., Digitaria ciliaris ,7}'ijlpli purmatense, Plantago ganceola taand Coreopsi stinctori ain a baseball fiel adnd aiong a runway. Since the primar yfoodplan otf Z. emetina in Japan, Lotusjaponions, was not found within the airpor ti, ti spossibl ethat this species utilizes T, rqpens and Kummerowia stip- utacea as 1arva lfoodplants in this area. Considering that most habita tosfZ. emelina aroLmd OIA have alread ybeen los tor degraded i,t is the firs tpriorit yto maintain the populatio innsid tehe air- pert to conserve this species in this arca. Key words Zizina emelina, grass]and ,airport, foodplan tO,saka ,Japan, Introduction The lycaenidbutterflyZ,izina (del'Orza)(previousZilzyina emelina otis emelina) (Lepidopt feyrcaa,enid aoecc)ur,s in sunny, early succcssional grasslands ,such as seashores, riverbanks and levee sin farmlands w,here it utilizes the bird's-fo tortefbi lL,ot"sjmponicus (Fabacea eas) the larya flbodplan t(Fukud eat al., 1984) .The decreas ein semi natural habi- tat sconsisting of short grassland isn recent decade hsas arisen primaril byecause of changes in agricultural land-us eand urbanization, which have had the effect of reducing the optimal habita tof several butterf lsypecies in Japan (e .g. Shibatan i1,989; Sei ,1996; Nakamura, 2003) , This species is liste das an endengered species in the Red Data Book of Japan (Minis tofr yEnvironment Japan ,2006) and the Red Data List of Osaka Prefecture (Osaka Prefecture ,2000). Site sthat support this species are under increasin tghreat of habita tde- struction and los sof mowing due tQ cessation of traditional rural ]and uses in Japan (Sunose and Eda, 2003; Nakamura, 2006). Minohara et al. (2007 r)ecently discovered numerous habitat sof this species in the vicinity of Osaka Internationa lAirport (OIA) ,with high densitie sof adults found in those habitats adjacent to the airpor tI.n this study, we conducted a fiel dgtudy to elucidate the distribution ef this butterf ianyd characterize the vegetation in the airport. Study site and methods The OIA is the primary domestic airport for the Kansai region and is locate don the border of Osaka and Hyogo Prefecture sin central Japan (Fi g1.) ,The airport faces the Inagawa River to the nQrthwest and is sorrounded by industri aanld community areas te the south and east. The fiel dsurvey fbr Z. emelina was conducted using a direc stearching rnethod on 'Correspondingauthor:ishii-m@envi,osakatu-u.ac.jp NNIII-IE-leEcltreoncitcronic LMbirabrryary Service TThhee LLeepipdiopdteorpoltoegircaollSoocgieitycal Society ooff JJaapapnan The LycaenidZizina inOsakaInternationAailrport 79 emelina ilil,l・lll・il,l・Il・il]li,I/il・i'l・l・i・",s・lig'//t.s#/oA.l:,・,,.,1'E N 1 ill・iK"・'.ttl,!/l(,・4l' il,lilil'1;l・ ii!l・$・11il/tsmtomnEme=fJtepan t'taiwanx' acificecektun o'T ''',SBL1-'ttlfywtiS."#/tt..()s'ika' E B -o akm Fig. 1. Location of the study site, Osaka Internatio nAailrpor ta,nd the 4 subsites, grass aleng the Runway B, around VORIDME, a fir estation and in a baseball fiel dT.he gras salong the Runway B was divide dinto 3 sections of ca. 1 km tn length. August 4, 2003. We surveyed the gras salong Runway B (3,O OmO) during the morning hours (10hOO-12h OaOn)d, grass around VHF Omnidirectional Radio RangeA)istance Measuring Equipment (VORIDME) ,the area around a fire station, and in a basebal lfield during the afternoon hours (14hO O15-hOO). The gras salong the Runway B was divided into thre eapproximately 1,OOO-m sections (I I,I and III as shown in Fig. 1), with a single observ- er designate tdo each section. Upon encountering adult butterfii eacsti,vity when firs otbserved (e g.. flying n,ectaring, etc) was recorded. Each butterf lwyas netted and marked on the ventral surface of the hind wings using a black marker to avoid double counts. Vegetatio nh,eigh tof grass and fiower- ing plant swere also recorded. Results and discussion The short gras salong the Runway B was dominated by the dallisgra sRsa,spalum sp,, the southern crabgrass, Digitari cailiaris ,the red clover, 7>'ijbtiu pmratense, the white clover, T. repens, the buckhorn plantain ,Plantago lanceolat aand the plain scoreopsis, Coreopsis tinctoria (rll e1t) b.Allethough the vegetation of the basebal 1fiel wdas similar to that fOund along Runway B, it was shorter and the common lespedez aK,Limmerowia striata, and the Korean lespedez aK,. stipulacea, were more abundant, Cenversely t,he area around VOR/ DME was covered with tal lgrass and had patches of T, pratense, The fire station was sor- rounded by ta]1 ornarnental trees, but dwarf herbs were a]so recorded near Runway B, NII-Electronic Library Service TThhee LLeepipdiopdteorpoltoegircaollSoocgieitycal Society oofJfap anJapan 80 Minoru IsHT TN,oTio HiRAi and Teshiya HiRowATARi rrable1. Vegetation type, dominant plant sand height oC vegetation at 4 subsites in the study site, the Osaku Internation aAlirport ,on August 4, 2003. Subsites Vegetatiotnypcs Dominantplants'' Vcgetationheight Runway B Short grus sand herbs Paspalt{m sp. (Gra. D)i,gitaria ciliaris O.5 m withcontinuouspatehies (Gra. 7)},'ijiotittmprate (nFseab. )T,. ofFabaceousplar]ts rqpens* (Fab. )K,L{mmerowia striata*' (Fab.P)t,antagotanceotat(aPla,), Coreopsitsinctoria(Ast.) VORIDME Retativel ytall grass and T, pratense, Sotgh"m hatqpense (Gra.),lm hcrbs with patches ot' the Paspaium sp., Pueraria lobata (Fab.). redclover Rumex sp. CPol.),Arte minidsiicaa (Ast.) Fire Stution Short herbs and Erigero nannetus (Ast. T). ,pratense, 1 rn omamcntedtrees Pinusdensij7ora(Pin.)C,edrttsdeodarct (Pin, L)i,thoearpus edulis (Fag.) Baseball field Shor therbs and bare E, annttus. K. striata', K. stiputacea, T. O.3 m ground praien,ge T,. repens* 1) *: Cancljdate sfor the food-plan tofs Z. emeiina; Gra.: Gramineae, Fabaceae, Pla. :Plantaginaceae, Ast.:AsteraceaPeo,l.:Polygonaceae,Pin,:PinaceaeF,ag,:Fagaceae.Fab.: Minohara et al. (2007 r)eported that this species utilizes T. tepens and K, striata as food plant saround the OIA. Although their primary fbodplant L. j'aponicu swas not found at the OIA, T, tupens and K. striata were abundant along the runway and the basebal lfiel dand it ig likel ytha tthey utilize these plant species as larva lfoodplant ast thi ssite. A total of 200 Z. emelina adultg (16 6males and 34 females )were observed at all thc sites exceptVORIDME in this survey (Fi g1.) .Most of individua lobsserved were flyin gnear the ground. Nectarin gwas most frequentl oybserved on T. iepens (25 indiyidual san)d, also ob- served on E. ann"us (6) C,. tinctoria (5) Z, pratens e(3) t,he catsear, H)pochaeris radicata (1 )and P, lanceotata (1) ,Adult density was highest at the basebal lfiel d(8. 0individualsl 1O min,), fbllowed by Runway 11 (4, 3a)nd III (4,6 w)hi,le it was low at Runway I (1.9 )A.t the fir estation, most adults were observed near the runway, but few individual swere ob- served around the ornamental trees near the bui]ding. Minehara et at. (2007 r)ecorded 43 patches of Z. emelina habita taround the airport, but these were markedly smaller than the habitat within the airport grounds, It is probable that the population of Z, emelina in and around the airpor ftit tshe mainland-is]and metapopula- tion structure model (Hansk iand Simberloff ,1997; Hanski ,1999) ,with the airport itself constituting the mainland and the ad.jacent sites serving as small island sW.ithin the context of metapopulation structure, since the mainland site dominate sthe dynamics of the popula- tion as a whole (Pull i2n00,2) ,the study site at OIA is important for the conservation of ad- jace nltocal populations .In this study, since adults were most frequentl yobserved in the shortest vegetation, a management system tbat prevent ssuccession to scrub is required. According to the airport oMcials, the grasslan dof the airport is mowed in rotation three times a year between spring and autumn, with a tractor-drawn mower. This management practic ec,onducted as par to'f the airport's weed control and bird avoidance programs ,is considered to have conserved the habita otf this species, OIA was established in 1939 when farmland swere widely distribute dareund the airport (Tbyonak aCity ,1999) .This species might have immigrated to the airport immediately after the establishment and long been utilizing the artificial grasslan ads a habita twith inter- changing individua lbsetween population isnsid eand outside the airpor t.Consider{n gthat most habitat osf Z. emetina around OIA have already been Ios tor degraded ,it is the first priorit yto maintain the population insid ethe airport to conserve this species in thjs area. NII-Electronic Library Service TThhee LLeepipdiopdteorpoltoegircaollSoocgieitycal Society oofJfap anJapan The Lycaenid Zizin aemelina in Osaka Internatiena lAirport 8J ・1 e' Fig .2.View of each subsite in the study site, Osaka Intcmationa lAirport ,central Japan on August 4, 2003. a : Runway B, b: Fire station, c: VORIDME, d: Baseball ficld. ao Eegh・E s!t! o 1 11 111VORtDME FireSt.Baseball Field RunwayB Fig. 3. Densit yof Z, emelina adults ebserved at each subsite in Osaka Intemationa lAirport on August 4, 2003, Acknowledgments We would like to express our sincere thanks to the members of the Osaka Regiona lCivil Aviatio nBureau and Airpoit of the OMce Kinki Regional Development Bureau, the Ministr yof Land, Infrastructur aend Transport a,nd the Airpor tAtfair sOthce of the Osaka PrefecturaGlovemment Kansai InternationalAirportOverallPlanPromotion Committee for giving us an opportunity to conduct the survey in the airport. Our thanks are also due to Mr S, Morichi and Mr S, Minohara of the Lepidopterologica lSociet yof Japan for their NII-Electronic Library Service TThhee  LLeepipdiopdteorpoltoegiroaollogical  SSoooiceityety  ooff  JJaapapnan 82 Minoru lsHi,i Norio HIRAI and  Toshiya HIRowATAR且 kind advice . This study  was  partl ysupported  by JSPS Grants−in−Aid for Scientific Research(No .15510i93 ), References  Fu kudaand,  HY,,.  HWaamtaan, aEbe, ,K!u9z8u4ya, , TTk.,e,  TLtafke aHhiasstho, riAie、y.  qTfa’ kBauhtatsehiiY7、 iMes加,, T砌an溜al(置a,3 B.., 3T73a npapk. a, HHo,j, kWuaskyaab,a yOassahkia,. M(ln.   Japanese with  Englisb summary ). Hanski,1.,1999. ilfetap ()pulation Ecolog),.3工3pp , Oxford Unjversi tPyress, New  York, H とmski ,1. and  D, SimbcrloffJ 997、 The metapopulation  approach , its history, concep 〔ua [dolnai、 nand  appli −      cPartleosn〜.  Lt{Q 川codnosner,vatlon . ln Hallski,1. and  M , E  Gilpin(Eds),、Vetapopuiation  Biotog),:5−26. Acadelnic 1}1in[stry of E1】vironmcnt  Japan,2006. Threatened lnsecta W〃dtif(e2f/apan − 〜〜e‘’Pata Book (2nd Edn).246   pp,(ln Japanese with  Englis hsummary ), Minc)hara, S., Moriじhi, S., ’Hirai, N . and  M . Ishii,2007. Distribut iaollnd 躙 sonal  occurrencc  of the lycaeni,d   Zizina emelina 〔de l〔)rza)(Lcpidopter↓aycaenidae), around  the Osal(a Intemation aAl呻 ort, ccntral   Japarl, TrattS. lepi.d Soc.ノapan  58;421−432.  Na kamEudraa (, EYdsり),2 0D0e3d, iCnuer raendnt  sctoantsuesrv atainodn th e offu tbuutr toefer bfulti teiesnr HJy acopnsaern vaVdo.l l }’a doirコligJciapa(n.spe加c , SlusnsQuse)c, :T1.7 a1n−d1 7K6..  Pu lliLne, pAi. dSop,,t2e0r0ol2.o gCiocnu lsSoec’tviaetity( 丿oηfβ Jεoa’p0a8yn, T.o3k4y5 op.p(I. n CJaampbanreisdeg),e Universit yPress, Cambrldge , Sei, K.,1996. Thebutterfly habitat son the riverside  In Tanaka, B.and  Y . Arita(Eds), Declin eand conservu −   tion of butterfii eisl Jlapan IV・ Yadori8a(spec ・lssue):Il3−117, Lcpid〔}pterologica lS〔}cicty  f Japan,   Tokyo ,(In Japanese with  English summ 段ry ). Sibattvi, iA.,1989. Decljne  and conservation  of but吐er∩ies in Japan, In Hama, E., Ishii, M . and  A , Shibatani   (Eds), Dedine and  conscrvation  of buttcrfl iien sJapan I. Ya‘loriga(spec . Issu)e:1−22. Lepido−   pにrological  SQciet yofJapan , Tokyo . Sunose, T. and  K. Eda (Eds),2003. The red data Iis tosf butte侃rie sin 43 Prefccture,s Japan,2002. Decline   and  cQnservation  of butte伍res in Japan.ノカSurlose, T, and K. Eda (Eds), Decline and  conservation  of   butterni eisn Japan V ・ Vadoriga(spec・1ssu)c:1−169, Lepidopterologica lSociet yof Japan, Tokyo.(ln   Japanese). Toyonaka City,1999・月「isto厂y{〜ブ7byo配‘鼠‘l C’砂(rev.Vcr.)3. Nature,7工gPP . 摘 要 大阪国際空港内におけるシル ビア シジ ミの生息状況 (石井 実 ・平井規央 ・広渡俊哉) 2003年8月4 囗に大阪府と兵庫県の府県境に位置する大阪国際空港内におい て シル ビアシジミZ∫跏 α eme /ina の生息状況調査を実施した.その結果,この調査で 166 ♂34旦 合計200個体の成虫が確認され た.成虫の密度は草丈が比較的低 くスズメ ノ ヒエ 属の 一種,メ ヒシバ ,,ム ラサキツ メクサ,ヘ ラオオバ コ, ハ ル シャギ クな どが優占する敷地内の野球場や滑走路周辺の草地で高かっ た、本種の主要な寄主植 物と考えられる ミヤコ グサは,すべ ての地点で確認されず、幼虫はシロ ツメクサやヤハ ズソ ウなどを利 用 して い る と考えられた.すでに大阪国際空港周辺の 本種の生息地が消失あるい は劣化 してい るこ とを考えると,この 空港内の個体群を維持することは,この 地域における本種の保全上きわめて重要で ある, (Accepted April 10.2007) Publishe bdy the Lepidopterologi Sc〔a〕cliety  ofJapan , 5−20, Motoyokoyama 2, Hachioji,Tokyo ,192−006−3 Japan 一 NNI工I工-EElleoetcrotniroonic  LLiibrbarryary  Service

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Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.