Theperiodof thetenthandearlyeleventhcenturieswascrucialinthe formation of Europe, much of whose political geography and larger- scaledivisionsbegantotakeshapeatthistime.Itwasalsoaneraof great fragmentation,andhenceof differenceswhichhavebeenmagnifiedby modernnationalhistoriographicaltraditions.Theinternationalteamof authorsinthisvolumeofTheNewCambridgeMedievalHistory reflectsthese varyingtraditions,andprovidesanauthoritativesurveyof theperiodin itsownterms. The volume is divided into three sections. The first covers common themesandtopicssuchastheeconomy,government,andreligiouscul- tural and intellectual life. The second is devoted to the kingdoms and principalities which had emerged within the area of the former Carolingian empire, as well as the ‘honorary Carolingian’ region of England. The final section deals with the emergent principalities of easternEuropeandthenewandestablishedempiresandstateletsof the Mediterraneanworld. Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 TheNewCambridgeMedievalHistory   DavidAbulafia RosamondMcKitterick MartinBrett EdwardPowell SimonKeynes JonathanShepard PeterLinehan PeterSpufford    Volume c. –c. Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 THE NEW CAMBRIDGE MEDIEVAL HISTORY   Volume c. –c. III   TIMOTHY REUTER ProfessorofMedievalHistory UniversityofSouthampton Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008  Cambridge,NewYork,Melbourne,Madrid,CapeTown,Singapore,Sa~oPaulo CambridgeUniversityPress TheEdinburghBuilding,Cambridge,UK PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyCambridgeUniversityPress,NewYork www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/ ©CambridgeUniversityPress Thisbookisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithout thewrittenpermissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. 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Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 CONTENTS Listof maps pagex Listof plates xi Listof contributors xiii Preface xv Listof abbreviations xviii  Introduction:readingthetenthcentury     :    Ruraleconomyandcountrylife     Merchants,marketsandtowns     Rulersandgovernment   .   TheChurch     Monasticism:thefirstwaveof reform     Intellectuallife     Artistsandpatrons   - vii Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 viii   : -   TheOttoniansaskingsandemperors   -  SaxonyandtheElbeSlavsinthetenthcentury     Bavariainthetenthandearlyeleventhcenturies     Lotharingia     BurgundyandProvence,–      Thekingdomof Italy     WestFrancia:thekingdom     WestFrancia:thenorthernprincipalities     WesternFrancia:thesouthernprincipalities     England,c.–     : -   EuropeanRussia,c.–c.   .   BohemiaandPoland:twoexamplesof successfulSlavonic state-formation     Hungary     Byzantiuminequilibrium,–    Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 Contents ix  Bulgaria:theotherBalkan‘empire’     Byzantiumexpanding,–     ByzantiumandtheWest     SouthernItalyinthetenthcentury  . .   Sicilyandal-AndalusunderMuslimrule     TheSpanishkingdoms    Appendix:rulerandgenealogicaltables  Listof primarysources  Bibliographyof secondaryworksarrangedbychapter  Index  Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 MAPS  UrbansettlementsandemporiaintheScandinavianandBaltic regions   Archbishopricsandbishopricsintheearlyeleventhcentury ‒  Monasticcentresinthetenthandearlyeleventhcenturies   Germany ‒  Lotharingia   BurgundyandProvence   Thekingdomof Italy,c.   Thekingdomof France,c.   Englandinthetenthcentury   EuropeanRussiaintheninthandtenthcenturies   Poland,BohemiaandHungary   Bulgariainthetenthcentury   Byzantiumin ‒  SouthernItaly   TheSpanishpeninsula,c.  x Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008