THE NEW CENSORSHIP Columbia Journalism Review Books C6547.indb i 8/28/14 10:39 AM COLUMBIA JOURNALISM REVIEW BOOKS Series Editors: Victor Navasky, Evan Cornog, Mike Hoyt, and the editors of the C olumbia Journalism Review For more than fi fty years, the Columbia Journalism Review has been the gold stan- dard for media criticism, holding the profession to the highest standards and exploring where journalism is headed, for good and for ill. Columbia Journalism Review Books expands upon this mission, seeking to publish titles that allow for greater depth in exploring key issues confronting journalism, both past and present, and pointing to new ways of thinking about the fi eld’s impact and potential. Drawing on the expertise of the editorial staff at the C olumbia Journalism Review as well as the Columbia Journalism School, the series of books will seek out innova- tive voices as well as reclaim important works, traditions, and standards. In doing this, the series will also incorporate new ways of publishing made available by the Web and e-books. Second Read: Writers Look Back at Classic Works of Reportage , edited by James Marcus and the Staff of the C olumbia Journalism Review Th e Story So Far: What We Know About the Business of Digital Journalism , Bill Grue- skin, Ava Seave, and Lucas Graves Th e Best Business Writing 2012 , edited by Dean Starkman, Martha M. Hamilton, Ryan Chittum, and Felix Salmon Th e Art of Making Magazines: On Being an Editor and Other Views from the Industry, edited by Victor S. Navasky and Evan Cornog Th e Best Business Writing 2013, edited by Dean Starkman, Martha M. Hamilton, Ryan Chittum, and Felix Salmon Th e Watchdog Th at Didn’t Bark: Th e Financial Crisis and the Disappearance of Investi- gative Journalism , Dean Starkman Beyond News: Th e Future of Journalism , Mitchell Stephens C6547.indb ii 8/28/14 10:39 AM T H E N E W C E N S O R SH I P Inside the Global Battle for Media Freedom Joel Simon Columbia University Press New York C6547.indb iii 8/28/14 10:39 AM Columbia University Press Publishers Since 1893 New York Chichester, West Sussex cup.columbia.edu Copyright © 2015 Joel Simon All rights reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Simon, Joel, 1964– Th e new censorship : inside the global battle for media freedom / Joel Simon. pages cm. —(Columbia journalism review books) Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 978-0-231-16064-3 (cloth : alk. paper)—isbn 978-0-231-53833-6 (e-book) 1. Journalism—Political aspects—History—21st century. 2. Censorship—History—21st century. 3. Freedom of the press—History—21st century. 4. Press and politics—History—21st century. 5. Journalists—Violence against. I. Title. pn4751.s56 2014 363.31097309′05—dc23 2014012961 Columbia University Press books are printed on permanent and durable acid-free paper. Th is book is printed on paper with recycled content. Printed in the United States of America c 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 cover design: Archie Ferguson References to websites (URLs) were accurate at the time of writing. Neither the author nor Columbia University Press is responsible for URLs that may have expired or changed since the manuscript was prepared. C6547.indb iv 8/28/14 10:39 AM For Ingrid C6547.indb v 8/28/14 10:39 AM C6547.indb vi 8/28/14 10:39 AM Contents Acknowledgments ix INTRODUCTION A Murder in Pakistan 1 ONE Informing the Global Citizen 11 TWO Th e Democratators 32 THREE Th e Terror Dynamic 63 FOUR Hostage to the News 82 FIVE Web Wars 93 SIX Under Surveillance 112 C6547.indb vii 8/28/14 10:39 AM viii CONTENTS SEVEN Murder Central 125 EIGHT Journalists by Defi nition 150 NINE News of the Future (and the Future of News) 172 Notes 193 Selected Bibliography 217 Index 225 C6547.indb viii 8/28/14 10:39 AM Acknowledgments Th e New Censorship was written over a three-year period, between 2011 and 2013. However, the book draws on my experience of more than fi fteen years spent defending press freedom and on the insights, observations, and research of colleagues and collaborators over an extended period of time. Among the many leaders in the struggle for freedom of expression whose ides have informed my own are Agnes Callamard, Christophe Deloire, Annie Game, Jean-Francois Julliard, John Kampfner, Rony Koven, Alison Bethel MacKenzie, Julio Muñoz, Ricardo Trotti, and Aidan White. While I have consulted a wide variety of sources and experts in framing my analysis, it should come as no surprise that I rely heav- ily on the press freedom research carried out by the extraordinary staff at the Committee to Protect Journalists. Th e contributions of CPJ experts are acknowledged in the endnotes notes of each chapter, but I would like to recognize the support of key individuals. Among them are Robert Mahoney, Bill Sweeney, Carlos Lauría, Elisabeth Witchel, Jean-Paul Marthoz, and Özgür Öğret, who all read drafts and provided commentary and insight. I’d also like to acknowledge the guidance and support of my predecessors as executive director: Anne Nelson, Bill Orme, and particularly Ann Cooper, who provided encouragement, support, and detailed feedback on various drafts. During my time at CPJ, I have had the opportunity to work closely with four diff erent board chairman, Gene Roberts, Dave Laventhol, Paul Steiger, and Sandy Rowe. All provided outstanding leadership, C6547.indb ix 8/28/14 10:39 AM