(cid:2) onarchia The Controversy QR (cid:2) onarchia The Controversy An Historical Study with Accompanying Translations of Dante Alighieri’s Monarchia, Guido Vernani’s Refutation of the “Monarchia” Composed by Dante, and Pope John XXII’s Bull Si fratrum QR by Anthony K. Cassell The Catholic University of America Press Washington, D.C. Copyright ©  The Catholic University ofAmerica Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States ofAmerica The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements ofAmerican Na- tional Standards for Information Science—Permanence ofPaper for Printed Library materials,  .-. ∞ Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Cassell, Anthony K. (Anthony Kimber), – The monarchia controversy: an historical study with accompanying translations ofDante Alighieri’s Monarchia, Guido Vernani’s refutation ofthe Monarchia composed by Dante and Pope John XXII’s bull, Si fratrum / by Anthony Cassell. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. --- . Dante Alighieri, –. Monarchia. . Vernani, Guido, fl. . Reprobatio. . Catholic Church. Pope (–: John XXII). Si fratrum. . Italy—Politics and government—–. . Catholic Church—Italy—Political activity. . Church and state—Italy—To . I. Title .  ´.—dc  (cid:3) or my old friend Lawrence Paul Buck Dì oggimai che la Chiesa di Roma, Per confondere in sé due reggimenti, Cade nel fango, e sé brutta e la soma.   Purgatorio : – La tua città, che di colui è pianta che pria volse le spalle al suo fattore e di cui e la ‘nvidia tanto pianta, produce e spande il maladetto fiore c’ha disvïate le pecore e li agni però che fatto ha lupo del pastore. Per questo l’Evangelio e i dottor magni son derelitti, e solo ai Decretali si studia, sì che parea’lor vivagni A questo intende il papa e’cardinali; non vanno i lor pensieri a Nazarette là dove Gabriello aperse l’ali.   Paradiso : – Contents Acknowledgments ix List of Abbreviations xi Dante’s Monarchia and Vernani’s Refutation in Context  Prolegomena: The Crisis and Its Major Players   . Tiara and Scepter   .Dante in the Eye of the Storm The Logician and the Prophet, / Dante’s Forensic Procedure, / The Perils of Posthumous Burning, / The Early Manuscripts and the Fortune of the Monarchia, / Ecclesiastical Ambition, Terror, and Spleen,   . The Monarchiaand Vernani’s Censures On Book ,  / On Book ,  / On Book ,  TRANSLATIONS OF THE TEXTS DANTE’S Monarchia    Book ,   Book ,   Book , VERNANI’S Refutation  JOHN XXII’S Si fratrum   Notes  Bibliography  Index vii Acknowledgments It is a pleasure to thank Dr. John Harris for his essential help on the finer ffi points of Latin and for his friendship during some very di cult times, and Dr. John Serembus ofWidener University for his expert advice on matters of formal logic. In each case I learned much, but I have made my own decisions ff in composing and writing. Dr. Patricia Hollahan o ered much precious advice on medieval ideas and on format. Larry Buck, expert on things ecclesiastical, generously read the manuscript and was a constant source of knowledge and inspiration, despite the fact that he had no idea that the book would be dedi- cated to him. ix