the new blackwell companion to the sociology of religion BLACKWELL COMPANIONS TO SOCIOLOGY The Blackwell Companions to Sociology provide introductions to emerging topics and theoretical orientations in sociology as well as presenting the scope and quality of the discipline as it is currently confi gured. Essays in the Companions tackle broad themes or central puzzles within the fi eld and are authored by key scholars who have spent considerable time in research and refl ection on the questions and controversies that have activated interest in their area. This authoritative series will interest those studying sociology at advanced undergraduate or graduate level as well as scholars in the social sciences and informed readers in applied disciplines. The Blackwell Companion to Major Classical Social Theorists Edited by George Ritzer The Blackwell Companion to Major Contemporary Social Theorists Edited by George Ritzer The Blackwell Companion to Political Sociology Edited by Kate Nash and Alan Scott The Blackwell Companion to Sociology Edited by Judith R. Blau The Blackwell Companion to Criminology Edited by Colin Sumner The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements Edited by David A. Snow, Sarah A. Soule, and Hanspeter Kriesi The Blackwell Companion to the Sociology of Families Edited by Jacqueline Scott, Judith Treas, and Martin Richards The Blackwell Companion to Law and Society Edited by Austin Sarat The Blackwell Companion to the Sociology of Culture Edited by Mark Jacobs and Nancy Hanrahan The Blackwell Companion to Social Inequalities Edited by Mary Romero and Eric Margolis The New Blackwell Companion to Social Theory Edited by Bryan S. Turner The New Blackwell Companion to Medical Sociology Edited by William C. Cockerham The New Blackwell Companion to the Sociology of Religion Edited by Bryan S. Turner Also available: The Blackwell Companion to Globalization Edited by George Ritzer the new blackwell companion to The Sociology Of Religion edited by bryan s. turner A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication This edition fi rst published 2010 © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd Blackwell Publishing was acquired by John Wiley & Sons in February 2007. Blackwell’s publishing program has been merged with Wiley’s global Scientifi c, Technical, and Medical business to form Wiley-Blackwell. 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If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The new Blackwell companion to the sociology of religion / edited by Bryan S. Turner. p. cm. – (Blackwell companions to sociology) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4051-8852-4 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Religion and sociology. I. Turner, Bryan S. BL60.B53 2010 306.6–dc22 2009041472 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Set in 10/12.5pt Sabon by Toppan Best-set Premedia Limited Printed in Singapore 1 2010 Contents Notes on Contributors viii Introduction: Mapping the Sociology of Religion 1 Bryan S. Turner PART I THE FOUNDATIONS 31 1 The Sociology of Religion: The Foundations 33 Andrew McKinnon 2 Durkheim and After: Religion, Culture, and Politics 52 William Ramp 3 The Functional Theory of Religion 76 Victor Lidz 4 Recent Developments in the Anthropology of Religion 103 Simon Coleman PART II FROM SECULARIZATION TO RESACRALIZATION 123 5 Secularization 125 Steve Bruce 6 American Exceptionalism? 141 John Torpey 7 Resacralization 160 Grace Davie PART III NEW DEVELOPMENTS 179 8 Rational Choice and the Sociology of Religion 181 David Lehmann vi contents 9 The Religious Habitus: Embodiment, Religion, and Sociological Theory 201 Philip A. Mellor and Chris Shilling 10 Women, Religions, and Feminisms 221 Fang-Long Shih PART IV INSTITUTIONALIZATION: OLD AND NEW FORMS 245 11 New Research on Megachurches: Non-denominationalism and Sectarianism 247 Stephen Ellingson 12 The Sociology of Spirituality: Refl ections on a Problematic Endeavor 267 Matthew Wood 13 Arguing against Darwinism: Religion, Science, and Public Morality 286 Michael S. Evans and John H. Evans PART V SOCIOLOGY OF COMPARATIVE RELIGIONS 309 14 The Sociology of Early Christianity: From History to Theory, and Back Again 311 Joseph M. Bryant 15 Judaism: Covenant, Pluralism, and Piety 340 Alan Mittleman 16 Sociology and Anthropology of Islam: A Critical Debate 364 Gabriele Marranci 17 Approaches to the Study of Buddhism 388 Catherine Newell 18 Sociology of Hinduism 407 Pratap Kumar Penumala 19 Religious Awakening in China under Communist Rule: A Political Economy Approach 431 Fenggang Yang 20 Native American Religious Traditions: A Sociological Approach 456 Dennis F. Kelley PART VI GLOBALIZATION 475 21 Globalization and the Sociology of Religion 477 Lionel Obadia contents vii 22 Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements in a Global Perspective 498 Afe Adogame 23 Fundamentalism 519 Richard T. Antoun 24 Religion, Media, and Globalization 544 Jeremy Stolow 25 Toward a Sociology of Religious Commodifi cation 563 Pattana Kitiarsa 26 Women and Piety Movements 584 Rachel Rinaldo 27 Religion and Nationalism: A Critical Re-examination 606 Geneviève Zubrzycki PART VII THE FUTURE OF RELIGION 627 28 The Future of Religion 629 Andrew Wernick 29 Religion in a Post-secular Society 649 Bryan S. Turner Index 668 Notes on Contributors Afe Adogame holds a PhD in History of Religions from Bayreuth University, Germany. He now teaches Religious Studies/World Christianity at the University of Edinburgh, UK. His special fi elds of teaching/research include: Religion and the African Diaspora, African Religions, Sociology of Religion, and Method and Theory in the Study of Religion. Dr Adogame has ethnographical expertise in African Christian communities in continental Europe (especially in Germany and the UK) and in the USA. He is the author of Celestial Church of Christ: The Politics of Cultural identity in a West African Prophetic - charismatic Movement (1999); (co - edited) European Traditions in the Study of Religion in Africa (2004); Religion in the Context of African Migration (2005); C hristianity in Africa and the African Diaspora: The Appropriation of a Scattered Heritage (2008); and Unpacking the New: Critical Perspectives on Cultural Syncretization in African and Beyond (2008). He is on the Editorial Board of several scientifi c journals including the Journal of Religion in Africa; A frican Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Africa in a Global World ; I nternational Studies in Religion and Society ; and is Associate Editor of the Studies in World Christianity . Richard T. Antoun is Professor Emeritus of Anthropology at the State University of New York in Binghamton. A Fulbright Scholar and past president of the Middle East Studies Association, he has taught at Indiana University; Manchester Univer- sity, England; and as visiting professor at the American University if Beirut, Cairo University, and the University of Chicago. On the basis of extensive fi eldwork in Jordan and Iran, he has written four books: Arab Village: A Social Structural Study of a Transjordanian Peasant Community (1972); L ow - Key Politics: Local- level Leadership and Change in the Middle East (1979); M uslim Preacher in the Modern World: A Jordanian Case Study in Comparative Perspective (1989); and Document- ing Transnational Migration: Jordanian Men Working and Studying in Europe, Asia and North America (2005). A fi fth book is comparative and cross - cultural: Under- standing Fundamentalism: Christian, Islamic and Jewish Movements (2001). This book has just been reprinted in a second edition, which features a new chapter on