m NORMANS in South Wales, 1070-1171 By LYNN H. NELSON f UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS PRESS, AUSTIN Nelson_1136.pdf 1 11/27/2013 8:15:36 AM Library of Congress Catalog card No. 65-21296 Copyright © 1966 by Lynn H. Nelson All Rights Reserved Printed by the University of Texas Printing Division, Austin Bound by Universal Bookbindery, Inc., San Antonio ISBN 978-0-292-78105-4(cid:13)(library e-book) ISBN 978-0-292-78107-8(cid:13)(individual e-book) Nelson_1136.pdf 2 11/27/2013 8:15:36 AM I dedicate this book to my parents, Lynn and Helen Nelson Nelson_1136.pdf 3 11/27/2013 8:15:36 AM THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK CONTENTS Acknowledgments vii i. The Land and the People 3 ii. The Opening of the Norman Conquest 21 iii. Social Classes on the Domesday Frontier . . .. 42 iv. The Domesday Frontier 62 v. The Establishment of the Marcher Lordships . .. 79 vi. The Welsh Reaction 112 vii. The Cambro-Norman Reaction: The Invasion of Ireland 131 viii. The Cambro-Norman Society of South Wales . . . 151 ix. Conclusions 176 A Selected Bibliography 185 Index 205 MAP: Wales, 1070-1171 5 Nelson_1136.pdf 5 11/27/2013 8:15:36 AM THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The present work was designed not as a history of the Normans in South Wales but as an extended commentary upon that history. This particular approach was made possible only through the previous efforts of Sir Goronwy Edwards, J. E. Lloyd, T. Pierce-Jones, William Rees, and others. Therefore, the first task of these Acknowledgments must be to record my indebtedness to those scholars upon whose work I have attempted to build. Whatever new I have brought to this task also I owe to others. Among these are three of my former teachers to whom I feel a special debt of gratitude. Barnes F. Lathrop introduced me to those stand ards of judgment and performance which make up the historian's craft. What is more, by precept and example he made those standards worthwhile for a man to pursue. Walter Prescott Webb introduced me to a greater breadth of vision by pointing out that History is one great whole and that the arbitrary divisions of time and function of which historians are so fond lead more often to confusion than to convenience. My chief debt, however, I owe to A. R. Lewis, who insisted always that research be something more than the mere col lection and arrangement of data. He guided me in undertaking the present work, and offered advice and encouragement at every step. He has been both teacher and friend, and I cheerfully attribute all the virtues of this book to him. The defects I keep for myself. I have been encouraged and assisted by a host of people, and can single out but a few for special thanks. The Regents of The University of Texas made possible the grant under which I was able to pursue research in England and Wales. The libraries and staff of the Univer sities of Texas, Kansas, London, and Wales, together with those of the Institute of Historical Research and the British Museum, have been unfailingly kind and helpful. My friends and associates have been generous with both time and Nelson_1136.pdf 7 11/27/2013 8:15:36 AM viii The Normans in South Wales patience. To them I can only say that I hope that my work is worthy of the good will they have shown. Finally, my special thanks to my wife, Carolyn, who has steadfastly refused to be bored by the whole affair. L. H. NELSON Lawrence, Kansas Nelson_1136.pdf 8 11/27/2013 8:15:36 AM The Normans in South Wales, 1070-1171 Nelson_1136.pdf 9 11/27/2013 8:15:36 AM