Contents Contents Part 1 of The Liberal Socialism of Thomas Hill Green Part 1 of The Liberal Socialism of Thomas Hill Green Preface Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix Abbreviations Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xii Chapter 1: Introduction to The Liberal Socialism of Thomas Hill Green Chapter 1: Introduction to The Liberal Socialism of Thomas Hill Green . . . . . . 1 I Aim and Scope of The Liberal Socialism of Thomas Hill Green I Aim and Scope of The Liberal Socialism of Thomas Hill Green . . . . . . . . . . 1 II Green and the Socialist Tradition II Green and the Socialist Tradition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 III Green’s ‘Liberal Socialism’ III Green’s ‘Liberal Socialism’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 IV Conclusion IV Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Chapter 2: Green as a Systematic Philosopher Chapter 2: Green as a Systematic Philosopher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 I Introduction I Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 II Conventional Prejudices, ‘Popular Philosophy’ and Religion II Conventional Prejudices, ‘Popular Philosophy’ and Religion . . . . . . . . . 16 III The Wider Intellectual Influences on Green III The Wider Intellectual Influences on Green . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 IV Green’s Philosophical System IV Green’s Philosophical System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 V Conclusion V Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Chapter 3: The ‘Metaphysics of Experience or Knowledge’ Chapter 3: The ‘Metaphysics of Experience or Knowledge’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 I Introduction I Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 II The Methods and Formal Conditions for Gaining ‘Experience or II The Methods and Formal Conditions for Gaining ‘Experience or Knowledge’ Knowledge’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 III Experience and Sensations III Experience and Sensations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 IV Related Objects IV Related Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 V Knowledge as Self-expression V Knowledge as Self-expression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Chapter 4: The Eternal Consciousness Chapter 4: The Eternal Consciousness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 I Individual Persons and the Eternal Consciousness I Individual Persons and the Eternal Consciousness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 II Process of Individual Self-realisation II Process of Individual Self-realisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 III Conclusion III Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Contents Contents Part 1 of The Liberal Socialism of Thomas Hill Green Part 1 of The Liberal Socialism of Thomas Hill Green Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xii Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xii Chapter 1: Introduction to The Liberal Socialism of Thomas Hill Green . . . . . . 1 Chapter 1: Introduction to The Liberal Socialism of Thomas Hill Green . . . . . . 1 I Aim and Scope of The Liberal Socialism of Thomas Hill Green . . . . . . . . . . 1 I Aim and Scope of The Liberal Socialism of Thomas Hill Green . . . . . . . . . . 1 II Green and the Socialist Tradition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 II Green and the Socialist Tradition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 III Green’s ‘Liberal Socialism’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 III Green’s ‘Liberal Socialism’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 IV Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 IV Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Chapter 2: Green as a Systematic Philosopher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Chapter 2: Green as a Systematic Philosopher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 I Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 I Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 II Conventional Prejudices, ‘Popular Philosophy’ and Religion . . . . . . . . . 16 II Conventional Prejudices, ‘Popular Philosophy’ and Religion . . . . . . . . . 16 III The Wider Intellectual Influences on Green . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 III The Wider Intellectual Influences on Green . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 IV Green’s Philosophical System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 IV Green’s Philosophical System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 V Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 V Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Chapter 3: The ‘Metaphysics of Experience or Knowledge’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Chapter 3: The ‘Metaphysics of Experience or Knowledge’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 I Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 I Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 II The Methods and Formal Conditions for Gaining ‘Experience or II The Methods and Formal Conditions for Gaining ‘Experience or Knowledge’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Knowledge’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 III Experience and Sensations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 III Experience and Sensations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 IV Related Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 IV Related Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 V Knowledge as Self-expression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 V Knowledge as Self-expression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Chapter 4: The Eternal Consciousness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Chapter 4: The Eternal Consciousness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 I Individual Persons and the Eternal Consciousness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 I Individual Persons and the Eternal Consciousness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 II Process of Individual Self-realisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 II Process of Individual Self-realisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 III Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 III Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 viii The Metaphysics of Self-realisation and Freedom viii The Metaphysics of Self-realisation and Freedom Chapter 5: Distinctively Human Action and the Unconscious Chapter 5: Distinctively Human Action and the Unconscious . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 I Introduction I Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 7 II The Disputes Over Green and the Will II The Disputes Over Green and the Will . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 III The ‘Distinctively Human’ and the ‘Animal’ in the Individual III The ‘Distinctively Human’ and the ‘Animal’ in the Individual . . . . . . . . 91 IV Emanation, Sublimation and the Unconscious IV Emanation, Sublimation and the Unconscious . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 V Conclusion V Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108 Chapter 6: Freedom, Choice and Responsibility Chapter 6: Freedom, Choice and Responsibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 09 I Introduction I Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 II Formal Freedom and the Personal Good II Formal Freedom and the Personal Good . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 10 III True Freedom III True Freedom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 14 IV Character as the Basis of Agency IV Character as the Basis of Agency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 20 V Green’s Allegedly Self-interventionist Theory of Free Will V Green’s Allegedly Self-interventionist Theory of Free Will . . . . . . . . . . 1 21 VI ‘Determinist’/‘Indeterminist’ Debate VI ‘Determinist’/‘Indeterminist’ Debate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 25 VII Spiritual Determinism and the Self-realisation of the Human Spirit VII Spiritual Determinism and the Self-realisation of the Human Spirit . . . . . 1 2 6 VIII The Problem of Moral Responsibility VIII The Problem of Moral Responsibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 IX Conclusion IX Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 37 Chapter 7: Personality, Utilitarianism and the True Good Chapter 7: Personality, Utilitarianism and the True Good . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 41 I Introduction I Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 1 II A First Look at the Ethics of Duty and the Ethics of Flourishing II A First Look at the Ethics of Duty and the Ethics of Flourishing . . . . . . 1 42 III Personal Judgement and the Failure of Utilitarian Ethics III Personal Judgement and the Failure of Utilitarian Ethics . . . . . . . . . . . 148 IV Personality and the True Good IV Personality and the True Good . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 54 V Some Objections Considered V Some Objections Considered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. 5 .8 Chapter 8: Culture, Consequentialism and Duty Chapter 8: Culture, Consequentialism and Duty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 I Introduction I Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 63 II Cultural Contexts of Individual Personality II Cultural Contexts of Individual Personality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 64 III A Second Look at the Ethics of Duty and the Ethics of Flourishing III A Second Look at the Ethics of Duty and the Ethics of Flourishing . . . . . . 171 IV John Skorupski and G.E. Moore IV John Skorupski and G.E. Moore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 73 V Green and Consequentialism V Green and Consequentialism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 7 VI Conclusion VI Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 82 Chapter 9: Review of the Argument so Far Chapter 9: Review of the Argument so Far . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 85 Appendix: Herbert Spencer, Richard Hodgson, jnr., and ‘Professor Green as a Critic’ Appendix: Herbert Spencer, Richard Hodgson, jnr., and ‘Professor Green as a Critic’ . . 1 87 Bibliography Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .191 Also Available Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 viii The Metaphysics of Self-realisation and Freedom viii The Metaphysics of Self-realisation and Freedom Chapter 5: Distinctively Human Action and the Unconscious . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Chapter 5: Distinctively Human Action and the Unconscious . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 I Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 7 I Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 7 II The Disputes Over Green and the Will . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 II The Disputes Over Green and the Will . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 III The ‘Distinctively Human’ and the ‘Animal’ in the Individual . . . . . . . . 91 III The ‘Distinctively Human’ and the ‘Animal’ in the Individual . . . . . . . . 91 IV Emanation, Sublimation and the Unconscious . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 IV Emanation, Sublimation and the Unconscious . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 V Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108 V Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108 Chapter 6: Freedom, Choice and Responsibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 09 Chapter 6: Freedom, Choice and Responsibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 09 I Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 I Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 II Formal Freedom and the Personal Good . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 10 II Formal Freedom and the Personal Good . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 10 III True Freedom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 14 III True Freedom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 14 IV Character as the Basis of Agency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 20 IV Character as the Basis of Agency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 20 V Green’s Allegedly Self-interventionist Theory of Free Will . . . . . . . . . . 1 21 V Green’s Allegedly Self-interventionist Theory of Free Will . . . . . . . . . . 1 21 VI ‘Determinist’/‘Indeterminist’ Debate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 25 VI ‘Determinist’/‘Indeterminist’ Debate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 25 VII Spiritual Determinism and the Self-realisation of the Human Spirit . . . . . 1 2 6 VII Spiritual Determinism and the Self-realisation of the Human Spirit . . . . . 1 2 6 VIII The Problem of Moral Responsibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 VIII The Problem of Moral Responsibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 IX Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 37 IX Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 37 Chapter 7: Personality, Utilitarianism and the True Good . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 41 Chapter 7: Personality, Utilitarianism and the True Good . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 41 I Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 1 I Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 1 II A First Look at the Ethics of Duty and the Ethics of Flourishing . . . . . . 1 42 II A First Look at the Ethics of Duty and the Ethics of Flourishing . . . . . . 1 42 III Personal Judgement and the Failure of Utilitarian Ethics . . . . . . . . . . . 148 III Personal Judgement and the Failure of Utilitarian Ethics . . . . . . . . . . . 148 IV Personality and the True Good . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 54 IV Personality and the True Good . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 54 V Some Objections Considered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. 5 .8 V Some Objections Considered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. 5 .8 Chapter 8: Culture, Consequentialism and Duty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Chapter 8: Culture, Consequentialism and Duty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 I Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 63 I Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 63 II Cultural Contexts of Individual Personality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 64 II Cultural Contexts of Individual Personality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 64 III A Second Look at the Ethics of Duty and the Ethics of Flourishing . . . . . . 171 III A Second Look at the Ethics of Duty and the Ethics of Flourishing . . . . . . 171 IV John Skorupski and G.E. Moore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 73 IV John Skorupski and G.E. Moore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 73 V Green and Consequentialism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 7 V Green and Consequentialism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 7 VI Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 82 VI Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 82 Chapter 9: Review of the Argument so Far . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 85 Chapter 9: Review of the Argument so Far . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 85 Appendix: Herbert Spencer, Richard Hodgson, jnr., and ‘Professor Green as a Critic’ . . 1 87 Appendix: Herbert Spencer, Richard Hodgson, jnr., and ‘Professor Green as a Critic’ . . 1 87 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .191 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .191 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 The Metaphysics of The Metaphysics of Self-realisation and Self-realisation and Freedom Freedom Part 1 of The Liberal Socialism of Thomas Hill Green Part 1 of The Liberal Socialism of Thomas Hill Green Colin Tyler Colin Tyler imprint-academic.com imprint-academic.com The Metaphysics of The Metaphysics of Self-realisation and Self-realisation and Freedom Freedom Part 1 of The Liberal Socialism of Thomas Hill Green Part 1 of The Liberal Socialism of Thomas Hill Green Colin Tyler Colin Tyler imprint-academic.com imprint-academic.com Copyright © Colin Tyler, 2010, 2015 The moral rights of the author have been asserted. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without permission, except for the quotation of brief passages in criticism and discussion. Published in the UK by Imprint Academic, PO Box 200, Exeter EX5 5YX, UK Published in the USA by Imprint Academic Philosophy Documentation Center PO Box 7147, Charlottesville, VA 22906-7147, USA Digital edition converted and distributed by Andrews UK Limited www.andrewsuk.com Print ISBN - 9781845401191 PDF ISBN - 9781845405694 A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library and US Library of Congress imprint-academic.com/idealists ‘Apropos of someone feeling an acute morbid sense of being wicked. Poor fellow, ‘Apropos of someone feeling an acute morbid sense of being wicked. Poor fellow, said Green, the sense of Sin is very much an illusion. People are not as bad as said Green, the sense of Sin is very much an illusion. People are not as bad as they fancy themselves.’ they fancy themselves.’ John Addington Symonds to Charlotte Byron Green, 7 October 1882 John Addington Symonds to Charlotte Byron Green, 7 October 1882 ‘the feeling of oppression, which always goes along with the consciousness of ‘the feeling of oppression, which always goes along with the consciousness of unfulfilled possibilities, will always give meaning to the representation of the unfulfilled possibilities, will always give meaning to the representation of the effort after any kind of self-improvement as a demand for “freedom.”’ effort after any kind of self-improvement as a demand for “freedom.”’ T.H. Green, ‘On the Different Senses of “Freedom” as Applied to Will and to the Moral T.H. Green, ‘On the Different Senses of “Freedom” as Applied to Will and to the Moral Progress of Man’, §18 Progress of Man’, §18 ‘social life is to personality what language is to thought.’ ‘social life is to personality what language is to thought.’ T.H. Green, Prolegomena to Ethics, §183 T.H. Green, Prolegomena to Ethics, §183 ‘we only find unity in the world because we have an idea that it is there, ‘we only find unity in the world because we have an idea that it is there, an idea which we direct our powers to realise’ an idea which we direct our powers to realise’ T.H. Green, Prolegomena to Ethics, §149 T.H. Green, Prolegomena to Ethics, §149 ‘Apropos of someone feeling an acute morbid sense of being wicked. Poor fellow, ‘Apropos of someone feeling an acute morbid sense of being wicked. Poor fellow, said Green, the sense of Sin is very much an illusion. People are not as bad as said Green, the sense of Sin is very much an illusion. People are not as bad as they fancy themselves.’ they fancy themselves.’ John Addington Symonds to Charlotte Byron Green, 7 October 1882 John Addington Symonds to Charlotte Byron Green, 7 October 1882 ‘the feeling of oppression, which always goes along with the consciousness of ‘the feeling of oppression, which always goes along with the consciousness of unfulfilled possibilities, will always give meaning to the representation of the unfulfilled possibilities, will always give meaning to the representation of the effort after any kind of self-improvement as a demand for “freedom.”’ effort after any kind of self-improvement as a demand for “freedom.”’ T.H. Green, ‘On the Different Senses of “Freedom” as Applied to Will and to the Moral T.H. Green, ‘On the Different Senses of “Freedom” as Applied to Will and to the Moral Progress of Man’, §18 Progress of Man’, §18 ‘social life is to personality what language is to thought.’ ‘social life is to personality what language is to thought.’ T.H. Green, Prolegomena to Ethics, §183 T.H. Green, Prolegomena to Ethics, §183 ‘we only find unity in the world because we have an idea that it is there, ‘we only find unity in the world because we have an idea that it is there, an idea which we direct our powers to realise’ an idea which we direct our powers to realise’ T.H. Green, Prolegomena to Ethics, §149 T.H. Green, Prolegomena to Ethics, §149 Preface Preface I was introduced to Green’s political thought by Peter Nicholson, while a Master’s I was introduced to Green’s political thought by Peter Nicholson, while a Master’s student at the University of York between 1991 and 1992. I had been looking for student at the University of York between 1991 and 1992. I had been looking for a philosophical theory that combined coherently John Stuart Mill’s liberalism a philosophical theory that combined coherently John Stuart Mill’s liberalism with Hegel’s conception of the state as an ethical community. I found in Green with Hegel’s conception of the state as an ethical community. I found in Green an approach that achieved this, although I now see as do many others, it is more an approach that achieved this, although I now see as do many others, it is more helpfully conceived as combining Aristotle’s eudaimonism with Fichtean form of helpfully conceived as combining Aristotle’s eudaimonism with Fichtean form of Kantian ethics. The greater complexities of Green’s intellectual debts are explored Kantian ethics. The greater complexities of Green’s intellectual debts are explored below (§§2.II–III). There was very little mainstream academic interest in Thomas below (§§2.II–III). There was very little mainstream academic interest in Thomas Hill Green when I began my Master’s dissertation. In part, this was due to his Hill Green when I began my Master’s dissertation. In part, this was due to his poor reputation in the philosophical mainstream, usually among people who had poor reputation in the philosophical mainstream, usually among people who had read little if anything of his actual writings. This low estimate was also due in read little if anything of his actual writings. This low estimate was also due in part to the systematic nature of Green’s philosophy, something that means that part to the systematic nature of Green’s philosophy, something that means that one can only really begin to make sense of any particular aspect of his philosophy one can only really begin to make sense of any particular aspect of his philosophy once one understands something of that complex, internally-differentiated system. once one understands something of that complex, internally-differentiated system. In this sense, the systematic nature of his philosophy makes it more difficult to In this sense, the systematic nature of his philosophy makes it more difficult to consider particular discrete issues and problems. Unfortunately, problem-solving consider particular discrete issues and problems. Unfortunately, problem-solving is the preferred subject-matter of most contemporary philosophers, at least in is the preferred subject-matter of most contemporary philosophers, at least in the Anglo-American world. Another serious hindrance to a wider acceptance of the Anglo-American world. Another serious hindrance to a wider acceptance of Green’s philosophy is the need to begin with a careful, time-consuming, scholarly Green’s philosophy is the need to begin with a careful, time-consuming, scholarly interpretation of his texts, a requirement viewed apparently with suspicion by interpretation of his texts, a requirement viewed apparently with suspicion by many Anglo-American philosophers.1 Finally and also very importantly, Green’s many Anglo-American philosophers.1 Finally and also very importantly, Green’s arguments are inherently difficult, something that is compounded by his frequently arguments are inherently difficult, something that is compounded by his frequently prolix philosophical writing style. prolix philosophical writing style. Against all these odds, Green’s standing among philosophers has improved Against all these odds, Green’s standing among philosophers has improved slowly since the late 1990s, due not least to the inauguration in 2003 of the Imprint slowly since the late 1990s, due not least to the inauguration in 2003 of the Imprint Academic series on Green of which the present book is a part. Unfortunately, the Academic series on Green of which the present book is a part. Unfortunately, the revival of interest in Green’s philosophy was only just beginning when I completed revival of interest in Green’s philosophy was only just beginning when I completed my doctorate (supervised by Peter Nicholson) at the end of 1995, and it was gaining my doctorate (supervised by Peter Nicholson) at the end of 1995, and it was gaining momentum only slowly when my thesis was published in a largely unaltered form momentum only slowly when my thesis was published in a largely unaltered form towards the end of 1997.2 I have continued to work on the British idealists since towards the end of 1997.2 I have continued to work on the British idealists since that time, and in spite of what I am very pleased to say were uniformly positive that time, and in spite of what I am very pleased to say were uniformly positive reviews, I have always had a nagging awareness that the book was unfinished reviews, I have always had a nagging awareness that the book was unfinished business. I am, therefore, very grateful to Keith Sutherland and Imprint Academic business. I am, therefore, very grateful to Keith Sutherland and Imprint Academic [1] See David Weinstein’s very apposite remarks on this subject in his Utilitarianism and the New [1] See David Weinstein’s very apposite remarks on this subject in his Utilitarianism and the New Liberalism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007), pp. 1–4. Liberalism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007), pp. 1–4. [2] Colin Tyler, Thomas Hill Green (1836–1882) and the Philosophical Foundations of Politics: An internal [2] Colin Tyler, Thomas Hill Green (1836–1882) and the Philosophical Foundations of Politics: An internal critique (Lampeter and Lewiston, N.Y.: Edwin Mellen, 1997). critique (Lampeter and Lewiston, N.Y.: Edwin Mellen, 1997). Preface Preface I was introduced to Green’s political thought by Peter Nicholson, while a Master’s I was introduced to Green’s political thought by Peter Nicholson, while a Master’s student at the University of York between 1991 and 1992. I had been looking for student at the University of York between 1991 and 1992. I had been looking for a philosophical theory that combined coherently John Stuart Mill’s liberalism a philosophical theory that combined coherently John Stuart Mill’s liberalism with Hegel’s conception of the state as an ethical community. I found in Green with Hegel’s conception of the state as an ethical community. I found in Green an approach that achieved this, although I now see as do many others, it is more an approach that achieved this, although I now see as do many others, it is more helpfully conceived as combining Aristotle’s eudaimonism with Fichtean form of helpfully conceived as combining Aristotle’s eudaimonism with Fichtean form of Kantian ethics. The greater complexities of Green’s intellectual debts are explored Kantian ethics. The greater complexities of Green’s intellectual debts are explored below (§§2.II–III). There was very little mainstream academic interest in Thomas below (§§2.II–III). There was very little mainstream academic interest in Thomas Hill Green when I began my Master’s dissertation. In part, this was due to his Hill Green when I began my Master’s dissertation. In part, this was due to his poor reputation in the philosophical mainstream, usually among people who had poor reputation in the philosophical mainstream, usually among people who had read little if anything of his actual writings. This low estimate was also due in read little if anything of his actual writings. This low estimate was also due in part to the systematic nature of Green’s philosophy, something that means that part to the systematic nature of Green’s philosophy, something that means that one can only really begin to make sense of any particular aspect of his philosophy one can only really begin to make sense of any particular aspect of his philosophy once one understands something of that complex, internally-differentiated system. once one understands something of that complex, internally-differentiated system. In this sense, the systematic nature of his philosophy makes it more difficult to In this sense, the systematic nature of his philosophy makes it more difficult to consider particular discrete issues and problems. Unfortunately, problem-solving consider particular discrete issues and problems. Unfortunately, problem-solving is the preferred subject-matter of most contemporary philosophers, at least in is the preferred subject-matter of most contemporary philosophers, at least in the Anglo-American world. Another serious hindrance to a wider acceptance of the Anglo-American world. Another serious hindrance to a wider acceptance of Green’s philosophy is the need to begin with a careful, time-consuming, scholarly Green’s philosophy is the need to begin with a careful, time-consuming, scholarly interpretation of his texts, a requirement viewed apparently with suspicion by interpretation of his texts, a requirement viewed apparently with suspicion by many Anglo-American philosophers.1 Finally and also very importantly, Green’s many Anglo-American philosophers.1 Finally and also very importantly, Green’s arguments are inherently difficult, something that is compounded by his frequently arguments are inherently difficult, something that is compounded by his frequently prolix philosophical writing style. prolix philosophical writing style. Against all these odds, Green’s standing among philosophers has improved Against all these odds, Green’s standing among philosophers has improved slowly since the late 1990s, due not least to the inauguration in 2003 of the Imprint slowly since the late 1990s, due not least to the inauguration in 2003 of the Imprint Academic series on Green of which the present book is a part. Unfortunately, the Academic series on Green of which the present book is a part. Unfortunately, the revival of interest in Green’s philosophy was only just beginning when I completed revival of interest in Green’s philosophy was only just beginning when I completed my doctorate (supervised by Peter Nicholson) at the end of 1995, and it was gaining my doctorate (supervised by Peter Nicholson) at the end of 1995, and it was gaining momentum only slowly when my thesis was published in a largely unaltered form momentum only slowly when my thesis was published in a largely unaltered form towards the end of 1997.2 I have continued to work on the British idealists since towards the end of 1997.2 I have continued to work on the British idealists since that time, and in spite of what I am very pleased to say were uniformly positive that time, and in spite of what I am very pleased to say were uniformly positive reviews, I have always had a nagging awareness that the book was unfinished reviews, I have always had a nagging awareness that the book was unfinished business. I am, therefore, very grateful to Keith Sutherland and Imprint Academic business. I am, therefore, very grateful to Keith Sutherland and Imprint Academic [1] See David Weinstein’s very apposite remarks on this subject in his Utilitarianism and the New [1] See David Weinstein’s very apposite remarks on this subject in his Utilitarianism and the New Liberalism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007), pp. 1–4. Liberalism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007), pp. 1–4. [2] Colin Tyler, Thomas Hill Green (1836–1882) and the Philosophical Foundations of Politics: An internal [2] Colin Tyler, Thomas Hill Green (1836–1882) and the Philosophical Foundations of Politics: An internal critique (Lampeter and Lewiston, N.Y.: Edwin Mellen, 1997). critique (Lampeter and Lewiston, N.Y.: Edwin Mellen, 1997). x The Metaphysics of Self-realisation and Freedom x The Metaphysics of Self-realisation and Freedom not only for agreeing to publish this very extensively revised version of the work, not only for agreeing to publish this very extensively revised version of the work, but also for agreeing to divide what has become a very long manuscript into two but also for agreeing to divide what has become a very long manuscript into two discrete books, as parts of a critical analysis of what I see now as Green’s liberal discrete books, as parts of a critical analysis of what I see now as Green’s liberal socialism. socialism. The present book, The Metaphysics of Self-realisation and Freedom, is based on the The present book, The Metaphysics of Self-realisation and Freedom, is based on the introduction and first two chapters of the original thesis/book. Yet, I have treated introduction and first two chapters of the original thesis/book. Yet, I have treated the original purely as a draft, and have not felt bound to retain any of it. Simply in the original purely as a draft, and have not felt bound to retain any of it. Simply in terms of quantity however, it is now more than three times the length (in terms of terms of quantity however, it is now more than three times the length (in terms of words) of the original. The new material that has been introduced is of three broad words) of the original. The new material that has been introduced is of three broad types. First, I have attempted to deepen my critical analysis, and to correct errors types. First, I have attempted to deepen my critical analysis, and to correct errors of interpretation, logic, grammar and style. Second, I have attempted to consider of interpretation, logic, grammar and style. Second, I have attempted to consider all of the major scholarship that has appeared since 1997. Third, I have made use all of the major scholarship that has appeared since 1997. Third, I have made use of the previously unpublished manuscripts that several of us have made available of the previously unpublished manuscripts that several of us have made available in the past thirteen years. As a result of these great many additions, much of the in the past thirteen years. As a result of these great many additions, much of the text is completely new, including almost all of the first two chapters, as well as text is completely new, including almost all of the first two chapters, as well as chapters seven, eight and nine. Chapters three and four have also been largely chapters seven, eight and nine. Chapters three and four have also been largely rewritten and restructured, while chapters five and six have been heavily revised rewritten and restructured, while chapters five and six have been heavily revised and greatly extended. In fact, the resulting book differs so significantly in length, and greatly extended. In fact, the resulting book differs so significantly in length, argument and depth from the material in the original version that it constitutes a argument and depth from the material in the original version that it constitutes a new work.3 new work.3 I have incurred a great many intellectual debts during the preparation of this I have incurred a great many intellectual debts during the preparation of this book. As well as supervising my doctorate from 1992 to 1995, Peter Nicholson has book. As well as supervising my doctorate from 1992 to 1995, Peter Nicholson has continued to provide his usual invaluable expertise, insight and support, both as continued to provide his usual invaluable expertise, insight and support, both as editor of this Imprint Academic series, and through his own writings on Green and editor of this Imprint Academic series, and through his own writings on Green and the idealists. The same is true of Bill Mander and Maria Dimova-Cookson. Indeed, the idealists. The same is true of Bill Mander and Maria Dimova-Cookson. Indeed, Bill and Peter offered many comments on earlier drafts of this book, as have Owen Bill and Peter offered many comments on earlier drafts of this book, as have Owen Fellows and Sean Magee, two of my doctoral students. I am particularly grateful Fellows and Sean Magee, two of my doctoral students. I am particularly grateful to each of these scholars for this time-consuming input. While Bill, Maria, Peter to each of these scholars for this time-consuming input. While Bill, Maria, Peter and I disagree on many issues regarding Green, some of them fundamental, it is and I disagree on many issues regarding Green, some of them fundamental, it is one of the great strengths of the community of scholars working on the British one of the great strengths of the community of scholars working on the British idealists and New Liberals at the present time that we can debate our differences idealists and New Liberals at the present time that we can debate our differences fully and frankly, while still listening carefully to each other. My criticisms of the fully and frankly, while still listening carefully to each other. My criticisms of the existing scholarship in this book are offered in that spirit. I am also grateful to Jim existing scholarship in this book are offered in that spirit. I am also grateful to Jim Connelly and Noël O’Sullivan, my colleagues in the Centre for the Study of British Connelly and Noël O’Sullivan, my colleagues in the Centre for the Study of British Idealism at the University of Hull. My sincere thanks go also to others at Hull and Idealism at the University of Hull. My sincere thanks go also to others at Hull and beyond, some of whom have commented on earlier drafts of this material and beyond, some of whom have commented on earlier drafts of this material and especially James Allard, David Boucher, Thom Brooks, Glenn Burgess, Alberto de especially James Allard, David Boucher, Thom Brooks, Glenn Burgess, Alberto de Sanctis, Claire Hairsine, Denys Leighton, Justin Morris, Avital Simhony, Pip Tyler, Sanctis, Claire Hairsine, Denys Leighton, Justin Morris, Avital Simhony, Pip Tyler, Will Tyler, Andrew Vincent, Dave Weinstein and Richard Woodward. I also wish Will Tyler, Andrew Vincent, Dave Weinstein and Richard Woodward. I also wish to reaffirm my gratitude to the following people, whom I thanked in the original to reaffirm my gratitude to the following people, whom I thanked in the original thesis: Diane Adams, Richard Bellamy, Steve Benson, Jenny Bradford, Dave Brittan, thesis: Diane Adams, Richard Bellamy, Steve Benson, Jenny Bradford, Dave Brittan, Frank Brogan, Alex Callinicos, Matt Carter, Steve Cinderby, Richard Cookson, Frank Brogan, Alex Callinicos, Matt Carter, Steve Cinderby, Richard Cookson, John Horton, Natalie Humphreys, Linda Lofthouse, Andy McLellan, Sue Mendus, John Horton, Natalie Humphreys, Linda Lofthouse, Andy McLellan, Sue Mendus, [] Hopefully, it will differ from the original in one other crucial respect: the book distributor’s [] Hopefully, it will differ from the original in one other crucial respect: the book distributor’s warehouse burnt down the day after it received the first printing of the original book! warehouse burnt down the day after it received the first printing of the original book! x The Metaphysics of Self-realisation and Freedom x The Metaphysics of Self-realisation and Freedom not only for agreeing to publish this very extensively revised version of the work, not only for agreeing to publish this very extensively revised version of the work, but also for agreeing to divide what has become a very long manuscript into two but also for agreeing to divide what has become a very long manuscript into two discrete books, as parts of a critical analysis of what I see now as Green’s liberal discrete books, as parts of a critical analysis of what I see now as Green’s liberal socialism. socialism. The present book, The Metaphysics of Self-realisation and Freedom, is based on the The present book, The Metaphysics of Self-realisation and Freedom, is based on the introduction and first two chapters of the original thesis/book. Yet, I have treated introduction and first two chapters of the original thesis/book. Yet, I have treated the original purely as a draft, and have not felt bound to retain any of it. Simply in the original purely as a draft, and have not felt bound to retain any of it. Simply in terms of quantity however, it is now more than three times the length (in terms of terms of quantity however, it is now more than three times the length (in terms of words) of the original. The new material that has been introduced is of three broad words) of the original. The new material that has been introduced is of three broad types. First, I have attempted to deepen my critical analysis, and to correct errors types. First, I have attempted to deepen my critical analysis, and to correct errors of interpretation, logic, grammar and style. Second, I have attempted to consider of interpretation, logic, grammar and style. Second, I have attempted to consider all of the major scholarship that has appeared since 1997. Third, I have made use all of the major scholarship that has appeared since 1997. Third, I have made use of the previously unpublished manuscripts that several of us have made available of the previously unpublished manuscripts that several of us have made available in the past thirteen years. As a result of these great many additions, much of the in the past thirteen years. As a result of these great many additions, much of the text is completely new, including almost all of the first two chapters, as well as text is completely new, including almost all of the first two chapters, as well as chapters seven, eight and nine. Chapters three and four have also been largely chapters seven, eight and nine. Chapters three and four have also been largely rewritten and restructured, while chapters five and six have been heavily revised rewritten and restructured, while chapters five and six have been heavily revised and greatly extended. In fact, the resulting book differs so significantly in length, and greatly extended. In fact, the resulting book differs so significantly in length, argument and depth from the material in the original version that it constitutes a argument and depth from the material in the original version that it constitutes a new work.3 new work.3 I have incurred a great many intellectual debts during the preparation of this I have incurred a great many intellectual debts during the preparation of this book. As well as supervising my doctorate from 1992 to 1995, Peter Nicholson has book. As well as supervising my doctorate from 1992 to 1995, Peter Nicholson has continued to provide his usual invaluable expertise, insight and support, both as continued to provide his usual invaluable expertise, insight and support, both as editor of this Imprint Academic series, and through his own writings on Green and editor of this Imprint Academic series, and through his own writings on Green and the idealists. The same is true of Bill Mander and Maria Dimova-Cookson. Indeed, the idealists. The same is true of Bill Mander and Maria Dimova-Cookson. Indeed, Bill and Peter offered many comments on earlier drafts of this book, as have Owen Bill and Peter offered many comments on earlier drafts of this book, as have Owen Fellows and Sean Magee, two of my doctoral students. I am particularly grateful Fellows and Sean Magee, two of my doctoral students. I am particularly grateful to each of these scholars for this time-consuming input. While Bill, Maria, Peter to each of these scholars for this time-consuming input. While Bill, Maria, Peter and I disagree on many issues regarding Green, some of them fundamental, it is and I disagree on many issues regarding Green, some of them fundamental, it is one of the great strengths of the community of scholars working on the British one of the great strengths of the community of scholars working on the British idealists and New Liberals at the present time that we can debate our differences idealists and New Liberals at the present time that we can debate our differences fully and frankly, while still listening carefully to each other. My criticisms of the fully and frankly, while still listening carefully to each other. My criticisms of the existing scholarship in this book are offered in that spirit. I am also grateful to Jim existing scholarship in this book are offered in that spirit. I am also grateful to Jim Connelly and Noël O’Sullivan, my colleagues in the Centre for the Study of British Connelly and Noël O’Sullivan, my colleagues in the Centre for the Study of British Idealism at the University of Hull. My sincere thanks go also to others at Hull and Idealism at the University of Hull. My sincere thanks go also to others at Hull and beyond, some of whom have commented on earlier drafts of this material and beyond, some of whom have commented on earlier drafts of this material and especially James Allard, David Boucher, Thom Brooks, Glenn Burgess, Alberto de especially James Allard, David Boucher, Thom Brooks, Glenn Burgess, Alberto de Sanctis, Claire Hairsine, Denys Leighton, Justin Morris, Avital Simhony, Pip Tyler, Sanctis, Claire Hairsine, Denys Leighton, Justin Morris, Avital Simhony, Pip Tyler, Will Tyler, Andrew Vincent, Dave Weinstein and Richard Woodward. I also wish Will Tyler, Andrew Vincent, Dave Weinstein and Richard Woodward. I also wish to reaffirm my gratitude to the following people, whom I thanked in the original to reaffirm my gratitude to the following people, whom I thanked in the original thesis: Diane Adams, Richard Bellamy, Steve Benson, Jenny Bradford, Dave Brittan, thesis: Diane Adams, Richard Bellamy, Steve Benson, Jenny Bradford, Dave Brittan, Frank Brogan, Alex Callinicos, Matt Carter, Steve Cinderby, Richard Cookson, Frank Brogan, Alex Callinicos, Matt Carter, Steve Cinderby, Richard Cookson, John Horton, Natalie Humphreys, Linda Lofthouse, Andy McLellan, Sue Mendus, John Horton, Natalie Humphreys, Linda Lofthouse, Andy McLellan, Sue Mendus, [] Hopefully, it will differ from the original in one other crucial respect: the book distributor’s [] Hopefully, it will differ from the original in one other crucial respect: the book distributor’s warehouse burnt down the day after it received the first printing of the original book! warehouse burnt down the day after it received the first printing of the original book! Preface xi Preface xi Andrea Micocci, Caroline Moore, Jeremy Nolan, Massimo Paradiso, Gill Pulpher, Andrea Micocci, Caroline Moore, Jeremy Nolan, Massimo Paradiso, Gill Pulpher, Rod Rhodes, Giuseppe Tassone, Andrew Tesseyman, and Angie Wilson. Rod Rhodes, Giuseppe Tassone, Andrew Tesseyman, and Angie Wilson. I have carried out a significant amount of archival work for this new book, and I have carried out a significant amount of archival work for this new book, and in this regard I am pleased to thank the Master and Fellows of Balliol College, in this regard I am pleased to thank the Master and Fellows of Balliol College, Oxford for their permission to consult and quote from their holdings of Green’s Oxford for their permission to consult and quote from their holdings of Green’s papers. I also wish to thank the Principal and Fellows of St. John’s College, Oxford, papers. I also wish to thank the Principal and Fellows of St. John’s College, Oxford, for their hospitality during my time as a Visiting Scholar with them in the summer for their hospitality during my time as a Visiting Scholar with them in the summer of 2007. of 2007. As always however, by far my greatest and yet least tangible debts are owed to As always however, by far my greatest and yet least tangible debts are owed to Pip, my wife, and of course to Lucy, our cat, for their continuing love, support and Pip, my wife, and of course to Lucy, our cat, for their continuing love, support and patience. This book is dedicated to my mother Edna and my brother Will, as well patience. This book is dedicated to my mother Edna and my brother Will, as well as to the memory of my father, Bill. as to the memory of my father, Bill. Of course, I alone am responsible for the use made of this assistance. Of course, I alone am responsible for the use made of this assistance. Colin Tyler Colin Tyler University of Hull University of Hull 9 March 2010 9 March 2010 Preface xi Preface xi Andrea Micocci, Caroline Moore, Jeremy Nolan, Massimo Paradiso, Gill Pulpher, Andrea Micocci, Caroline Moore, Jeremy Nolan, Massimo Paradiso, Gill Pulpher, Rod Rhodes, Giuseppe Tassone, Andrew Tesseyman, and Angie Wilson. Rod Rhodes, Giuseppe Tassone, Andrew Tesseyman, and Angie Wilson. I have carried out a significant amount of archival work for this new book, and I have carried out a significant amount of archival work for this new book, and in this regard I am pleased to thank the Master and Fellows of Balliol College, in this regard I am pleased to thank the Master and Fellows of Balliol College, Oxford for their permission to consult and quote from their holdings of Green’s Oxford for their permission to consult and quote from their holdings of Green’s papers. I also wish to thank the Principal and Fellows of St. John’s College, Oxford, papers. I also wish to thank the Principal and Fellows of St. John’s College, Oxford, for their hospitality during my time as a Visiting Scholar with them in the summer for their hospitality during my time as a Visiting Scholar with them in the summer of 2007. of 2007. As always however, by far my greatest and yet least tangible debts are owed to As always however, by far my greatest and yet least tangible debts are owed to Pip, my wife, and of course to Lucy, our cat, for their continuing love, support and Pip, my wife, and of course to Lucy, our cat, for their continuing love, support and patience. This book is dedicated to my mother Edna and my brother Will, as well patience. This book is dedicated to my mother Edna and my brother Will, as well as to the memory of my father, Bill. as to the memory of my father, Bill. Of course, I alone am responsible for the use made of this assistance. Of course, I alone am responsible for the use made of this assistance. Colin Tyler Colin Tyler University of Hull University of Hull 9 March 2010 9 March 2010 Abbreviations Abbreviations References within this book are given in the following format: §[chapter].[section] References within this book are given in the following format: §[chapter].[section] Items referenced by section number are listed below followed by an asterisk. All Items referenced by section number are listed below followed by an asterisk. All other references are to page numbers. The following abbreviations are also used other references are to page numbers. The following abbreviations are also used below: below: ‘Harris’ = Paul Harris and John Morrow, eds., T H Green: Lectures on the Principles ‘Harris’ = Paul Harris and John Morrow, eds., T H Green: Lectures on the Principles of Political Obligation and Other Writings (Cambridge: Cambridge University, of Political Obligation and Other Writings (Cambridge: Cambridge University, 1986). 1986). ‘Works’ = R.L. Nettleship and Peter P. Nicholson, eds., Works of Thomas Hill Green, ‘Works’ = R.L. Nettleship and Peter P. Nicholson, eds., Works of Thomas Hill Green, 5 vols. (Bristol: Thoemmes, 1997) 5 vols. (Bristol: Thoemmes, 1997) Writings of Thomas Hill Green Writings of Thomas Hill Green ‘Aristotle’: ‘Philosophy of Aristotle’, Works III, pp. 46–91. ‘Aristotle’: ‘Philosophy of Aristotle’, Works III, pp. 46–91. ‘Christian Dogma’: ‘Essay on Christian Dogma’, Works III, pp. 161–85. ‘Christian Dogma’: ‘Essay on Christian Dogma’, Works III, pp. 161–85. ‘Conversion of Paul’: ‘Conversion of Paul (Extract from lectures on the epistle to ‘Conversion of Paul’: ‘Conversion of Paul (Extract from lectures on the epistle to the Galatians)’, Works III, pp. 186–9. the Galatians)’, Works III, pp. 186–9. DSF: ‘On the Different Senses of “Freedom” as Applied to Will and the Moral DSF: ‘On the Different Senses of “Freedom” as Applied to Will and the Moral Progress of Man’, Harris, pp. 228–49.* Progress of Man’, Harris, pp. 228–49.* ‘Elementary’: ‘Two Lectures on “The Elementary School System of England”’ ‘Elementary’: ‘Two Lectures on “The Elementary School System of England”’ [1878], Works III, pp. 413–55. [1878], Works III, pp. 413–55. Ellerton 1: ‘1860 Ellerton Essay: Life and Immortality brought to light by the Ellerton 1: ‘1860 Ellerton Essay: Life and Immortality brought to light by the Gospel’, Works V, pp. 57–81. Gospel’, Works V, pp. 57–81. Ellerton 2: ‘1861 Ellerton Essay: The State of Religious Belief among the Jews at the Ellerton 2: ‘1861 Ellerton Essay: The State of Religious Belief among the Jews at the Time of the Coming of Christ’, Works V, pp. 83–104. Time of the Coming of Christ’, Works V, pp. 83–104. ‘English Revolution’: ‘Four Lectures on the English Commonwealth’, Works III, pp. ‘English Revolution’: ‘Four Lectures on the English Commonwealth’, Works III, pp. 277–364. 277–364. ‘Faith’: ‘Faith: Address on 2 Corinthians v. 7’, Works III, pp. 253–76. ‘Faith’: ‘Faith: Address on 2 Corinthians v. 7’, Works III, pp. 253–76. FC: ‘Force of Circumstances’, Works III, pp. 3–10. FC: ‘Force of Circumstances’, Works III, pp. 3–10. ‘Grading’: ‘Lecture on the Grading of Secondary Schools’, Works III, pp. 387–412. ‘Grading’: ‘Lecture on the Grading of Secondary Schools’, Works III, pp. 387–412. ‘Hedonism’: ‘Hedonism and the Ultimate Good’, Mind, vol. 2, no. 6 o.s. (April ‘Hedonism’: ‘Hedonism and the Ultimate Good’, Mind, vol. 2, no. 6 o.s. (April 1877), 266–69. 1877), 266–69. ‘Hodgson’: ‘An Answer to Mr. Hodgson’, Works I, pp. 521–41. ‘Hodgson’: ‘An Answer to Mr. Hodgson’, Works I, pp. 521–41. ‘Hume I’: ‘Introductions to Hume’s “Treatise of Human Nature”: I. General ‘Hume I’: ‘Introductions to Hume’s “Treatise of Human Nature”: I. General Introduction’, Works I, pp. 1–299.* Introduction’, Works I, pp. 1–299.* ‘Hume II’: ‘Introduction to the Moral Part of Hume’s “Treatise”’, Works I, pp. 301– ‘Hume II’: ‘Introduction to the Moral Part of Hume’s “Treatise”’, Works I, pp. 301– 71.* 71.* ICG: ‘The Influence of Civilisation on Genius’, Works III, pp. 11–9. ICG: ‘The Influence of Civilisation on Genius’, Works III, pp. 11–9. Abbreviations Abbreviations References within this book are given in the following format: §[chapter].[section] References within this book are given in the following format: §[chapter].[section] Items referenced by section number are listed below followed by an asterisk. All Items referenced by section number are listed below followed by an asterisk. All other references are to page numbers. The following abbreviations are also used other references are to page numbers. The following abbreviations are also used below: below: ‘Harris’ = Paul Harris and John Morrow, eds., T H Green: Lectures on the Principles ‘Harris’ = Paul Harris and John Morrow, eds., T H Green: Lectures on the Principles of Political Obligation and Other Writings (Cambridge: Cambridge University, of Political Obligation and Other Writings (Cambridge: Cambridge University, 1986). 1986). ‘Works’ = R.L. Nettleship and Peter P. Nicholson, eds., Works of Thomas Hill Green, ‘Works’ = R.L. Nettleship and Peter P. Nicholson, eds., Works of Thomas Hill Green, 5 vols. (Bristol: Thoemmes, 1997) 5 vols. (Bristol: Thoemmes, 1997) Writings of Thomas Hill Green Writings of Thomas Hill Green ‘Aristotle’: ‘Philosophy of Aristotle’, Works III, pp. 46–91. ‘Aristotle’: ‘Philosophy of Aristotle’, Works III, pp. 46–91. ‘Christian Dogma’: ‘Essay on Christian Dogma’, Works III, pp. 161–85. ‘Christian Dogma’: ‘Essay on Christian Dogma’, Works III, pp. 161–85. ‘Conversion of Paul’: ‘Conversion of Paul (Extract from lectures on the epistle to ‘Conversion of Paul’: ‘Conversion of Paul (Extract from lectures on the epistle to the Galatians)’, Works III, pp. 186–9. the Galatians)’, Works III, pp. 186–9. DSF: ‘On the Different Senses of “Freedom” as Applied to Will and the Moral DSF: ‘On the Different Senses of “Freedom” as Applied to Will and the Moral Progress of Man’, Harris, pp. 228–49.* Progress of Man’, Harris, pp. 228–49.* ‘Elementary’: ‘Two Lectures on “The Elementary School System of England”’ ‘Elementary’: ‘Two Lectures on “The Elementary School System of England”’ [1878], Works III, pp. 413–55. [1878], Works III, pp. 413–55. Ellerton 1: ‘1860 Ellerton Essay: Life and Immortality brought to light by the Ellerton 1: ‘1860 Ellerton Essay: Life and Immortality brought to light by the Gospel’, Works V, pp. 57–81. Gospel’, Works V, pp. 57–81. Ellerton 2: ‘1861 Ellerton Essay: The State of Religious Belief among the Jews at the Ellerton 2: ‘1861 Ellerton Essay: The State of Religious Belief among the Jews at the Time of the Coming of Christ’, Works V, pp. 83–104. Time of the Coming of Christ’, Works V, pp. 83–104. ‘English Revolution’: ‘Four Lectures on the English Commonwealth’, Works III, pp. ‘English Revolution’: ‘Four Lectures on the English Commonwealth’, Works III, pp. 277–364. 277–364. ‘Faith’: ‘Faith: Address on 2 Corinthians v. 7’, Works III, pp. 253–76. ‘Faith’: ‘Faith: Address on 2 Corinthians v. 7’, Works III, pp. 253–76. FC: ‘Force of Circumstances’, Works III, pp. 3–10. FC: ‘Force of Circumstances’, Works III, pp. 3–10. ‘Grading’: ‘Lecture on the Grading of Secondary Schools’, Works III, pp. 387–412. ‘Grading’: ‘Lecture on the Grading of Secondary Schools’, Works III, pp. 387–412. ‘Hedonism’: ‘Hedonism and the Ultimate Good’, Mind, vol. 2, no. 6 o.s. (April ‘Hedonism’: ‘Hedonism and the Ultimate Good’, Mind, vol. 2, no. 6 o.s. (April 1877), 266–69. 1877), 266–69. ‘Hodgson’: ‘An Answer to Mr. Hodgson’, Works I, pp. 521–41. ‘Hodgson’: ‘An Answer to Mr. Hodgson’, Works I, pp. 521–41. ‘Hume I’: ‘Introductions to Hume’s “Treatise of Human Nature”: I. General ‘Hume I’: ‘Introductions to Hume’s “Treatise of Human Nature”: I. General Introduction’, Works I, pp. 1–299.* Introduction’, Works I, pp. 1–299.* ‘Hume II’: ‘Introduction to the Moral Part of Hume’s “Treatise”’, Works I, pp. 301– ‘Hume II’: ‘Introduction to the Moral Part of Hume’s “Treatise”’, Works I, pp. 301– 71.* 71.* ICG: ‘The Influence of Civilisation on Genius’, Works III, pp. 11–9. ICG: ‘The Influence of Civilisation on Genius’, Works III, pp. 11–9.