The Natural Science of the Human Species : An Introduction to Comparative Behavioral title: Research : the "Russian Manuscript" (1944- 1948) Lorenz, Konrad.; Cranach, Agnes von.; author: Martin, R. D. publisher: MIT Press isbn10 | asin: 0262121905 print isbn13: 9780262121903 ebook isbn13: 9780585341996 language: English Psychology, Comparative, Psychology, subject Comparative--Research--Methodology-- History, Psychology and philosophy. publication date: 1996 lcc: BF671.L8513 1995eb ddc: 156 Psychology, Comparative, Psychology, subject: Comparative--Research--Methodology-- History, Psychology and philosophy. Page i The Natural Science of the Human Species Page ii Also by Konrad Lorenz King Solomon's Ring Man Meets Dog On Aggression Studies in Animal and Human Behavior Civilized Man's Eight Deadly Sins Behind the Mirror: A Search for a Natural History of Human Knowledge The Year of the Greylag Goose Here Am IWhere Are You?: The Behavior of the Greylag Goose Page iii The Natural Science of the Human Species An Introduction to Comparative Behavioral Research The "Russian Manuscript" (1944 1948) Konrad Lorenz Edited from the posthumous works by Agnes von Cranach Translated by Robert D. Martin With 12 drawings by the author © 1996 Massachusetts Institute of Technology This work originally appeared in 1992 under the title Die Naturwissenschaft vom Menschen: Eine Enführung in die vergleichende Verhaltensforschung. Das "Russische Manuskript" (1944 1948). The translation from the original German edition was subsidized by Inter Nationes, Bonn. © 1992 by R. Piper GmbH & Co. KG, Munchen All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher. This book was set in Baskerville by Graphic Composition, Inc., and was printed and bound in the United States of America. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lorenz, Konrad, 1903 1989 [Naturwissenschaft vom Menschen. English] The natural science of the human species : an introduction to comparative behavioral research : the "Russian Manuscript" (1944 1948) / edited from the posthumous works by Agnes yon Cranach; translated by Robert D. Martin; with 12 drawings by the author. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 0-262-12190-5 (alk. paper) 1. Psychology, Comparative. 2. Psychology, ComparativeResearch MethodologyHistory. 3. Psychology and philosophy. I. Cranach, Agnes yon. II. Title. BF671.L8513 1995 156dc20 94-48788 CIP Page v CONTENTS Editor's Foreword ix Translator's Foreword xvii What Is Our Goal? xxv Part One: Introduction to Comparative Behavioral Research I Philosophical Prolegomena 1 5 Natural Science and Idealistic Philosophy 2 27 Induction 3 39 The Consistent Hierarchical System of the Natural Sciences 4 53 On the Possibility of a Synthesis between the Natural Sciences and the Humanities II Biological Prolegomena 5 83 General Attempts to Define Life 6 99 The Unique Historical Origin of Organisms and the Phylogenetic Approach Page vi 7 137 The Organism as an Entity and Analysis on a Broad Front 8 151 Finality 9 157 The Mind-Body Problem III Historical Origins and Methods of Comparative Behavioral Research 10 179 Preconditions 11 185 Vitalism 12 195 Mechanism 13 209 The Implications of the Conflict between Vitalism and Mechanism for Behavioral Research 14 213 The Inductive Basis of Comparative Ethology 15 221 Animal Keeping as a Research Method 16 235 The Origin of the Comparative Phylogenetic Approach in Behavioral Research 17 241