THE MULTILINGUAL PHYSIOLOGUS INSTRVMENTA PATRISTICA ET MEDIAEVALIA THE MULTILINGUAL Research on the Inheritance of Early and Medieval Christianity PHYSIOLOGUS 84 STUDIES IN THE OLDEST GREEK RECENSION AND ITS TRANSLATIONS edited by Caroline Macé Jost Gippert 2021 THE MULTILINGUAL PHYSIOLOGUS STUDIES IN THE OLDEST GREEK RECENSION AND ITS TRANSLATIONS edited by Caroline Macé Jost Gippert F 2021 INSTRVMENTA PATRISTICA ET MEDIAEVALIA Research on the Inheritance of Early and Medieval Christianity Founded by Dom Eligius Dekkers († 1998) Rita Beyers Alexander andrée Emanuela coloMBi Georges declercq Jeroen deploiGe Paul-Augustin deproost Anthony dupont Jacques elfassi Guy Guldentops Hugh HouGHton Mathijs laMBeriGts Johan leeMans Paul Mattei Gert partoens Marco petoletti Dominique poirel Kees scHepers Paul toMBeur Marc Van uytfanGHe Wim VerBaal D/2021/0095/23 ISBN 978–2-503–58974-9 E-ISBN 978–2-503–58975-6 DOI 10.1484/M.IPM-EB.5.120467 ISSN 1379–9878 E-ISSN 2294–8457 © 2021, Brepols Publishers n.v./s.a., Turnhout, Belgium. 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Table of Contents Preface 15 Caroline Macé & Jost Gippert Appendix: the Coptic tradition – Alin Suciu 26 Part I The transmission of the Greek Physiologus and its translations 29 1 Introduction to the Physiologus 31 Horst Schneider 1.1 The four recensions according to Sbordone’s edition 32 1.2 General questions 32 1.3 The term ‘Physiologus’ 33 1 4 The literary genre 33 1 5 The exegetical method 34 1 6 Animals, plants, stones, hybrid beings, and divinity 34 1 7 The order of the chapters 37 1 8 The formal structure of the chapters 37 1 9 Variants of transmission: additions, scholia, etc 39 1 10 Emergence and interpretation of the text 43 1 11 Conclusions 46 2 The Greek tradition of the first recension (Phys. Gr. I) 49 Caroline Macé 2 1 Editions 49 2.2 Manuscripts 53 2 3 Relationships between the manuscripts 72 2.3.1 Two Greek redactions 72 2.3.2 Phys. Gr. I α (Sbordone’s quarta classis) 74 2.3.3 Phys. Gr. I β (Sbordone’s classes 1–3) 80 2.3.4 Consequences for the edition 83 2 4 The papyrus 84 2 5 Indirect tradition 90 2 5 1 Other recensions of the Physiologus 91 2 5 2 Pseudo-Eustathius, In Hexaemeron (CPG 3393) 96 2 5 3 Another form of the text in Oxford, Bodleian Library, Barocci 50 105 6 table of contents 2 6 Conclusion 106 Appendix: Table 2 3 107 3 The Latin tradition 109 Shari Boodts & Caroline Macé 3 1 Introduction and state of the art 109 3 1 1 The earliest editions of the Latin Physiologus 111 3 1 2 Towards a clearer picture of the history of the text: Phys Lat y, b, and x 114 3 1 3 Further developed versions and translations of the Latin Physiologus 116 3 2 Phys Lat y 117 3.2.1 Carmody’s edition (1941) 117 3.2.2 Manuscripts of Phys. Lat. y 118 3 2 3 A few notes about the critical text 121 3 3 Phys Lat b 123 3.3.1 Carmody’s edition (1939) 123 3.3.2 Manuscripts of Phys. Lat. b 124 3 3 3 A note on the number of chapters in Phys Lat b 127 3 3 4 A note on the critical text 128 3.4 Mixed manuscripts 128 3 5 The relationship between Phys Lat y and b 132 3 6 Another recension depending on *Phys Lat v 138 3 7 Phys Lat x 143 3.7.1 State of the art 143 3.7.2 Manuscripts of Phys. Lat. x 144 3 7 3 A few notes about the translation 145 3.8 Other reworked versions of the Latin Physiologus 148 3 8 1 The Dicta Chrysostomi (Phys. Lat. d) 148 3 8 2 The Physiologus Theobaldi (Phys. Lat. t) 150 3 9 The indirect tradition of the Latin Physiologus 151 3 9 1 The oldest traces of the Physiologus in Latin 3 9 1 literature 151 3 9 2 The Liber glossarum 152 3.10 Biblical quotations 153 3 11 Illustrations 153 table of contents 7 3 12 Conclusions 155 Appendix: Tables 3 1 and 3 2 157 4 The Ethiopic tradition 159 Massimo Villa 4 1 Introduction 159 4 2 Previous scholarship 160 4 3 The translation: date, place, milieu, Vorlage 162 4 4 Phenomenology of the Ethiopic names of animals, 4 4 plants, and stones 164 4.5 The treatment of the Biblical quotations 168 4.6 A multiple-recension tradition: Phys. Eth. α, Phys. 4 6 Eth. β, and Phys. Eth. γ 170 4 7 The manuscript tradition 174 4 8 The indirect tradition in the Ethiopic literature 184 4 8 1 The Visions of abba Näbyud 185 4 8 2 The Book of the Mysteries of the Heaven and 4 8 2 the Earth 185 4.8.3 The ‘autobiography’ of Ṗäwlos 187 4 8 4 The Psalms of Christ 188 4 8 5 The influence on the Ethiopian lexicographic 4 8 5 tradition 190 4 8 6 The influence on the Ethiopian exegetical tra- 4 8 6 dition 191 4 8 7 The influence on visual art 192 4 9 Conclusions 193 Appendix: Table 4 1 195 5 The Syriac tradition 197 Sami Aydin 5 1 Introduction 197 5 2 Previous scholarship and editions 198 5.3 Manuscripts 202 5.4 The individual Syriac versions, their internal rela- 5 4 tionships, and Vorlagen 210 5 4 1 The position of manuscript B 210 5 4 2 The position of the Book of Natures (O) 214 5 4 3 The position of the Book on the Characteristics 5 4 3 of Animals (L) 216 5.4.4 The position of the Leiden manuscript (G) 217 8 table of contents 5.4.5 General observations 220 5 5 Indirect tradition 221 5 6 Concluding considerations about the translations 232 Appendix: Table 5 1 235 6 The Arabic tradition – first part: Phys. Arab. β 237 Sibylle Wentker 6 1 Introduction 237 6 2 Previous scholarship 237 6 3 The manuscript tradition 239 6.4 The four groups of the Phys. Arab. β 244 6 5 The Vorlage of Phys. Arab. β 250 6 6 Names of the animals, plants and stones 250 6 7 Language 251 6 7 1 Linguistic presentation of the Arabic texts 251 6 7 2 Terminology 252 6.8 General characteristics of the translation 254 6 9 Commentary on the pelican 257 6 10 Afterlife 258 6 11 Conclusion 260 7 The Arabic tradition – second part: Phys. Arab. α 263 Adrian Pirtea 7 1 Introduction 263 7 2 Earlier scholarship 264 7.3 Manuscripts 267 7 4 Relationship to other forms of the Physiologus – A preliminary assessment 270 7.4.1 The relationship to Phys. Arab. β 270 7.4.2 The relationship to Phys. Gr. β 273 7 5 Conclusion 274 Appendix I: Comparative tables of select passages 276 Appendix II: Table 7 1 279 8 The Armenian tradition 281 Gohar Muradyan & Aram Topchyan 8 1 Previous scholarship 281 8 2 The manuscript tradition 282 8.3 The Armenian translation (Phys. Arm. α) 286 8 3 1 Date of the translation 287 table of contents 9 8 3 2 Contents 287 8.3.3 The Greek Vorlage 288 8 3 4 Animal names 288 8.4 Recensions β and γ of the Armenian translation 290 8.4.1 Recension β 290 8.4.2 Recension γ 290 8.4.3 Composition of recensions β and γ 291 8 5 The second set of additional chapters 294 8 6 Traces of the Physiologus in later Armenian lit- erature and art 298 9 The Georgian tradition 305 Jost Gippert 9 1 Introduction 305 9 2 Previous scholarship 305 9 3 The manuscript tradition 310 9.4 The Georgian translation and its Vorlage 317 9.5 The Georgian version: date, place, and milieu of its emergence 343 9 6 The impact of the Physiologus in the Georgian writ- ten tradition 345 Appendix: Tables 9 1, 9 2 and 9 4 347 10 The Old Church Slavonic tradition 351 Ana Stoykova 10 1 Introduction 351 10 2 Previous scholarship and editions 352 10 3 The manuscript tradition 358 10.3.1 The first translation (Phys. Slav. α) 358 10.3.2 The second translation (Phys. Slav. β) 364 10.4 Analysis of Phys. Slav. α 365 10.4.1 The Greek Vorlage 365 10.4.2 The chapters of Phys. Slav. α and Phys. Slav. β and their sequence 368 10 4 3 Text-critical notes 372 10 4 4 The manuscript context 376 10 4 5 The illustrations 377 10 4 6 The indirect tradition 378 10.5. Analysis of Phys. Slav. β 379 10 table of contents 10 6 Other recensions, versions, and revisions of the Physiologus in Slavonic translation 380 10.6.1 The Byzantine (second) Greek recension in 10 6 1 Slavonic translation 380 10.6.2 The Pseudo-Basilian (third) Greek recension 10 6 2 in Slavonic translation 380 10 6 3 Excerpt from the Commentary to the Hexae- 10 6 3 meron by Pseudo-Eustathius of Antioch 382 10 7 Concluding considerations on the history of the text 383 Appendix: Table 10 2 385 Part II Multilingual edition of the chapters on the pelican and on the panther 387 1 Introduction to the editions (ratio edendi) 389 1 1 Latin abbreviations 390 1.2 Greek (Caroline Macé) 390 1.2.1 Phys. Gr. α 391 1.2.2 Phys. Gr. β 391 1 2 3 Orthography and punctuation 392 1 2 4 Use of the ancient translations 392 1 2 5 Biblical text of reference 392 1 2 6 Conspectus siglorum 393 1.3 Latin (Shari Boodts & Caroline Macé) 394 1 3 1 Phys Lat y and b 394 1 3 2 Phys Lat x 395 1 3 3 Presentation of the editions 396 1 3 4 Orthography and punctuation 396 1 3 5 Biblical text of reference 396 1 3 6 Conspectus siglorum 397 1.4 Ethiopic (Massimo Villa) 398 1 4 1 Ratio edendi 398 1 4 2 Orthography and punctuation 399 1 4 3 Biblical text of reference 399 1 4 4 Conspectus siglorum 400 1.5 Syriac (Sami Aydin) 400 1 5 1 Ratio edendi 400