The Nietzsche Reader BLACKWELL READERS In a number of disciplines, across a number of decades, and in a number of languages, writers and texts have emerged which require the attention of students and scholars around the world. United only by a concern with radical ideas, Blackwell Readers collect and introduce the works of pre-eminent theorists. Often translating works for the first time (Levinas, Irigaray, Lyotard, Blanchot, Kristeva), or presenting material previously inaccessible (C. L. R. James, Fanon, Elias), each volume in the series intro- duces and represents work which is now fundamental to study in the humanities and social sciences. The Lyotard Reader The Virilio Reader Edited by Andrew Benjamin Edited by James Der Derian The Irigaray Reader The Hegel Reader Edited by Margaret Whitford Edited by Stephen Houlgate The Kristeva Reader The Norbert Elias Reader Edited by Toril Moi Edited by Johan Goudsblom and Stephen Mennell The Levinas Reader Edited by Sean Hand The Angela Y. Davis Reader Edited by Joy James The C. L. R. James Reader Edited by Anna Grimshaw The Stanley Fish Reader Edited by H. Aram Veeser The Wittgenstein Reader, Second Edition Edited by Anthony Kenny The Yiyek Reader Edited by Elizabeth Wright and Edmond Wright The Blanchot Reader Edited by Michael Holland The Talcott Parsons Reader Edited by Bryan S. Turner The Lukács Reader Edited by Arpad Kadarkay The Certeau Reader Edited by Graham Ward The Cavell Reader Edited by Stephen Mulhall The Adorno Reader Edited by Brian O’Connor The Guattari Reader Edited by Garry Genosko The Jameson Reader Edited by Michael Hardt and Kathi Weeks The Bataille Reader Edited by Fred Botting and Scott Wilson The Bauman Reader Edited by Peter Beilharz The Eagleton Reader Edited by Stephen Regan The Raymond Williams Reader Edited by John Higgins The Castoriadis Reader Edited by David Ames Curtis The Kierkegaard Reader Edited by Jane Chamberlain and Jonathan Rée The Goffman Reader Edited by Charles Lemert and The Tocqueville Reader Ann Branaman Edited by Olivier Zunz and Alan S. Kahan The Frege Reader The Nietzsche Reader Edited by Michael Beaney Edited by Keith Ansell Pearson and Duncan Large The Nietzsche Reader Edited by Keith Ansell Pearson and Duncan Large © 2006 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd BLACKWELL PUBLISHING 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK 550 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia The right of Keith Ansell Pearson and Duncan Large to be identified as the Authors of the Editorial Material in this Work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. First published 2006 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd 1 2006 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data has been applied for ISBN-13: 978–0–631–22653–6 (hardback) ISBN-10: 0–631–22653–2 (hardback) ISBN-13: 978–0–631–22654–3 (paperback) ISBN-10: 0–631–22654–0 (paperback) A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library. Set in 10.5/12.5pt Bembo by Graphicraft Limited, Hong Kong Printed and bound in the United Kingdom by TJ International, Padstow, Cornwall The publisher’s policy is to use permanent paper from mills that operate a sustainable forestry policy, and which has been manufactured from pulp processed using acid-free and elementary chlorine-free practices. Furthermore, the publisher ensures that the text paper and cover board used have met acceptable environmental accreditation standards. For further information on Blackwell Publishing, visit our website: www.blackwellpublishing.com Contents Preface xi Acknowledgments xiv Abbreviations xvii General Introduction xviii A Chronology of Friedrich Nietzsche xli Part I Beginnings 1 Introduction 3 1 Fate and History: Thoughts (1862) 12 2 Freedom of Will and Fate (1862) 16 3 My Life (1863) 18 4 On Moods (1864) 21 5 On Schopenhauer (1868) 24 Part II Early Writings 31 Introduction 33 6 The Birth of Tragedy from the Spirit of Music (1872) 42 7 The Greek State (1871–2) 88 8 Homer’s Contest (1872) 95 vi contents 9 Philosophy in the Tragic Age of the Greeks (1873) 101 10 On Truth and Lies in a Nonmoral Sense (1873) 114 11 On the Utility and Liability of History for Life (1874) 124 12 Schopenhauer as Educator (1874) 142 Part III The Middle Period 151 Introduction 153 13 Human, All Too Human: A Book for Free Spirits, volume 1 (1878) 161 Section 1: Of First and Last Things 161 Section 2: On the History of Moral Feelings 170 Section 4: From the Soul of Artists and Writers 179 Section 5: Signs of Higher and Lower Culture 180 Section 8: A Look at the State 183 Section 9: Man Alone with Himself 187 14 Daybreak: Thoughts on the Prejudices of Morality (1881) 191 Book I 191 Book II 196 Book III 201 Book V 205 15 The Gay Science (1882) 207 Book I 207 Book II 212 Book III 219 Book IV 226 16 Notes from 1881 238 Part IV Thus Spoke Zarathustra 243 Introduction 245 17 Thus Spoke Zarathustra: A Book for Everyone and No One (1883–5) 254 Zarathustra’s Prologue 254 Zarathustra’s Discourses 263 contents vii Part I: Of the Three Metamorphoses 263 Of the Despisers of the Body 264 Of the Thousand and One Goals 265 Of the Bestowing Virtue 267 Part II: Of Self-Overcoming 270 Of Immaculate Perception 272 Of Redemption 274 Part III: Of the Vision and the Riddle 277 Of the Spirit of Gravity 280 The Convalescent 282 Part IV: The Sleepwalker’s Song 286 The Sign 291 Part V The Later Writings 293 1886–1887 295 Introduction 297 18 Beyond Good and Evil: Prelude to a Philosophy of the Future (1886) 311 Preface 311 Section 1: On the Prejudices of Philosophers 312 Section 2: The Free Spirit 324 Section 3: The Religious Disposition 332 Section 4: Epigrams and Interludes 336 Section 5: Towards a Natural History of Morals 339 Section 6: We Scholars 344 Section 7: Our Virtues 347 Section 8: Peoples and Fatherlands 350 Section 9: What Is Noble? 354 19 The Gay Science, Book V (1887) 362 20 European Nihilism (1887) 385 21 On the Genealogy of Morality: A Polemic (1887) 390 Preface 390 First Essay: “Good and Evil,” “Good and Bad” 395 Second Essay: “Guilt,” “Bad Conscience,” and Related Matters 408 Third Essay: What Do Ascetic Ideals Mean? 424 1888–1889 437 Introduction 439 viii contents 22 The Case of Wagner: A Musicians’ Problem (1888) 451 23 Twilight of the Idols; or, How to Philosophize with a Hammer (1888) 456 Maxims and Barbs 456 The Problem of Socrates 458 “Reason” in Philosophy 462 How the “Real World” Finally Became a Fable 464 Morality as Anti-Nature 465 The Four Great Errors 468 The “Improvers” of Humanity 473 Reconnaissance Raids of an Untimely Man 473 What I Owe the Ancients 483 24 The Anti-Christ: Curse on Christianity (1888) 486 25 Ecce Homo: How One Becomes What One Is (1888) 500 Foreword 500 Why I Am So Wise 502 Why I Am So Clever 506 Why I Write Such Good Books 509 Why I Am a Destiny 514 26 Four Letters (1888–9) 517 To Georg Brandes, April 10, 1888 517 To Karl Knortz, June 21, 1888 519 To Franz Overbeck, October 18, 1888 520 To Jacob Burckhardt, January 6, 1889 521 A Guide to Further Reading 525 Index 545 To the memory of R. J. Hollingdale (1930–2001)