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The Memoirs of the Conquistador Bernal Diaz del Castillo written by himself containing a true and full account of the discovery and conquest of Mexico and New Spain vol 2 of 2 PDF

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Preview The Memoirs of the Conquistador Bernal Diaz del Castillo written by himself containing a true and full account of the discovery and conquest of Mexico and New Spain vol 2 of 2

The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Memoirs of the Conquistador Bernal Diaz del Castillo, Vol 2 (of 2), by Bernal Diaz del Castillo This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: The Memoirs of the Conquistador Bernal Diaz del Castillo, Vol 2 (of 2) Written by Himself Containing a True and Full Account of the Discovery and Conquest of Mexico and New Spain. Author: Bernal Diaz del Castillo Translator: John Ingram Lockhart Release Date: May 21, 2010 [EBook #32475] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BERNAL DIAZ DEL CASTILLO, 2 OF 2 *** Produced by Julia Miller, Jane Hyland and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries) THE MEMOIRS OF THE CONQUISTADOR BERNAL DÍAZ DEL CASTILLO WRITTEN BY HIMSELF CONTAINING A TRUE AND FULL ACCOUNT OF THE DISCOVERY AND CONQUEST OF MEXICO AND NEW SPAIN TRANSLATED FROM THE ORIGINAL SPANISH BY JOHN INGRAM LOCKHART, F.R.A.S. AUTHOR OF "ATTICA AND ATHENS" [Pg i] IN TWO VOLUMES VOL. II LONDON J. HATCHARD AND SON, 187, PICCADILLY MDCCCXLIV. C. AND J. ADLARD, PRINTERS, BARTHOLOMEW CLOSE. CONTENTS OF THE SECOND VOLUME. CHAP. CXXXVII. How the whole of us marched towards Tezcuco, and what happened to us on our way there 1 CHAP. CXXXVIII. How we marched against Iztapalapan; Cortes taking along with him Alvarado and Oli; while Sandoval was left behind to protect Tezcuco 6 CHAP. CXXXIX. How ambassadors arrive in Tezcuco from three neighbouring townships, to sue for peace, and to beg forgiveness for the murder of several Spaniards who had fallen into their hands; and how Sandoval marched to Chalco and Tlalmanalco, to assist the inhabitants there against the Mexicans 8 CHAP. CXL. How Sandoval marches to Tlascalla in order to fetch the woodwork for building the brigantines, and what happened to him in a place which we termed the Moorish town 15 CHAP. CXLI. How Cortes marches against the town of Xaltocan, which lay in the midst of the lake, about twenty-four miles from Mexico, and from thence proceeds to other townships 18 CHAP. CXLII. How the captain Sandoval marches to Chalco and Tlalmanalco, and what he did there 26 CHAP. CXLIII. How we marked our slaves at Tezcuco with a red-hot iron, and received intelligence that a vessel had run into Vera Cruz 31 CHAP. CXLIV. How Cortes made a hostile excursion to all the cities and larger townships which lay round about the lake, and what happened on that occasion 34 CHAP. CXLV. The terrible thirst we suffered on our further march; our dangerous position at Xochimilco, and the many battles we fought there with the Mexicans, until our return to Tezcuco 42 CHAP. CXLVI. How we discover, on our return to Tezcuco, that a conspiracy had been set on foot by the men of Narvaez's troops to murder Cortes, and all who were of his party; of the author of this conspiracy; his punishment; and of other matters 53 CHAP. CXLVII. How Cortes issues orders to the inhabitants of all the townships in the neighbourhood of Tezcuco which were allied with us, to furnish us with arrows and copper points for the same, and what further took place at our head-quarters 55 CHAP. CXLVIII. How Cortes reviews the whole of his troops at Tezcuco; and of his further dispositions for conducting the siege of Mexico 57 CHAP. CXLIX. The manner in which Cortes selects the men who were to row the brigantines; of the commanders who were appointed to each; and of other matters 58 [Pg ii] [Pg iii] [Pg iv] CHAP. CL. Of Cortes' further dispositions for the siege 60 CHAP. CLI. How Cortes assigns particular stations to the twelve brigantines, the thirteenth being considered unfit for service 68 CHAP. CLII. How the Mexicans defeated Cortes, and took sixty-two of his men prisoners, who were sacrificed to their idols; our general himself being wounded in the leg 81 CHAP. CLIII. The new plan of operation which we adopt in the siege, and how all our allies return to their several homes 91 CHAP. CLIV. How Cortes offers terms of peace to Quauhtemoctzin 97 CHAP. CLV. How Gonzalo de Sandoval marches against the provinces which had sent their troops to cooperate with Quauhtemoctzin 100 CHAP. CLVI. How Quauhtemoctzin was taken prisoner 107 CHAP. CLVII. How Cortes orders the aqueduct of Chapultepec to be restored; and of various other matters 116 CHAP. CLVIII. How a certain Christobal de Tapia arrived in Vera Cruz, with the appointment of governor of New Spain 122 CHAP. CLIX. How Cortes and the officers of the crown forward to Spain the wardrobe of Motecusuma, and the emperor's share of the booty; and what further happened 131 CHAP. CLX. How Sandoval arrives in the town of Tustepec; what he did there; his march to the river Guacasualco, and what further happened 137 CHAP. CLXI. How Alvarado marches to the province of Tutepec to build a town there; and how far he succeeded in subduing the country, and in founding a colony 145 CHAP. CLXII. How Francisco de Garay arrives with an extensive armament in the river Panuco; how far he was successful; and of many other circumstances 148 CHAP. CLXIII. How the licentiate Zuazo set sail for New Spain in a small vessel, accompanied by two monks of the order of Charity; and their remarkable adventures on this voyage 163 CHAP. CLXIV. How Cortes despatched Alvarado to subdue the province of Guatimala, and to found a colony there 165 CHAP. CLXV. How Cortes despatched an armament, under Christobal de Oli, to the Higueras and Honduras, to subject these provinces; and what further took place during this expedition 173 CHAP. CLXVI. How we who were left behind in Guacasualco were constantly occupied in tranquillising the rebellious provinces; how Luis Marin, by command of Cortes, marches into Chiapa, to subject that province; myself and father Juan de las Varillas being particularly desired by Cortes to join him in this campaign 177 CHAP. CLXVII. How our agents in Spain brought certain accusations against the bishop of Burgos, and what further happened 195 CHAP. CLXVIII. How Narvaez, Christobal de Tapia, the pilot Umbria, and the soldier Cardenas bring heavy accusations against Cortes, at the instigation of the bishop of Burgos, and what judgment his majesty pronounced 198 CHAP. CLXIX. Of Cortes' plans after he had obtained the appointment of governor of New Spain; the way in which he distributes the Indians; and of other matters 210 CHAP. CLXX. How Cortes sends a present to his majesty; 80,000 pesos in gold and silver, besides a magnificent field-piece made of silver and gold, covered with various beautiful figures; also how he sends his father Martin Cortes above 5000 pesos 219 CHAP. CLXXI. How twelve monks of the order of St. Francis, with the vicar-general and father-superior Martin de Valencia, arrive at Vera Cruz, and how they are received by Cortes 221 [Pg v] CHAP. CLXXII. How Cortes sends his majesty 30,000 pesos worth of gold, with an account of the conversion of the Indians, the rebuilding of the city of Mexico, and of the expedition of Christobal de Oli to the Honduras; also how the vessel which conveyed this gold at the same time carried secret letters to Spain, written by the royal accountant Rodrigo de Albornoz, in which Cortes and the whole of the veteran Conquistadores were calumniated in the vilest manner 224 CHAP. CLXXIII. How Cortes sent out a captain named Francisco de las Casas against Christobal de Oli, on receiving intelligence that this officer had made common cause with Diego Velasquez, and had renounced all further obedience to him 228 CHAP. CLXXIV. How Cortes himself marches at the head of his troops to the Honduras in search of Christobal de Oli; of the officers and men he selected on this occasion, and of other matters 233 CHAP. CLXXV. How we commence our march from Guacasualco, and the terrible fatigues and hardship we had to undergo for the space of two years and three months 238 CHAP. CLXXVI. How Cortes, on our arrival at Ciguatepec, despatches Francisco de Medina in search of Simon de Cuenca, with orders for the latter to repair with the two vessels to Triunfo de la Cruz; and what further happened 245 CHAP. CLXXVII. Cortes' further plans after his arrival among the Acallan townships; how he orders the powerful cazique of Mexico Quauhtemoctzin and the king of Tlacupa to be hung; his reasons for doing this; and of other matters 250 CHAP. CLXXVIII. We continue our march, and what further happened to us 255 CHAP. CLXXIX. How Cortes entered the town founded by Gil Gonsalez de Avila; the great joy of the inhabitants at his arrival, and what he further did there 265 CHAP. CLXXX. How eighty of us, on the second day after our arrival in Buena Vista, marched out under the command of Luis Marin to explore the country and to search for provisions 266 CHAP. CLXXXI. How Cortes embarks, with the soldiers who accompanied him on this expedition, and with all the inhabitants of Buena Vista, for Puerto de Caballos, where he founds a colony, to which he gives the name of Natividad 269 CHAP. CLXXXII. Sandoval commences to subdue the province of Naco, and the opposition he meets with from the natives 272 CHAP. CLXXXIII. How Cortes disembarks in the harbour of Truxillo, and the inhabitants rejoice at his arrival 273 CHAP. CLXXXIV. How Sandoval, during our stay at Naco, takes forty Spanish soldiers with their captain prisoners, who, on their march from the province of Nicaragua, had everywhere plundered and otherwise ill-used the inhabitants 277 CHAP. CLXXXV. How Cortes receives a letter from the licentiate Zuazo out of the Havannah, and of its contents 281 CHAP. CLXXXVI. How Pedro Arias de Avila is apprized by two of his confidants that Francisco Hernandez was in close correspondence with Cortes, and about to declare his independence of him; the steps which Arias took upon this 289 CHAP. CLXXXVII. How Cortes, after setting sail, was twice obliged to put back into the harbour of Truxillo; and what further happened 290 CHAP. CLXXXVIII. How Cortes despatches one of his servants, named Martin de Orantes, to Mexico, with letters to Francisco de las Casas and Pedro de Alvarado, in which he empowers them to take upon themselves the chief government of New Spain; but in case they were absent he conferred the same power on Estrada and Albornoz 292 [Pg vi] CHAP. CLXXXIX. How the treasurer, with several other cavaliers, requested the Franciscan monks to despatch father Diego de Altamirano, a relation of Cortes, to Truxillo, to desire our general to hasten his departure for Mexico 296 CHAP. CXC. Cortes sets sail from the Havannah, and has a favorable passage to Vera Cruz, where he is received with the greatest rejoicings 300 CHAP. CXCI. How the licentiate Luis Ponce de Leon, who was commissioned to make inquiries into Cortes' government of New Spain, arrives in the harbour of San Juan de Ulua 303 CHAP. CXCII. How the licentiate commences the investigation against Cortes, and all those persons who had filled judicial offices; and how he fell ill shortly after, and died 309 CHAP. CXCIII. How, after the death of Ponce de Leon, Marcos de Aguilar assumes the government; the disputes which arose in consequence, and of other matters 311 CHAP. CXCIV. Marcos de Aguilar dies, and in his will appoints the treasurer Alonso de Estrada governor; and of other matters 318 CHAP. CXCV. How Cortes receives letters from the Cardinal de Siguenza, then president of the council of the Indies, and from several other cavaliers, advising him to repair to Spain without delay; the death of his father Martin Cortes; and of other matters 326 CHAP. CXCVI. How the royal court of audience arrive in Mexico during Cortes' stay in Spain, and what their first occupations were 336 CHAP. CXCVII. How Nuño de Guzman, on the intelligence that the emperor had cashiered the royal court of audience, determines to subdue the province of Xalisco, at present called New Galicia 343 CHAP. CXCVIII. The arrival of the new members of the royal court of audience in Mexico 344 CHAP. CXCIX. Cortes returns to New Spain as marquis del Valle Oaxaca, and captain-general of New Spain and of the South Sea, accompanied by his wife Doña Maria de Zuniga, and father Leguizamo and other monks 348 CHAP. CC. Of the vast expenses to which the marquis Hernando Cortes put himself in fitting out the expeditions to the South Sea, and of their unfortunate termination 349 CHAP. CCI. Of the great festivities which took place in Mexico on account of the peace which was concluded between our emperor and the king of France; and of Cortes' second journey to Spain 355 CHAP. CCII. How the viceroy sends out a squadron of three vessels into the South Sea to the assistance of Francisco Vasquez Coronado, in the conquest of Cibola 357 CHAP. CCIII. Of a very extensive armament which was fitted out by Alvarado in the year 1537 ib. CHAP. CCIV. What befel the marquis del Valle on his second visit to Spain 363 CHAP. CCV. Of the brave officers and soldiers who sailed from the island of Cuba with the fortunate and spirited captain Hernando Cortes, afterwards marquis del Valle 370 CHAP. CCVI. Of the stature and outward person of several brave officers and soldiers, and of their age when they first joined Cortes 383 CHAP. CCVII. Of the great merit which is due to us, the true Conquistadores 387 CHAP. CCVIII. Of the human sacrifices and abominations practised by the inhabitants of New Spain; how we abolished these, and introduced the holy Christian faith into the country 388 CHAP. CCIX. How we introduced the Christian religion among the Indians; of their conversion and baptism; and of the different trades we taught them 390 [Pg vii] CHAP. CCX. Of other advantages which arose from our glorious conquests 393 CHAP. CCXI. The deliberations which took place at Valladolid in the year 1550, in the royal council of the Indies, respecting the distribution of Indians in perpetuity 398 CHAP. CCXII. Of various remarks which were made respecting my history, which the reader will be pleased to hear 401 CHAP. CCXIII. Of the planets and signs in the heavens which prognosticated reted by the Mexicans; and of other matters 406 NOTES 411 Transcriber's note: The following errata have been corrected in the text. ERRATA. P. 141, l. 32, for then, read there. 165, 19, for Guanaca, read Guaxaca. 199, 15, for with, read and. 345, 38, omit to be. 354, 22, for forgot, read forget. 366, 6, for enbonpoint, read embonpoint. CONQUEST OF MEXICO AND NEW SPAIN. CHAPTER CXXXVII. How the whole of us marched towards Tezcuco, and what happened to us on our way there. WHEN CORTES FOUND HIMSELF SO WELL PROVIDED AGAIN WITH MUSKETS, POWDER, CROSSBOWS, AND HORSES, AND OBSERVED HOW IMPATIENT THE WHOLE OF US, OFFICERS AS WELL AS SOLDIERS, WERE TO COMMENCE THE SIEGE OF THE GREAT CITY OF MEXICO, HE DESIRED THE CAZIQUES OF TLASCALLA TO FURNISH HIM WITH 10,000 OF THEIR TROOPS TO JOIN US IN THE CAMPAIGN OF TEZCUCO, AS THIS WAS ONE OF THE LARGEST TOWNS OF NEW SPAIN, AND NEXT IN IMPORTANCE TO MEXICO. THE ELDER XICOTENCATL (NOW CALLED DON LORENZO DE VARGAS) ASSURED HIM THAT NOT ONLY THE 10,000, BUT MANY MORE TROOPS WERE AT HIS SERVICE, AND THAT THE BRAVE CAZIQUE CHICHIMECLATECL, OUR PARTICULAR FRIEND, WOULD HIMSELF MARCH OUT AT THEIR HEAD. CORTES RETURNED HIM THE MOST SINCERE THANKS, AND, AFTER HAVING REVIEWED THE WHOLE OF HIS TROOPS, WHOSE EXACT NUMBER [1] I HAVE FORGOTTEN, WE commenced our march on the fourth day after Christmas of the year 1520. THE FIRST NIGHT WE QUARTERED IN A TOWNSHIP WHICH WAS SUBJECT TO TEZCUCO, AND WERE PROVIDED WITH EVERYTHING WE REQUIRED. FROM THIS PLACE WE ARRIVED ON THE MEXICAN TERRITORY, WHERE, IF POSSIBLE, WE OBSERVED STILL GREATER PRECAUTION, AND ALWAYS HAD FOUR OF THE HORSE-PATROL AND AN EQUAL NUMBER OF FOOT IN ADVANCE TO EXPLORE THE DEFILES, AS WE HAD BEEN INFORMED ON OUR MARCH THAT A VERY FORMIDABLE MOUNTAIN PASS HAD BEEN BLOCKED UP BY LARGE TREES WHICH THE ENEMY HAD FELLED WHEN NOTICE OF OUR APPROACH WAS RECEIVED IN MEXICO AND TEZCUCO. DURING THIS DAY'S MARCH, HOWEVER, WE MET WITH NO KIND OF OBSTACLE, AND QUARTERED OURSELVES FOR THE NIGHT ABOUT TWELVE MILES FURTHER ON, AT THE FOOT OF A MOUNTAIN. HERE WE FOUND IT VERY COLD, BUT KEPT A SHARP LOOK OUT. WITH BREAK OF DAY WE CONTINUED OUR MARCH FURTHER UP THE MOUNTAIN, AND SPEEDILY ARRIVED WHERE THE MOUNTAIN PASS HAD BEEN BLOCKED UP BY FELLED TREES, AND A DEEP HOLLOW HAD BEEN MADE; BUT AS WE HAD GREAT NUMBERS OF TLASCALLANS WITH US, WE SOON MANAGED TO CLEAR AWAY THE TREES, AND TO FILL UP THE HOLE, SO AS TO ENABLE OUR CAVALRY TO PASS OVER, A COMPANY OF CROSSBOW-MEN AND MUSKETEERS MARCHING IN ADVANCE. WE NOW ASCENDED THE MOUNTAIN FOR SOME TIME, AND THEN DESCENDED A LITTLE, UNTIL WE CAME TO A SPOT WHENCE WE HAD A fine view of the lake of Mexico and its large towns standing in the midst of the water. AS SOON AS WE BEHELD THIS CITY AGAIN, WE THANKED THE ALMIGHTY FOR HAVING CONDUCTED US THUS FAR, AND WE PROMISED OURSELVES TO ACT MORE PRUDENTLY IN THIS CAMPAIGN AGAINST MEXICO THAN WE HAD DONE PREVIOUSLY. ON DESCENDING THIS MOUNTAIN, WE OBSERVED NUMBERS OF SIGNAL FIRES ABOUT TEZCUCO AND THE TOWNSHIPS SUBJECT TO IT, AND WHEN WE HAD ARRIVED [Pg viii] [Pg 1] [Pg 2] AT ANOTHER FORMIDABLE PASS, WE CAME UP WITH A LARGE BODY OF MEXICANS AND TEZCUCANS. THEY WERE WAITING OUR ARRIVAL NEAR A BRIDGE WHICH HAD BEEN HALF BURNT DOWN, THE WATER BEING OF CONSIDERABLE DEPTH. WE, HOWEVER, SOON PUT THE ENEMY TO FLIGHT, AND GOT SAFELY ON THE OPPOSITE SIDE, THOUGH OUR ENEMIES STILL CONTINUED TO YELL FEARFULLY FROM OUT THE defiles and other places where we could not get at them, but that was all they did. ALTHOUGH IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE FOR OUR CAVALRY TO MANŒUVRE HERE, OUR FRIENDS THE TLASCALLANS DID NOT REMAIN INACTIVE, FOR THEY SPREAD THEMSELVES ABOUT THE COUNTRY, AND CARRIED OFF EVERYTHING THEY COULD LAY THEIR HANDS ON, ALTHOUGH CORTES HAD ORDERED THAT NO HOSTILITIES SHOULD COMMENCE UNLESS THE ENEMY ATTACKED US FIRST; THE TLASCALLANS, HOWEVER, MAINTAINED THAT IF THESE TEZCUCANS HAD BEEN FRIENDLY INCLINED TOWARDS US, THEY WOULD NOT HAVE MARCHED OUT AGAINST US AS FAR AS THE bridge to stop our further progress. THE NIGHT FOLLOWING WE TOOK UP OUR QUARTERS IN ANOTHER TOWNSHIP UNDER TEZCUCO. HERE THE WHOLE OF THE INHABITANTS HAD FLED; NEVERTHELESS WE TOOK EVERY PRECAUTION, AS WE WERE ALMOST SURE WE SHOULD BE ATTACKED BY A VAST BODY OF MEXICANS WHO WERE LYING IN WAIT FOR US IN ANOTHER MOUNTAIN PASS; THIS WE HAD LEARNT FROM FIVE MEXICANS WHOM WE HAD TAKEN PRISONERS AT THE BRIDGE JUST MENTIONED, BUT WE AFTERWARDS HEARD THAT THEY HAD NOT DARED TO RUN THE RISK OF AN ENGAGEMENT WITH US, AND HAD, CONSEQUENTLY, MARCHED OFF THEIR TROOPS; BESIDES WHICH, AT THAT TIME, THE MEXICANS AND TEZCUCANS WERE NOT UPON THE BEST OF TERMS WITH EACH OTHER; AND THE SMALLPOX WAS RAGING THROUGHOUT THE WHOLE OF THIS DISTRICT, SO THAT THEY WERE NOT ABLE TO BRING MANY WARRIORS INTO THE FIELD; WHILE OUR RECENT VICTORIES OVER THE MEXICAN GARRISONS OF QUAUQUECHOLLA, ITZTUCAN, TEPEACA, XALATZINCO, AND CASTILBLANCO, HAD SPREAD TERROR THROUGH THE COUNTRY, and it was firmly believed that the united forces of Huexotzinco and Tlascalla had joined us in this campaign. THE SPOT WHERE WE HAD ENCAMPED FOR THE NIGHT MAY HAVE BEEN ABOUT EIGHT MILES FROM TEZCUCO, WHICH WE LEFT AT BREAK OF DAY, AND OBSERVED EVERY MILITARY PRECAUTION AS WE PASSED ALONG. WE HAD SCARCELY PROCEEDED A COUPLE OF MILES WHEN OUR SCOUTS CAME IN WITH THE GLAD TIDINGS TO CORTES THAT ABOUT TEN INDIANS WERE APPROACHING, ALL UNARMED, AND BEARING A SPECIES OF GOLDEN BANNER: NEITHER HAD THEY, ON PASSING BY ANY DWELLINGS OR PLANTATIONS, BEEN ASSAILED BY SUCH TERRIBLE YELLS AS ON THE DAY BEFORE; BUT EVERYTHING WORE THE ASPECT OF PEACE. CORTES AND THE WHOLE OF US WERE DELIGHTED WITH THESE GOOD OMENS, AND WE HALTED FOR SOME TIME TO REST A LITTLE. SEVEN DISTINGUISHED TEZCUCANS NOW CAME UP, CARRYING A GOLDEN BANNER AT THE POINT OF A LONG LANCE, WHICH THEY LOWERED, IN TOKEN OF PEACE, AS THEY APPROACHED NEARER TO US. WHEN THEY HAD ARRIVED IN THE PRESENCE OF CORTES, WHO HAD DOÑA MARINA AND AGUILAR STANDING AT HIS SIDE, THEY ADDRESSED HIM AS FOLLOWS: "MALINCHE, OUR LORD AND MASTER COANACOTZIN, [2] THE KING OF TEZCUCO, HAS SENT US TO YOU TO BEG OF YOU TO TAKE HIM INTO YOUR FRIENDSHIP. HE AWAITS YOU IN HIS CITY OF TEZCUCO; AND, IN TOKEN OF PEACE, HE SENDS YOU THIS GOLDEN BANNER: AT THE SAME TIME HE REQUESTS YOU WILL COMMAND YOUR BROTHERS AND THE TLASCALLANS NOT TO COMMIT ANY DEPREDATIONS IN HIS COUNTRY, AND WISHES YOU TO TAKE UP YOUR QUARTERS IN HIS CITY, WHERE HE WILL PROVIDE YOU WITH everything you may require." THESE PERSONS LIKEWISE ASSURED US THAT THE TROOPS WHICH LAY IN WAIT FOR US IN THE DEFILES AND MOUNTAIN PASSES WERE NOT OF TEZCUCO, BUT THE WHOLE OF THEM WERE MEXICANS SENT OUT AGAINST US BY QUAUHTEMOCTZIN. CORTES AND THE WHOLE OF US WERE OVERJOYED AT THE MESSAGE WHICH THE KING OF TEZCUCO HAD SENT US. HE EMBRACED THE AMBASSADORS AND THREE OF THEM MOST AFFECTIONATELY, FOR THEY WERE RELATIVES OF MOTECUSUMA, AND WELL KNOWN TO MOST OF US AS HAVING BEEN OFFICERS OF THAT MONARCH. OUR GENERAL THEN ORDERED THE TLASCALLAN CHIEFS INTO HIS PRESENCE, AND STRICTLY ENJOINED THEM NOT TO ALLOW THEIR MEN TO COMMIT ANY DEPREDATIONS IN THIS COUNTRY, NOR INJURE ANY ONE, AS WE WERE AT PEACE WITH THE INHABITANTS. THESE ORDERS THEY OBEYED, THOUGH THEY WERE NOT SO VERY PARTICULAR AS TO THE MANNER IN WHICH THEY PROCURED THEMSELVES provisions, as every house had a plentiful supply of maise, beans, dogs, and fowls. CORTES, HOWEVER, SUSPECTED THE TEZCUCANS WERE NOT IN EARNEST IN SUEING FOR PEACE, AND DELIBERATED WITH OUR OFFICERS ON the subject, who were all of the same opinion, and observed that if the Tezcucans had been honestly inclined they would NOT HAVE COME IN SO GREAT A HURRY, AND WOULD HAVE BROUGHT PROVISIONS WITH THEM. CORTES, NEVERTHELESS, ACCEPTED OF THE GOLDEN BANNER, WHICH MAY HAVE BEEN WORTH ABOUT EIGHTY PESOS; HE THANKED THE AMBASSADORS, AND ASSURED THEM THAT IT WAS NOT OUR CUSTOM TO ILL-USE ANY OF OUR EMPEROR'S SUBJECTS; ON THE CONTRARY, THEY ALWAYS EXPERIENCED THE KINDEST TREATMENT FROM US. THIS THEY THEMSELVES WOULD FIND TO BE TRUE, IF THEY ABIDED FAITHFULLY BY THE PEACE THEY NOW SOUGHT OF US; HE HAD ALSO COMMANDED THE TLASCALLANS NOT TO INJURE ANY OF THE INHABITANTS; BUT AS THE TEZCUCANS ON OUR RETREAT FROM MEXICO HAD MURDERED UPWARDS OF FORTY SPANIARDS AND 200 TLASCALLANS, AND PLUNDERED THEM OF ALL THEY POSSESSED, HE MUST DEMAND OF THEIR KING COANACOTZIN, AND OF THE CAZIQUES OF TEZCUCO, RESTITUTION OF THE STOLEN PROPERTY, AND IF THEY DELIVERED UP THIS TO HIM HE WOULD PARDON THE MURDER OF THE SPANIARDS, WHOM THEY COULD NOT RESTORE TO US AGAIN. THE AMBASSADORS REPLIED, THAT THEY WOULD FAITHFULLY COMMUNICATE ALL THIS TO THEIR MONARCH, BUT ASSURED US THAT THE TEULES HE SPOKE OF WERE, BY ORDER OF CUITLAHUATZIN, ALL SENT TO MEXICO WITH EVERYTHING THEY HAD POSSESSED, AND WERE THERE sacrificed to Huitzilopochtli. CORTES, NOT WISHING TO INTIMIDATE THEM, MADE NO FURTHER REPLY, BUT DESIRED ONE OF THEM TO REMAIN WITH US AND DISMISSED the others in peace. THE NEXT PLACE WE CAME TO WAS ONE OF THE SUBURBAN VILLAGES OF TEZCUCO, BUT I HAVE FORGOTTEN ITS NAME. HERE WE WERE FURNISHED WITH EXCELLENT PROVISIONS AND EVERY OTHER NECESSARY. ON OUR ROAD WE DESTROYED SOME IDOLS WHICH WE FOUND IN A LARGE BUILDING WHERE WE STOPPED. THE NEXT MORNING WE ENTERED TEZCUCO ITSELF, AND IT IMMEDIATELY STRUCK US AS SINGULAR THAT WE SHOULD NEITHER MEET WITH WOMEN NOR CHILDREN, BUT ONLY WITH GROWN UP MEN, WHO ALL APPEARED VERY SHY OF US, AS IF THEY WERE ABOUT TO COMMENCE HOSTILITIES. NOTWITHSTANDING THIS WE TOOK UP OUR QUARTERS HERE, BUT CORTES GAVE STRICT COMMANDS THAT NONE OF THE OFFICERS OR MEN SHOULD STIR OUT OF THE LARGE COURTYARDS ADJOINING OUR QUARTERS, AND TO BE ALTOGETHER UPON THEIR GUARD, AS THE INHABITANTS DID NOT APPEAR VERY PEACEABLY INCLINED, AND IT WAS NECESSARY WE SHOULD [Pg 3] [Pg 4] first see how matters stood. ALVARADO AND OLI WITH SEVERAL SOLDIERS, AMONG WHICH NUMBER I WAS MYSELF, WERE ORDERED TO TAKE POSSESSION OF THE GREAT CU, WHICH WAS VERY HIGH, AND TO TAKE WITH US TWENTY MUSKETEERS AS A GUARD. FROM WHICH PLACE WE WERE NARROWLY TO WATCH THE TOWN AND LAKE, OF WHICH WE HAD AN EXCELLENT VIEW FROM THIS HEIGHT. WE HAD NO SOONER ARRIVED AT THE TOP OF THE TEMPLE THAN WE ESPIED THE INHABITANTS OF THIS AND THE SURROUNDING TOWNSHIPS RUNNING OFF WITH ALL THEY POSSESSED; SOME FLEEING TO THE MOUNTAINS, OTHERS AGAIN CONCEALING THEMSELVES IN THOSE PARTS OF THE LAKE WHICH WERE THICKLY GROWN with reeds; the lake itself being crowded with large and small canoes. INFORMATION OF THIS WAS IMMEDIATELY FORWARDED TO CORTES, WHO THEN DETERMINED TO SEIZE THE KING OF TEZCUCO, WHO HAD SENT HIM THE GOLDEN BANNER, BUT WAS INFORMED BY THE PAPAS, WHOM HE HAD DESPATCHED TO CALL THEIR MONARCH, THAT HE HAD fled with several distinguished personages to Mexico. IN THIS WAY THE FIRST NIGHT PASSED AWAY, DURING WHICH TIME WE KEPT A VIGILANT LOOK OUT, POSTED OUR SENTINELS IN ALL DIRECTIONS, AND MADE FREQUENT PATROLS. THE NEXT MORNING, VERY EARLY, CORTES SENT FOR THE CHIEF AUTHORITIES OF THE TOWN, OF WHOM MANY WERE OPPOSED TO THE RUNAWAY MONARCH, AS THEY WERE AT ISSUE WITH HIM ON VARIOUS POINTS RESPECTING THE PRIVILEGES HE EXERCISED IN GOVERNING THE TOWN. WHEN THESE MADE THEIR APPEARANCE, HE DESIRED THEM TO DETAIL EVERY CIRCUMSTANCE TO HIM, AND INQUIRED OF THEM HOW LONG COANACOTZIN HAD BEEN KING. THEY REPLIED, THAT COANACOTZIN, IN ORDER TO RAISE HIMSELF TO THE THRONE, HAD MURDERED HIS ELDER BROTHER, THE FORMER REGENT; AND THAT THIS WAS DONE IN SECRET UNDERSTANDING WITH CUITLAHUATZIN, WHO HAD ATTACKED AND DRIVEN US OUT OF MEXICO AFTER THE DEATH OF MOTECUSUMA; BUT THAT THERE WERE OTHER PERSONS IN THE TOWN WHO HAD A NEARER CLAIM TO THE CROWN OF TEZCUCO, PARTICULARLY ONE YOUNG MAN, WHO WAS INDEED THE RIGHTFUL HEIR. THIS YOUNG MAN SHORTLY AFTER BECAME A CONVERT TO CHRISTIANITY, AND WAS BAPTIZED WITH GREAT SOLEMNITY BY FATHER OLMEDO, AND NAMED AFTER HIS GODFATHER, DON HERNANDO CORTES. [3] HE WAS THE LAWFUL SON OF THE FORMER PRINCE OF TEZCUCO, NEZAHAL PINTZINTLI. [4] HE WAS, THEREFORE, WITHOUT ANY FURTHER DELAY RAISED TO THE THRONE, AND INSTALLED WITH ALL DUE SOLEMNITY, TO THE GREAT SATISFACTION OF THE INHABITANTS, WHO OBEYED THE NEW KING WITH THE BEST OF GOOD WILL. THAT, HOWEVER, HE MIGHT BE THOROUGHLY CONFIRMED IN OUR HOLY RELIGION, LEARN THE ART OF GOVERNING, AND THE SPANISH LANGUAGE, CORTES GAVE HIM FOR STEWARDS THE BACHELOR ESCOBAR, AND ANTONIO DE VILLAREAL, WHO WAS MARRIED TO THE BEAUTIFUL ISABELLA DE OJEDA. THE BRAVE PEDRO SANCHEZ FARSAN, WHOSE WIFE WAS THE COURAGEOUS AND EXCELLENT MARIA DE ESTRADA, WAS APPOINTED COMMANDANT OF THE TOWN, AND HE WAS PARTICULARLY CAUTIONED NOT TO ALLOW THE KING TO HAVE ANY COMMUNICATION WITH THE MEXICANS. THIS PRINCE SUBSEQUENTLY RENDERED US THE GREATEST SERVICES; AND HE WAS GREATLY esteemed and beloved by his subjects. The first thing Cortes required of him at present was a sufficient number of hands TO ASSIST US IN LAUNCHING THE BRIGANTINES WHEN THEY SHOULD BE COMPLETED, AND TO LENGTHEN AND DEEPEN THE CANALS WHERE THEY WERE TO BE LAUNCHED; HE THEN INFORMED THE KING AND CHIEF PERSONAGES OF TEZCUCO FOR WHAT HE INTENDED THESE VESSELS, AND OF HIS DETERMINATION TO INCLOSE MEXICO ON ALL SIDES. THEY NOT ONLY DECLARED THEIR WILLINGNESS TO COOPERATE WITH US, BUT EVEN SENT MESSENGERS TO THE NEIGHBOURING TOWNSHIPS, INVITING THEM TO SEEK OUR FRIENDSHIP, SUBJECT themselves to our emperor, and declare war against Mexico. THE WHOLE OF OUR TROOPS WERE NOW DIVIDED INTO COMPANIES, TO EACH ONE WAS ASSIGNED SOME PARTICULAR STATION, WHICH, INDEED, WAS VERY NECESSARY, AS QUAUHTEMOCTZIN SENT OUT FROM TIME TO TIME NUMBERS OF LARGE PIROGUES AND CANOES, TO see whether we were off our guard or not. ABOUT THIS TIME SEVERAL TRIBES WHICH WERE SUBJECT TO TEZCUCO CAME TO SUE FOR PEACE WITH US AND BEG FORGIVENESS, IF WE THOUGHT THEY HAD BEEN ANY WAY IMPLICATED IN THE LATE MURDERS OF OUR COUNTRYMEN. CORTES RECEIVED THEM MOST KINDLY, AND TOOK THEM INTO HIS FRIENDSHIP. THE BUILDING OF OUR BRIGANTINES WAS NOW RAPIDLY CONTINUED, AND THERE WERE EVERY DAY FROM SEVEN TO EIGHT THOUSAND INDIANS EMPLOYED TO LENGTHEN AND DEEPEN ONE OF THE CANALS. AS WE HAD AN EQUAL NUMBER OF TLASCALLANS IN OUR SERVICE, WHO GREATLY DESIRED TO HEAP UP HONOUR FOR THEMSELVES IN ASSISTING US AGAINST THE MEXICANS, CORTES EASILY PERSUADED THEM TO ACCOMPANY HIM IN AN EXPEDITION AGAINST IZTAPALAPAN, THROUGH WHICH TOWN WE HAD PASSED ON OUR FIRST MARCH TO MEXICO. CUITLAHUATZIN, THE KING OF THIS TOWNSHIP, HAD BEEN RAISED TO THE THRONE OF MEXICO, AFTER THE DEATH OF MOTECUSUMA, AND THE INHABITANTS HAD DONE US CONSIDERABLE DAMAGE, AND WERE CONTINUALLY COMMITTING THEIR DEPREDATIONS ON THE TOWNSHIPS OF CHALCO, TLALMANALCO, AMAQUEMECAN, AND CHIMALHUACAN, BECAUSE THESE HAD ENTERED INTO ALLIANCE WITH US. WE HAD NOW BEEN TWELVE DAYS IN TEZCUCO WITHOUT HAVING ACHIEVED ANY THING WORTHY OF mention, and therefore determined to open the campaign against Iztapalapan. CHAPTER CXXXVIII. How we marched against Iztapalapan; Cortes taking along with him Alvarado and Oli; while Sandoval was left behind to protect Tezcuco. THE EXPEDITION AGAINST IZTAPALAPAN WAS PRINCIPALLY UNDERTAKEN TO PLEASE THE TLASCALLANS, SO GREAT WAS THEIR DESIRE TO TRY THEIR STRENGTH AGAIN WITH THE MEXICANS ON THE FIELD OF BATTLE. THEIR PATIENCE WAS ALMOST EXHAUSTED, AND THEY LONGED TO REVENGE THE DEATH OF THEIR COUNTRYMEN WHO WERE SLAIN IN OUR DISASTROUS FLIGHT FROM MEXICO. TO THIS WAS LIKEWISE ADDED, THAT THE TEZCUCANS COULD SCARCELY SUPPLY THE NECESSARY PROVISIONS FOR SO GREAT A BODY OF MEN, AND IT WAS NOT OUR interest to be too burdensome to them. CORTES COMMANDED THIS EXPEDITION IN PERSON, ACCOMPANIED BY ALVARADO, OLI, THIRTEEN HORSE, TWENTY CROSSBOW-MEN, SIX [Pg 5] [Pg 6] [Pg 7] MUSKETEERS, AND TWO HUNDRED SPANISH FOOT. THESE TROOPS WERE JOINED BY THE WHOLE OF OUR TLASCALLAN FRIENDS, AND twenty of the Tezcucan chiefs, all relations of the Prince Don Hernando, and enemies to Quauhtemoctzin. AFTER THE NECESSARY ARRANGEMENTS HAD BEEN MADE, WE COMMENCED OUR MARCH TOWARDS IZTAPALAPAN, WHICH LIES ABOVE SIXTEEN MILES FROM TEZCUCO, AND, AS I HAVE BEFORE STATED, HALF THE TOWN STANDS IN THE LAKE ITSELF. WE MARCHED FORWARD WITH EVERY MILITARY PRECAUTION, AS THE MEXICANS HAD POSTED THEIR SCOUTS IN ALL QUARTERS TO WATCH OUR MOVEMENTS, SO THAT they might be able to throw a body of troops into any place we might threaten to attack. ON THIS OCCASION AGAIN THEY HAD RECEIVED DUE INFORMATION OF OUR DESIGN, AND THEY HAD STRENGTHENED THE GARRISON OF IZTAPALAPAN WITH ABOVE 8000 WARRIORS; SO THAT WE FOUND A CONSIDERABLE ARMY READY TO RECEIVE US IN FRONT OF THAT TOWN. THE ENEMY BRAVELY STOOD THEIR GROUND FOR A CONSIDERABLE LENGTH OF TIME, BUT AT LAST GAVE WAY, SO VIGOROUSLY DID WE SET UPON THEM WITH OUR HORSE, CROSSBOWS, AND MUSKETS; WHILE OUR FRIENDS OF TLASCALLA RUSHED UPON THEM LIKE SO MANY FURIOUS DOGS. THE MEXICANS NOW RETREATED INTO THE TOWN ITSELF, WHERE WE PURSUED THEM; BUT THIS IT APPEARS WAS BY A PRECONCERTED PLAN, AND HAD ALMOST PROVED FATAL TO US. THE ENEMY RETREATED BEFORE US, THREW THEMSELVES INTO THEIR CANOES, AND CONCEALED THEMSELVES, PARTLY IN THE HOUSES WHICH STOOD IN THE WATER, AND PARTLY AMONG THE REEDS WHICH GREW IN THE LAKE. BY THIS TIME IT WAS QUITE DARK, AND AS THE ENEMY REMAINED PERFECTLY QUIET, WE CONTENTED OURSELVES WITH THE VICTORY WE HAD GAINED, AND NEGLECTED TO OBSERVE OUR USUAL MILITARY PRECAUTIONS. WHILE WE THUS THOUGHT OURSELVES SECURE, AND LEAST OF ALL IMAGINED WE WERE THREATENED BY ANY DANGER, SO VAST A FLOOD OF WATER RUSHED ALL OF AN INSTANT INTO THE TOWN, THAT WE MUST UNDOUBTEDLY HAVE ALL BEEN DROWNED, IF THE DISTINGUISHED TEZCUCANS WHO WERE WITH US HAD NOT GIVEN US TIMELY NOTICE TO QUIT THE HOUSES. THE ENEMY HAD CUT THROUGH TWO DAMS, AND THEREBY AT ONCE INUNDATED THE TOWN; SO THAT MANY OF OUR TLASCALLAN FRIENDS, WHO WERE NOT ACCUSTOMED TO DEEP WATERS, AND CONSEQUENTLY UNABLE TO swim, were drowned. We others likewise got a thorough WETTING, LOST OUR POWDER, AND WERE OBLIGED TO RETREAT FROM THE TOWN IN ALL HASTE, WITH GREAT RISK OF OUR LIVES. AND THUS, WITH OUR CLOTHES COMPLETELY DRENCHED, WITH EMPTY STOMACHS, AND SHIVERING WITH COLD, WE PASSED A MOST TERRIBLE NIGHT, THE ENEMY CONTINUALLY ASSAILING OUR EARS WITH DERISIVE SHOUTS AND HORRIBLE YELLS FROM THEIR CANOES AND HOUSES. BUT SOMETHING STILL WORSE AWAITED US, FOR THE INHABITANTS OF MEXICO, WHO HAD BEEN APPRIZED OF OUR PERILOUS SITUATION, NOW CAME ADVANCING TOWARDS US IN VAST NUMBERS, BOTH BY LAND AND WATER, AND FELL UPON US THE NEXT MORNING WITH SUCH DREADFUL FURY, THAT IT WAS ONLY BY EXERTING OURSELVES TO THE UTMOST WE WERE ABLE TO MAKE A STAND AGAINST THEM. IN THIS ENGAGEMENT WE LOST TWO SPANIARDS AND ONE HORSE, AND GREAT NUMBERS OF OUR MEN WERE WOUNDED. BY DEGREES, HOWEVER, THE ENEMY BECAME LESS FURIOUS IN THEIR ATTACKS, AND WE WERE THUS ENABLED TO RETREAT TO TEZCUCO, NOT A LITTLE ANNOYED AT THE DEFEAT WE HAD SUSTAINED. IF WE DID NOT REAP MUCH HONOUR FOR OURSELVES IN THIS LAST BATTLE, IT MUST BE REMEMBERED WE HAD LOST ALL OUR POWDER. WE HAD, HOWEVER, TAUGHT OUR ENEMIES TO RESPECT US A LITTLE, FOR THEY REMAINED PERFECTLY QUIET AFTER OUR RETREAT TO TEZCUCO, AND OCCUPIED THEIR TIME IN DRESSING THEIR WOUNDS, BURYING THE DEAD, AND REPAIRING THE HOUSES WHICH HAD BEEN DAMAGED. I MUST NOW RETURN TO TEZCUCO, WHERE IN THE meantime ambassadors had arrived from other townships to sue for peace. CHAPTER CXXXIX. How ambassadors arrive in Tezcuco from three neighbouring townships, to sue for peace, and to beg forgiveness for the murder of several Spaniards who had fallen into their hands; and how Sandoval marched to Chalco and Tlalmanalco, to assist the inhabitants there against the Mexicans. THE SECOND DAY AFTER OUR RETURN TO TEZCUCO, THREE OF THE NEIGHBOURING TOWNSHIPS SENT TO CORTES, TO SUE FOR PEACE, AND BEG FORGIVENESS, FOR HAVING PUT SOME SPANIARDS TO DEATH; THEY STROVE TO EXONERATE THEMSELVES FROM ALL GUILT, BY STATING THAT THEY HAD BEEN COMPELLED TO MARCH AGAINST US BY COMMAND OF CUITLAHUATZIN, WHO HAD ASCENDED THE MEXICAN THRONE AFTER MOTECUSUMA'S DEATH; THEY HAD MERELY DONE, THEY SAID, WHAT THEY COULD NOT AVOID, AND HAD SENT THE SPANIARDS THEY had captured, with their horses, and everything else belonging to them, to Mexico. These townships, which thus came to SUE FOR PEACE, WERE TEPETEZCUCO AND OTUMPAN; THE NAME OF THE THIRD I HAVE FORGOTTEN. THIS WAS THE SAME OTUMPAN where the memorable battle took place which we fought against the flower of the Mexican army. THE INHABITANTS OF THESE TOWNSHIPS WERE TERRIFIED WHEN THEY HEARD OF OUR MARCH AGAINST IZTAPALAPAN, AND CONCLUDED THEY MIGHT NOW ALSO EXPECT A VISIT FROM US; AND THOUGH THEY WOULD HAVE BEEN PLEASED TO HEAR THAT WE HAD PERISHED IN THE WATER, OR HAD BEEN WORSTED IN THE LAST BATTLE, YET THEY CONSIDERED IT MORE ADVISABLE, BY SEEKING PEACE OF US, TO AVERT THE castigation they feared. CORTES, SEEING HE COULD NOT DO BETTER UNDER THE PRESENT CIRCUMSTANCES, GRANTED THEM A PARDON FOR THE PAST, BUT MADE them give a solemn promise to remain faithful to our emperor in future, to obey us in everything, and never again to enter INTO AN ALLIANCE WITH MEXICO; TO ALL OF WHICH THEY FAITHFULLY ADHERED. AFTER THIS, AMBASSADORS ARRIVED FROM ANOTHER TOWNSHIP, WHICH LAY IN THE MIDST OF THE LAKE, AND WAS CALLED MIZQUIC, THOUGH WE CALLED IT LITTLE VENICE. THE INHABITANTS OF THIS PLACE HAD NEVER BEEN UPON INTIMATE TERMS OF FRIENDSHIP WITH THE MEXICANS, AND NOW UTTERLY DETESTED THEM. AN ALLIANCE WITH THESE PEOPLE, FROM THEIR SITUATION IN THE MIDST OF THE LAKE, WAS OF THE UTMOST IMPORTANCE TO US, AND WE ALSO FLATTERED OURSELVES WE SHOULD, THROUGH THEM, GAIN THE FRIENDSHIP OF THE OTHER TOWNSHIPS WHICH LAY ON THE LAKE. THESE AMBASSADORS ACCORDINGLY WERE MOST COURTEOUSLY RECEIVED BY OUR GENERAL, AND HE DISMISSED THEM WITH THE MOST flattering assurances of our friendship and protection. [Pg 8] [Pg 9] DURING THIS INTERVIEW CORTES RECEIVED INFORMATION THAT A LARGE BODY OF MEXICAN TROOPS WERE MARCHING AGAINST THE FOUR TOWNSHIPS WHICH HAD BEEN THE FIRST TO SOLICIT OUR FRIENDSHIP. THE INHABITANTS THERE DURST NOT VENTURE OF THEMSELVES TO BID any defiance to the enemy, but intended to fly to the mountains, or seek refuge with us in Tezcuco. They begged so hard FOR ASSISTANCE, THAT CORTES AT LENGTH COMPLIED WITH THEIR REQUEST, AND MARCHED THITHER WITH TWENTY HORSE, TWO HUNDRED FOOT, THIRTEEN CROSSBOW-MEN, AND TEN MUSKETEERS, ACCOMPANIED BY ALVARADO AND OLI. THESE TOWNS LAY ABOUT NINE MILES FROM TEZCUCO, AND WERE THREATENED WITH TOTAL DESTRUCTION BY THE MEXICANS FOR HAVING CONCLUDED PEACE WITH US. IN PARTICULAR THEY WERE AFRAID OF LOSING THE CROPS OF MAISE IN FRONT OF THE LAKE, WHICH WERE NOW READY FOR HARVESTING, AND FROM WHICH THE INHABITANTS OF TEZCUCO AND THE FOUR TOWNSHIPS HAD THOUGHT TO SUPPLY US. THE MEXICANS DECLARED THEY WERE COMING TO CUT THIS MAISE, AS IT WAS THEIR PROPERTY, AND THOSE TOWNSHIPS HAD ALWAYS TILL THEN CULTIVATED THOSE LANDS for the papas of Mexico; and indeed many lives had already been lost in disputes respecting these fields. CORTES, BEING NOW WELL ACQUAINTED WITH THE TRUE STATE OF THE CASE, SENT WORD TO THE INHABITANTS OF THOSE PLACES THAT THEY had nothing to fear, but to remain quietly at home, and send him word when they were desirous of harvesting their maise CROPS. HE WOULD THEN DESPATCH AN OFFICER, WITH SEVERAL HORSE, TO PROTECT THE REAPERS. WITH THIS THEY WERE PERFECTLY satisfied, and we returned to Tezcuco. WHEN WE FOUND THAT OUR STOCK OF MAISE WAS NEARLY ALL GONE, WE SENT NOTICE OF IT TO THOSE TOWNSHIPS, AND THEY IMMEDIATELY COMMENCED REAPING THEIR CROPS; AND WE MARCHED THITHER TO PROTECT THEM, WITH TEN HORSE, ONE HUNDRED FOOT, AND A FEW MUSKETEERS AND CROSSBOW-MEN, BESIDES THE TLASCALLAN TROOPS, AND WE TOOK UP OUR POSITION ON THE MAISE plantations. I MYSELF WAS TWICE PRESENT ON THESE EXPEDITIONS. ON ONE OCCASION WE HAD A VERY SHARP SKIRMISH WITH THE MEXICANS, A LARGE BODY OF WHOM HAD ARRIVED IN UPWARDS OF 1000 CANOES, AND SECRETING THEMSELVES AMONG THE MAISE PLANTATIONS, HAD COMMENCED CARRYING OFF OUR ALLIES. WE INSTANTLY FELL UPON THEM, AND THOUGH THEY FOUGHT COURAGEOUSLY, YET WE COMPELLED THEM TO TAKE TO THEIR CANOES AGAIN. IN THIS SKIRMISH WE HAD ONE MAN KILLED AND TWELVE WOUNDED, OF THE Tlascallans from fifteen to twenty were killed, and five were carried off alive. THE DAY FOLLOWING THIS SKIRMISH WE LEARNT THAT THE TOWNSHIPS CHALCO AND TLALMANALCO, WITH THEIR DEPENDENT VILLAGES, WERE DESIROUS OF MAKING PEACE WITH US, BUT WERE PREVENTED FROM DOING SO BY THE MEXICAN GARRISONS STATIONED THERE. THEY COMPLAINED BITTERLY OF THE TREATMENT WHICH THEY SUFFERED FROM THEM; THEIR WIVES WERE DRAGGED AWAY, AND IF handsome were often violated in the presence of their parents and husbands. ABOUT THIS TIME OUR CARPENTERS IN TLASCALLA HAD PROCEEDED SO FAR WITH THE BUILDING OF THE BRIGANTINES, THAT THE TIMBER WAS READY TO BE PUT TOGETHER; WE WERE THEREFORE VERY AWKWARDLY SITUATED, FROM BEING SO CLOSELY BOUND TO TEZCUCO, WHERE WE HAD NO TIME TO MAKE ANY ARRANGEMENTS FOR TRANSPORTING THE BRIGANTINES HITHER; FOR NOW THE INHABITANTS OF THIS TOWNSHIP, THEN THOSE OF MIZQUIC, OR LITTLE VENICE, THEN AGAIN OTHERS WHICH STOOD IN ALLIANCE WITH US, CAME TO BEG ASSISTANCE AGAINST THE MEXICANS; BESIDES THIS, MANY OF OUR TLASCALLAN FRIENDS LONGED TO RETURN HOME WITH THEIR BOOTY, CONSISTING IN GOLD, SALT, AND OTHER MATTERS, BUT DURST NOT VENTURE, ON ACCOUNT OF THE INSECURITY OF THE ROAD, AS THE MEXICAN troops were spread in all directions. UNDER THESE CIRCUMSTANCES, CORTES DEEMED THAT THE INHABITANTS OF TLALMANALCO AND CHALCO, BEFORE ALL OTHERS, REQUIRED OUR MORE IMMEDIATE ASSISTANCE, THAT THEY MIGHT BE ENABLED TO FORM AN ALLIANCE WITH US. THE OTHER TOWNSHIPS MIGHT DEFEND THEMSELVES AS WELL AS THEY COULD FOR THE PRESENT, AS IT WOULD NOT DO TO LEAVE TEZCUCO WITHOUT ANY TROOPS; INDEED THE UTMOST VIGILANCE WAS NECESSARY IN THAT TOWN. LUGO AND SANDOVAL THEREFORE RECEIVED INSTRUCTIONS TO MARCH OUT, WITH FIFTEEN HORSE, TWO HUNDRED FOOT, A FEW CROSSBOW-MEN AND MUSKETEERS, BESIDES OUR FRIENDS OF TLASCALLA. THEY WERE TO DISLODGE THE MEXICAN TROOPS FROM CHALCO AND TLALMANALCO, AND CLEAR THE ROAD LEADING TO TLASCALLA AND VERA CRUZ, along which the enemy had stationed small detachments. INFORMATION OF ALL THIS WAS PREVIOUSLY CONVEYED TO THE INHABITANTS OF CHALCO BY SOME TRUSTWORTHY MEN OF TEZCUCO, THAT THEY MIGHT FALL UPON THE MEXICANS AT THE SAME MOMENT WITH OUR TROOPS. NOTHING COULD HAVE BEEN MORE AGREEABLE TO THE WISHES OF THE INHABITANTS OF CHALCO, AND THEY ACCORDINGLY HELD THEMSELVES IN READINESS TO RISE UP AGAINST THE ENEMY AT the proper time. SANDOVAL COMPOSED HIS REARGUARD OF FIVE HORSE, AN EQUAL NUMBER OF CROSSBOW-MEN, AND THE GREATER PART OF THE TLASCALLANS, WHO HAD ALL THEIR BOOTY WITH THEM. AS THE MEXICANS HAD EVERYWHERE SENT OUT SCOUTS AND SPIES TO WATCH OUR MOVEMENTS, OUR PRESENT MARCH TO CHALCO WAS NO SECRET TO THEM. THEY HAD THEREFORE COLLECTED A STRONG BODY OF THEIR TROOPS, AND FELL UPON OUR REARGUARD, WHICH WAS CHIEFLY COMPOSED OF TLASCALLANS. IT MAY EASILY BE SUPPOSED THAT OUR FIVE HORSE AND FEW CROSSBOW-MEN COULD NOT STAND LONG AGAINST THESE OVERPOWERING NUMBERS; TWO WERE VERY SOON KILLED, AND THE REST WOUNDED. SANDOVAL HAD INDEED HASTENED TO THEIR ASSISTANCE WITH THE FIRST ALARM, HAD SUCCEEDED IN DRIVING BACK THE MEXICANS, AND KILLING SEVEN OF THEIR MEN; YET THEY MANAGED TO GAIN THEIR CANOES, AND RETREAT TO A PLACE OF SAFETY, WHICH WAS THE MORE EASY FOR THEM TO DO, AS THE WHOLE OF THE POPULATION OF THIS DISTRICT WAS SUBJECT TO THE Mexicans. SANDOVAL WAS UNCOMMONLY VEXED WHEN HE FOUND THE FIVE HORSES AND THEIR RIDERS COVERED WITH WOUNDS, TWO CROSSBOW- MEN KILLED, AND THE REST ALL WOUNDED. HE SEVERELY REPROACHED THEM FOR NOT HAVING DEFENDED THEMSELVES BETTER, AND FOR THE LITTLE PROTECTION THEY HAD PROVED TO OUR TLASCALLAN FRIENDS. HE COULD EASILY SEE, HE ADDED, THAT THEY HAD BUT RECENTLY arrived from Spain, and knew very little about fighting. HIS FIRST CARE NOW WAS TO PROVIDE FOR THE SAFETY OF THE TLASCALLANS AND THEIR BAGGAGE, AND TO DESPATCH THE LETTERS CORTES [Pg 10] [Pg 11] HAD GIVEN HIM TO VERA CRUZ. IN THESE LETTERS OUR GENERAL HAD GIVEN THE COMMANDANT OF THAT TOWN AN ACCOUNT OF ALL OUR CONQUESTS, AND OF HIS DETERMINATION TO BESIEGE MEXICO, AND BLOCKADE IT ON ALL SIDES; THE LETTER CLOSED BY DESIRING HIM TO OBSERVE THE UTMOST VIGILANCE, AND WITH ORDERS TO SEND ALL THOSE OF HIS MEN WHO WERE SUFFICIENTLY STRONG FOR SERVICE TO Tlascalla, where they were to remain until the road should be cleared of the enemy. AFTER SANDOVAL HAD DESPATCHED HIS MESSENGERS WITH THESE LETTERS, AND CONDUCTED OUR TLASCALLAN FRIENDS TO WHERE THEY WERE OUT OF THE ENEMY'S REACH, HE MARCHED BACK TO CHALCO, WHICH WAS NOT VERY FAR DISTANT. ON THIS MARCH HE WAS PARTICULARLY ON HIS GUARD, SINCE HE WAS WELL AWARE THAT MEXICAN TROOPS WERE LURKING ABOUT IN ALL DIRECTIONS, AND LAY CONCEALED IN EVERY HOUSE. HE HAD INDEED NOT ADVANCED FAR ALONG A LEVEL TRACT OF COUNTRY, COVERED WITH MAGUEY AND MAISE PLANTATIONS, BEFORE HE WAS VIGOROUSLY ATTACKED. THE ENEMY, ON THIS OCCASION, CARRIED, BESIDES THEIR USUAL WEAPONS, LONG PIKES, WHICH WERE ESPECIALLY INTENDED AGAINST THE CHARGE OF OUR HORSE UPON THEIR LINE. SANDOVAL, HOWEVER, TWICE BROKE THROUGH THEIR DENSE RANKS, AND, WITH THE SPANISH TROOPS AND SMALL BODY OF ALLIES WE HAD STILL LEFT, HE DROVE THE ENEMY COMPLETELY OUT OF THE FIELD. FIVE SPANIARDS, SIX HORSES, AND MANY OF OUR ALLIES, WERE WOUNDED. THIS TIME THE ENEMY RECEIVED A SEVERE RETRIBUTION FOR THE FRESH ATTACK THEY MADE UPON OUR TROOPS; AND, AMONG THE EIGHT prisoners which were made, three were Mexicans of distinction. WHEN THE INHABITANTS OF CHALCO, WHICH LAY AT A SMALL DISTANCE FROM THE FIELD OF BATTLE, FOUND SANDOVAL WAS APPROACHING their town, they came out to welcome him, and expressed their great joy at the victory he had gained. THE NEXT DAY SANDOVAL INFORMED THE INHABITANTS THAT HE WAS OBLIGED TO LEAVE AGAIN FOR TEZCUCO. THEY TOLD HIM THEY WERE DESIROUS OF ACCOMPANYING HIM THERE, TO PAY THEIR RESPECTS TO MALINCHE, AND TO PRESENT TO HIM THE TWO SONS OF THEIR LATE CAZIQUE, WHO HAD DIED A FEW DAYS PREVIOUSLY OF THE SMALLPOX. ON HIS DEATH-BED, THEY SAID, HE EXPRESSED A WISH TO THE CHIEFS OF THE COUNTRY THAT HIS SONS MIGHT BE INTRODUCED TO CORTES TO BE INSTALLED BY HIM AS CAZIQUES OF CHALCO. THE DYING MAN HAD LIKEWISE RECOMMENDED THEM TO SUBJECT THEMSELVES TO THE GREAT MONARCH OF THE TEULES, AS IT HAD BEEN PROPHESIED BY THEIR FOREFATHERS THAT, AT SOME PERIOD OR OTHER, THERE WOULD ARRIVE FROM THE RISING OF THE SUN A PEOPLE WITH BEARDS, FOR WHOM THE DOMINION OF THESE COUNTRIES WAS PREDESTINED, AND THERE WAS NOT THE LEAST DOUBT THAT THAT prophecy was fulfilled in our persons. SANDOVAL RETURNED TO TEZCUCO, TAKING ALONG WITH HIM THE TWO PRINCES, SEVERAL DISTINGUISHED PERSONAGES OF CHALCO AND THE EIGHT MEXICAN PRISONERS. CORTES WAS HIGHLY DELIGHTED ON SEEING HIM AGAIN, AND AFTER SANDOVAL HAD RELATED ALL THAT HAD TAKEN PLACE, HE RETIRED TO HIS OWN QUARTERS TO RECEIVE THE CAZIQUES OF CHALCO. HE PAID THEM EVERY RESPECT, AND, ACCORDING TO THEIR REQUEST, ACKNOWLEDGED THEM AS VASSALS OF OUR EMPEROR, AND THEN INSTALLED THE TWO SONS OF THE LATE CAZIQUE INTO THEIR GOVERNMENT. AFTER THE CAZIQUES HAD FULFILLED THEIR COMMISSION, THEY HANDED OVER THEIR PRESENTS, WHICH may have been worth about 200 pesos. WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF DOÑA MARINA AND AGUILAR, CORTES HAD PERFECTLY COMPREHENDED WHAT THESE CAZIQUES HAD SAID. HE showed them every possible kindness, and gave the government of Chalco to the elder prince, with several towns which WERE SUBJECT TO IT, AND TO THE YOUNGER THE TOWNSHIP OF TLALMANALCO, CHIMALHUACAN, AYOTZINCO, AND OF OTHER SMALL TOWNS, so that the elder came in for a little more than half of his father's dominions. AFTER CORTES HAD INSTILLED MANY USEFUL THINGS INTO THE HEARTS OF THESE MEN AND THE YOUNG CAZIQUES, HE DISMISSED THEM; AND THEY OFFERED, IN RETURN, TO RENDER US EVERY SERVICE THAT LAY IN THEIR POWER, ASSURING HIM, AT THE SAME TIME, THAT THEY HAD BEEN PEACEABLY INCLINED FROM THE BEGINNING, AND THAT THEY HAD BEEN PREVENTED SOONER TAKING THE OATH OF ALLEGIANCE TO OUR EMPEROR FROM FEAR OF THE MEXICAN GARRISON. THEY LIKEWISE INFORMED CORTES THAT, PREVIOUS TO OUR RETREAT FROM MEXICO, THEY HAD CONCEALED FROM THE MEXICANS TWO SPANIARDS WHO HAD BEEN SENT BY HIM TO DEMAND OF THEM TRIBUTE IN MAISE, AND HAD CONVEYED THEM SAFELY DURING NIGHT-TIME TO OUR FRIENDS OF HUEXOTZINCO, THEREBY SAVING THEIR LIVES. THIS WE KNEW TO BE PERFECTLY TRUE, FOR WE HAD BEEN DULY INFORMED OF IT BY ONE OF THOSE TWO SPANIARDS WHO HAD ESCAPED TO Tlascalla. CORTES RETURNED THESE EXCELLENT MEN MANY HEARTY THANKS FOR THEIR KIND FEELING, AND INVITED THEM TO STAY A COUPLE OF DAYS LONGER WITH US, LEST THEY SHOULD FALL INTO THE HANDS OF THE MEXICANS, AS HE INTENDED TO DESPATCH ONE OF HIS OFFICERS TO TLASCALLA TO FETCH THE WOODWORK OF WHICH OUR BRIGANTINES WERE TO BE MADE, THEY SHOULD THEN BE SAFELY CONDUCTED TO their homes. AFTER THIS INTERVIEW WITH THE CAZIQUES, CORTES DETERMINED TO SEND THE EIGHT MEXICANS WHOM SANDOVAL HAD TAKEN PRISONERS, TO MEXICO, AND COMMISSIONED THEM TO MAKE THE FOLLOWING DISCLOSURES, IN HIS NAME, TO THE NEW MONARCH QUAUHTEMOCTZIN: "HE, CORTES, WAS VERY ANXIOUS TO PRESERVE THE MONARCH OF MEXICO AND HIS GREAT CITY FROM DESTRUCTION, AND HOPED, THEREFORE, HE WOULD SEND MESSENGERS OF PEACE TO US, IN WHICH CASE EVERY INJURY WE HAD RECEIVED AT THE HANDS OF THE MEXICANS WOULD BE FORGIVEN THEM AND ALTOGETHER FORGOTTEN, NOR SHOULD WE DEMAND RESTITUTION OF THE THINGS THEY HAD TAKEN FROM US. IT WAS AN EASY MATTER TO MAKE WAR, BUT IT ALWAYS TERMINATED IN THE DESTRUCTION OF THOSE WHO FIRST BEGAN IT. WE WERE BY NO MEANS IGNORANT OF THE VAST PREPARATIONS WHICH WERE GOING ON FOR THE DEFENCE OF MEXICO; IT WOULD ALL, HOWEVER, PROVE USELESS, AND THE ONLY CONSEQUENCES WOULD BE THE DESTRUCTION OF HIS METROPOLIS, AND OF ALL ITS INHABITANTS. HE SHOULD BEAR IN MIND THE AMAZING POWER OF OUR LORD GOD, WHO LENT US HIS AID ON ALL OCCASIONS, AND REMEMBER ALSO THAT ALL THE SURROUNDING TOWNSHIPS HAD DECLARED IN OUR FAVOUR. FOR THE REST, THERE WAS NOTHING THE TLASCALLANS SO GREATLY DESIRED AS A WAR WITH THE MEXICANS, TO REVENGE THE DEATH OF THEIR FELLOW-COUNTRYMEN. WE HOPED, THEREFORE, HE WOULD SEND MESSENGERS TO SUE FOR PEACE, WHICH WE WOULD CONCLUDE WITH HIM ON THE MOST HONORABLE terms." WITH THIS MESSAGE, TO WHICH DOÑA MARINA AND AGUILAR JOINED SOME GOOD COUNSEL, THE EIGHT PRISONERS REPAIRED TO [Pg 12] [Pg 13] [Pg 14] MEXICO. QUAUHTEMOCTZIN, HOWEVER, WOULD NOT EVEN DEIGN AN ANSWER TO OUR PROPOSALS OF PEACE, BUT CONTINUED HIS WARLIKE PREPARATIONS FOR THE DEFENCE OF HIS METROPOLIS, AND SENT ORDERS TO ALL HIS TROOPS IN THE PROVINCES TO HOLD THEMSELVES IN READINESS TO MARCH OUT AT A MOMENT'S NOTICE, AND THAT EVERY SPANIARD WHO WAS CAPTURED SHOULD BE BROUGHT ALIVE TO MEXICO, THERE TO BE SACRIFICED TO HIS GODS. IN ORDER TO GAIN THE GOOD WISHES OF HIS PEOPLE, HE EXEMPTED many from paying tribute, and made a vast many promises. ABOUT THIS TIME, THE QUAUHTITLANS AGAIN ARRIVED IN OUR QUARTERS, WHOM, AS WE SAW ABOVE, THE MEXICANS HAD ILL-USED FOR HAVING FORMED AN ALLIANCE WITH US. THE DISPUTE, THEY SAID, RESPECTING THE MAISE PLANTATIONS, WHICH HAD BEEN FORMERLY CULTIVATED FOR THE USE OF THE PRIESTS OF MEXICO, WAS RENEWED BY THE MEXICANS, WHO EACH WEEK RETURNED TO FALL UPON TH...

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