ZOOTAXA 1005 The millipede type specimens in the Collections of the Field Museum of Natural History (Arthropoda: Diplopoda) PETRA SIERWALD, JASON E. BOND & GRZEGORZ T. GURDA Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand PETRA SIERWALD, JASON E. BOND & GRZEGORZ T. GURDA The millipede type specimens in the Collections of the Field Museum of Natural History (Arthro- poda: Diplopoda) (Zootaxa 1005) 64 pp.; 30 cm. 10 June 2005 ISBN 1-877407-04-6 (paperback) ISBN 1-877407-05-4 (Online edition) FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2005 BY Magnolia Press P.O. Box 41383 Auckland 1030 New Zealand e-mail: [email protected] http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ © 2005 Magnolia Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted or disseminated, in any form, or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher, to whom all requests to reproduce copyright material should be directed in writing. This authorization does not extend to any other kind of copying, by any means, in any form, and for any purpose other than private research use. ISSN 1175-5326 (Print edition) ISSN 1175-5334 (Online edition) Zootaxa 1005: 1–64 (2005) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA 1005 Copyright © 2005 Magnolia Press ISSN1175-5334(online edition) The millipede type specimens in the Collections of the Field Museum of Natural History (Arthropoda: Diplopoda) PETRA SIERWALD1, JASON E. BOND2 & GRZEGORZ T. GURDA3 1Zoology, Insects, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605 2East Carolina University, Department of Biology, Howell Science complex-N211, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, USA 3University of Michigan, Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology 1150 W. Medical Center Drive 7739 Medical Sciences II, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 Table of contents Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Material and Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Abbreviations of collections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Results - LIST OF TYPES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Order GLOMERIDESMIDA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Order SPHAEROTHERIIDA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Order POLYZONIIDA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Order PLATYDESMIDA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Order SIPHONOPHORIDA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Order STEMMIULIDA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Order CHORDEUMATIDA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Order POLYDESMIDA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Order SPIROBOLIDA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Order SPIROSTREPTIDA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Order JULIDA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Abstract Field Museum’s Millipede Collection currently comprises 376 type lots for 208 species. Types of the millipede orders Glomeridesmida (4 species), Sphaerotheriida (2 species), Polyzoniida (1 spe- Accepted by W. Shear: 7 May 2005; published: 10 Jun. 2005 3 ZOOTAXA cies),Platydesmida (7 species), Siphonophorida (8 species), Stemmiulida (10 species),Chordeuma- 1005 tida (17 species), Polydesmida (103 species), Spirobolida (33 species), Spirostreptida (19 species), and Julida (4 species) are represented. The collection contains type specimens of species described by the authors Bond & Sierwald (3 species), Chamberlin (95 species), Golovatch (1 species), Golo- vatch, Vohland & Hoffman (4 species), Hoffmann (8 species), Keeton (1 species), Loomis (85 spe- cies), Mauriès (2 species), Shear (4 species), Shear & Leonard (1 species), Shelley (1 species), Vohland (1 species), and Wesener & Sierwald (2 species). Amplinus fortinus Chamberlin, 1952 (Polydesmida: Aphelidesmidae) is identified as a nomen nudum. The millipede type material is separated from the main collection and vials are organized by order in jars. All lots are indentified with a unique collection number. Specimen data are cataloged and maintained in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. The collection catalog is slated to be moved to a relational database (KE-EMU) within the next few years. Key words: millipede type specimens, Field Museum of Natural History, millipede collection Introduction Type specimens are the foundational units of zoological taxonomy. Because species are among the most basic units of many evolutionary, phylogenetic, ecological, and conserva- ton based studies, accuracy of identification is imperative. More than 21,400 type lots (including all formal type categories) were reported by the 89 collections in the world har- boring millipede type material (Sierwald & Reft, 2004; and see www.myriapoda.org); an additional 197 institutions house millipede collections without type material. Considering the estimated number of 10,000 nominal millipede species, and assuming that on average these are based on two or three type lots, the number of reported type lots is encouraging. It indicates that the type specimens of most millipede species are safe and available in museums for future study. The preservation of type material demonstrates that scientific collections carry out their most important mission, despite severe lack of resources and inadequate funding support. The purpose of this paper is to provide an exhaustive catalog of the type material now deposited in the Field Museum of Natural History millipede collection. This important resource adds to the growing list of available millipede type catalogs. Catalogs of milli- pede type material have been published for the collections of the Canterbury Museum in Christchurch (New Zealand), Hungarian Natural History Museum in Budapest, Museo Civico di Storia Naturale in Milano (Italy), Zoologisches Museum in Berlin (Germany), Zoologisches Institut und Zoologisches Museum in Hamburg (Germany), Naturhis- torisches Museum in Wien (Austria), National Museum of Natural History in Sofia (Bul- garia), Laboratorio di Entomologia 'Filippo Silvestri' in Portici (Italy), and Uppsala University (Sweden); see Johns, 2000; Korsós, 1983; Leonardi et al., 1995; Manfredi, 1976; Moritz & Fischer, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1978a, 1978b; Rack, 1973; Stagl, 2003; Stoev & Beron, 2001; Viggiani, 1973; Wallin, 1991; Weidner, 1960; and Wirkner et al., 2002. 4 © 2005 Magnolia Press SIERWALD ET AL. More recently, six type catalogs have become available on-line: Royal British Columbia ZOOTAXA 1005 Museum, Victoria (Canada); Naturhistoriska Museet, Göteborg (Sweden); Illinois Natural History Service, Champaign-Urbana (Illinois, USA); Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge (Massachusetts, USA); Western Australian Museum, Perth (Australia), and The Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen (Denmark). Material and Methods Prior to this survey, type material was interspersed throughout Field Museum’s main milli- pede collection. For the purpose of compiling the type catalog, all type material was sepa- rated, and label data, number and gender of specimens were compared to the original species description. All millipede types received new unique catalog numbers and vials were placed in numbered jars. In several publications containing original descriptions of Field Museum type material authors failed to make clear statements regarding the deposition of type material. Authors of the following publications indicate in the introduction of the paper that all or most of the types were deposited in the Field Museum: Chamberlin, 1943a: 35 (types for eight of nine described species), 1952a: 13, 1952b: 553, 1953a: 67 (types of four species from Hondu- ras), 1953b: 138, Loomis, 1964 (all types except for one species). Loomis (1975: 167) stated that some type material of the species described therein was deposited at Field Museum. Since this statement is somewhat ambiguous, all species described by Loomis in that publication are listed herein and the location of the type material is noted as far as it could be determined. For many species, the type repository is given by Hoffman (1999). All entries in this catalog were compared to Hoffman (1999) and additional data on the species or the type specimens are noted. From 1943 to 1966 the Field Museum of Natural History was called Chicago Natural History Museum; during that time period authors publishing on Field Museum material used the latter name. The type catalog is arranged by order, within each order the genera and species are listed alphabetically. All type specimen lots are entered under the original genus-species combination as proposed by the author in the original description. Each entry lists: 1. original family placement. Subsequent changes in family placement of genera or generic synonymies are noted below the genus name header. ‘NF’ in front of the genus-species citation indicates that no family placement was given in the original description. 2. original genus-species combination with author, year and full literature citation. Aster- isk * denotes type species of the genus. 3. New combinations of the name with author, year and page number listed below the FMNH MILLIPEDE TYPE MATERIAL © 2005 Magnolia Press 5 ZOOTAXA main entry. 1005 4. The holotype data are given first under each species entry; paratypes are listed in the order of catalog number. In some cases, vial labels and publications indicate ‘type(s)’ only; the exact type status of the specimens remains unclear. In such cases, the speci- mens are listed here as syntypes. 5. Each type specimen entry includes: (collector and collecting date in parentheses), country, state or province, locality; the jar number consisting of a number-letter com- bination, and a unique catalog number/ total number of specimens and gender of spec- imens in the vial. Locality data are given as found on the specimen labels; names of provinces, departments or counties were added here. No metric conversion of eleva- tion and distance measures were made. The number of male and/or female specimens noted after the backslash (/) gives the actual number of specimens found in the vial at the time of the survey. Notes in square brackets at the end of each entry contain vari- ous additions and clarifications, such as discrepancies between data in the species descriptions and those on the vial label. 6. An @ at the end of each specimen entry indicates that the specimens were out on loan at the time this type catalog was prepared. During the survey of Field Museum's millipede collection we encountered several manuscript names, i.e. cases where species names on vial labels did not match the pub- lished species descriptions. Otherwise, all other data on the label clearly identified the specimens in the vial with the ones cited in the species description. In order not to circulate non-available manuscript names, such label-names are not listed in this catalog; species are listed under their properly published names. Abbreviations of collections FSCA Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Gainesville, Florida, USA MCZ Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA MHNL Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Lima, Peru MZSP Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil NCSM North Carolina State Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA USNM National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA VMNHVirginia Museum of Natural History, Martinsville, Virginia, USA Acknowledgements Separating the type specimens from the millipede collection at Field Museum was done by 6 © 2005 Magnolia Press SIERWALD ET AL. the G.T. Gurda (formerly at University of Chicago) during an NSF-funded undergraduate ZOOTAXA 1005 summer internship. Earlier drafts of the catalog were reviewed by Drs. R.L. Hoffman and R.M. Shelley. Intern Abigail Julia Reft (formerly at University of Chicago) assisted greatly in final checking and editing of the manuscript. Field Museum's collection assistant James Louderman checked the specimen vials in the collection. We are grateful to Dr. J. A. Cod- dington for locating and returning type material erroneously deposited in the collection of the Smithsonian Institution. Dr. J. Adis forwarded Field Museum type material from his collection. We are grateful for this support by our colleagues. This work was supported by an NSF-PEET grant 97-12438 to P. Sierwald and W.A. Shear (Hampden-Sydney College, Virginia). Results—LIST OF TYPES The myriapod collections of the Field Museum currently contain over 8,300 computerized lots. The millipede type material comprises 208 species and 376 type lots. The collection contains type material in the orders Glomeridesmida, Sphaerotheriida, Polyzoniida,Platy- desmida, Siphonophorida, Stemmiulida, Chordeumatida, Polydesmida, Spirobolida, Spirostreptida, and Julida. Field Museum's collections currently do not house type mate- rial of the orders Polyxenida, Glomerida, Callipodida, and Siphoniulida. Type material of 13 species alleged to be housed in Field Museum's collection could not be located. The Field Museum millipede types were described by the following authors: Bond & Sierwald (3 species), Chamberlin (95 species), Golovatch (1 species), Golovatch, Vohland & Hoff- man (4 species), Hoffmann (8 species), Keeton (1 species), Loomis (85 species), Mauriès (2 species), Shear (4 species), Shear & Leonard (1 species), Shelley (1 species), Vohland (1 species), and Wesener & Sierwald (2 species). The vast majority of the material was collected by Field Museum’s curators H.S. Dybas, K.P. Schmidt, and others. Significant amounts of material were purchased from S.&J. Peck. The type collection is mainly Neotropical (from Panamá, Guatemala, Hondu- ras, Colombia and Venezuela), but also contains a few Oriental and Pacific specimens. Recent extensive collecting activity by S.M. Goodman (Field Museum) in Madagascar yielded material of new species, which are currently being described (Wesener & Sier- wald, in press). The catalog of the millipede type material in Field Museum’s collections is an uncriti- cal listing; the current taxonomic status of the nominal taxa involved was not researched in detail. Statements regarding the family placement of genera and synonymies follow mostly Hoffman (1980, 1999). This does not imply that Hoffman should necessarily be credited as the author of such nomenclatorial actions. However, the type status for each specimen lot was evaluated by comparison with the original species descriptions. FMNH MILLIPEDE TYPE MATERIAL © 2005 Magnolia Press 7 ZOOTAXA Order GLOMERIDESMIDA 1005 Glomeridesmus Gervais, 1844 Glomeridesmidae: Glomeridesmus albiceps Loomis, 1975. Florida Entomologist, 58: 168 Paratypes — (S&J Peck, Jan 2, 1973), Jamaica, St. Thomas Parish, Portland Gap, 5500ft; Jar 2A, 587/ 1 FEMALE, 1 juv [juv not listed in species description] Paratypes — (S&J Peck, Dec 30, 1972), Jamaica, Trelawny Parish, 5 miles N of Alberttown; Jar 2A, 592/ 2 FEMALES [only 1 FEMALE listed in species description] Paratypes — (S&J Peck, Jan 1, 1973), Jamaica, St. Thomas Parish, Whitfield Hall, 4200ft; Jar 2A,595/ 1 MALE, 2 FEMALES Note: The holotype (S&J Peck, Dec 28, 1972; Jamaica, St. Ann Parish, Mt. Diablo, S. Moneague, 2100ft, 1 MALE) and a paratype series (S&J Peck, Dec 28, 1972; Jamaica, St. Ann Parish, Mt. Diablo, S. Moneague, 2100ft, 9 MALES, 7 FEMALES, 6 juv) were not located in Field Museum’s collection. According to Hoffman (1999: 20), the holotype was deposited at FSCA. Glomeridesmidae: Glomeridesmus bicolor Loomis, 1964. Fieldiana, Zoology, 47: 10–12 Holotype — (H.S. Dybas, Mar 27, 1959), Panamá, Bocas del Toro Prov., Alm- irante, forest floor litter; Jar 2A,601/ 1 MALE Note: The paratype (H.S. Dybas, Feb 23, 1959, Panamá, Cocle Prov., El Valle, “trail to Las Minas,” 2400ft, 1 MALE) was not located in the collection. Accord- ing to Loomis (1964: 8) paratypes were deposited at USNM. Glomeridesmidae: Glomeridesmus circularis Loomis, 1964. Fieldiana, Zoology, 47: 12– 13 Holotype — (H.S. Dybas, Mar 14, 1959), Panamá, Chiriquí Prov., Finca Lerida, near Boquete, “Barca area,” 5650ft; Jar 2A,605/ 1 MALE, 2 FEMALE Paratypes — (H.S. Dybas, Mar 5, 1959), Panamá, Panamá Prov., road west of Finca Palo Santo, near Nueva California, 4750ft; Jar 2A,598/ 5 juv Paratypes — (H.S. Dybas, Apr 1, 1959), Panamá, Bocas del Toro Prov., Alm- irante; Jar 2A,600/ 1 FEMALE Paratypes — (H.S. Dybas, Mar 14, 1959), Panamá, Chiriquí Prov., Finca Lerida, near Boquete, “Barca area,” 5650ft; Jar 2A,602/ 2 MALES, 1 FEMALE, 3 juv Paratypes — (H.S. Dybas, Mar 17, 1959), Panamá, Chiriquí Prov., Finca Lerida, “Casita alta,” 7750ft; Jar 2A,603/ 2 FEMALES, 4 juv Paratypes — (H.S. Dybas, Mar 14, 1959), Panamá, Chiriquí Prov., Finca Lerida, 5650ft; Jar 2A,604/ 2 MALES, 1 FEMALE, 3 juv Note: species also recorded from Bocas del Toro Prov., Almirante (Hoffman, 1999: 20). 8 © 2005 Magnolia Press SIERWALD ET AL. Glomeridesmidae: Glomeridesmus rotundatus Loomis, 1964. Fieldiana, Zoology, 47: 13– ZOOTAXA 1005 14 Holotype — (H.S. Dybas, Mar 30, 1959), Panamá, Bocas del Toro Prov., Alm- irante; Jar 2A,599/ 1 MALE Order SPHAEROTHERIIDA Sphaeromimus deSaussure & Zehntner, 1902 Sphaerotheriidae: Sphaeromimus inexpectatus Wesener & Sierwald, in press. Proceedings of the California Academy of Natural Sciences Holotype, paratype — (T. Wesener, Apr 17, 2003), Madagascar, Toliara Prov., 24o57’15”S 046 o 39’22”E, littoral forest, in leaf litter; Jar 11, 6701/ 1 MALE, 1 FEMALE Sphaerotheriidae: Sphaeromimus splendidus Wesener & Sierwald in press. Proceedings of the California Academy of Natural Sciences Holotype — (T. Wesener, Apr 8, 2003), Madagascar, Toliara Prov., St. Luce, 24o47’S 047o10’E, littoral forest, in leaf litter; Jar 11, 6702/ 1 FEMALE Paratype — (T. Wesener, Apr 8, 2003), Madagascar, Toliara Prov., St. Luce, 24o57’15”S 046 o 39’22”E, littoral forest, in leaf litter; Jar 11, 6703/ 1 MALE, 3 FEMALES Order POLYZONIIDA Siphonotus Brandt, 1837 Note: Genus Siphonotus is placed in the family Siphonotidae, Siphonotinae, Siphonotini (Hoffman, 1980: 73). Hoffman (1999: 35) placed most New World species for- merly assigned to Siphonotus in the genus Rhinotus Cook, 1896. Polyzoniidae: Siphonotus panamanus Loomis, 1964. Fieldiana, Zoology, 47: 122 Rhinotus panamanus, — Hoffman, 1999: 35 (new combination by Hoffman) Holotype — (H.S. Dybas, Feb 7, 1959), Panamá, Panamá Prov., Chilibrillo Cave; Jar 7A,929/ 1 MALE Paratypes — (H.S. Dybas, Feb 7, 1959), Panamá, Panamá Prov., Chilibrillo Cave; Jar 7A,928/ 12 specimens: MALES, FEMALES, juv Note: The following specimens from Panamá, Barro Colorado Island, former Canal Zone (C. Z.) were listed in the species description, but were not named paratypes (H.S. Dybas, Jan 22, 1959; Jar 7A, 930/ 36+ specimens: MALES, FEMALES, juv; Feb 15, 1959; Jar 7A, 931/ 2FEMALE; Jan 10, 1959; Jar 7A, FMNH MILLIPEDE TYPE MATERIAL © 2005 Magnolia Press 9 ZOOTAXA 933/ 1 MALE, 2 FEMALES). Also listed are specimens from Madden Forest Pre- 1005 serve (H.S. Dybas, Feb 15, 1959; Jar 7A,932/ 1 MALE, 2 FEMALES, 2 juv). Order PLATYDESMIDA DesmethusChamberlin, 1922 Platydesmidae: Desmethus chiriquensis Loomis, 1964. Fieldiana, Zoology, 47: 126–127 Holotype — (H.S. Dybas, Mar 7, 1959), Panamá, Chiriquí Prov., Cerro Punta, 6900ft; Jar 4A, 913/ 1 FEMALE Note: species also recorded from Costa Rica (Hoffman, 1999: 180). Platydesmus Lucas, 1843 Platydesmidae: Platydesmus calus Chamberlin, 1952. Great Basin Naturalist, 12: 30 Paratypes — (H.S. Dybas, Aug 8, 1941), México, Veracruz State, El Fortin; Jar 4A, 6343/ 3 FEMALES Syntypes? — (H.S. Dybas, Jul 15, 1941), México, Veracruz State, Penuela/ 2 specimens. Note: The type status of the specimens cited in the species description is not clear Chamberlin (1952a: 30). The label of specimens in Field Museum’s collection states: ‘paratypes.’ Platydesmidae: Platydesmus crucis Chamberlin, 1952. Great Basin Naturalist, 12: 31 Syntypes — (H.S. Dybas, Jun 30, 1941), México, Veracruz State, Las Vigas; Jar 4A, 905/ 5 MALES, 3 FEMALES Syntypes — (H.S. Dybas, Jun 30, 1941), México, Veracruz State, Las Vigas; Jar 4A, 906/ 1 MALE, 1 FEMALE Platydesmidae: Platydesmus excisus Chamberlin, 1952. Great Basin Naturalist, 12: 31–33 Syntypes — (K.P. Schmidt, Feb 8, 1934), Guatemala, Dept. ?Quiche/Alta Vera- paz?, Sierra Santa Elena, 9500ft; Jar 4A, 907/ 25+: 3 MALES, 17 FEMALES, 5 juv [label: Feb 5]. Platydesmidae: Platydesmus perditus Chamberlin, 1952. Great Basin Naturalist, 12: 33 Holotype — (No locality label in vial), Guatemala, Dept. San Marcos, Volcán Tajumulco; Jar 4A, 904/ 1 specimen [gender not specified in species description, specimen most likely female] Platydesmidae: Platydesmus subovatus Loomis, 1964. Fieldiana, Zoology, 47: 127–128 Holotype — (H.S. Dybas, Mar 22, 1959), Panamá, Bocas del Toro Prov., Almirante; Jar 4A, 912/ 1 FEMALE 10 © 2005 Magnolia Press SIERWALD ET AL.