THE LVOV-WARSAW SCHOOL AND CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHY SYNTHESE LIBRARY STUDIES IN EPISTEMOLOGY, LOGIC, METHODOLOGY, AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Managing Editor: JAAKKO HINTIKKA, Boston University Editors: DIRK VAN DALEN, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands DONALD DAVIDSON, University of California, Berkeley THEO A.F. KUIPERS, University ofGroningen, The Netherlands PATRICK SUPPES, Stanford University, California JAN WOLEN-SKI, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland VOLUME 273 THE LVOV-WARSAW SCHOOLAND CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHY Edited by KATARZYNA KIJANIA-PLACEK Jagiellonian University, Krak6w, PoZand and JAN WOLENSKI Jagiellonian University, Krak6w, PoZand SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V. A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN 978-94-010-6146-9 ISBN 978-94-011-5108-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-5108-5 Printed on acid-free pap er AlI Rights Reserved ©1998 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1998 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE xi INTRODUCTION JAN WOLENSKI / The Reception of the Lvov-Warsaw School 3 PART 1. HISTORY AND COMPARISONS JOHANNES BRANDL / Twardowski's Distinction Between Actions and Products 23 TADEUSZ CZARNECKI/On Ajdukiewicz's Empirical Meaning-Rule and Wittgenstein's Defining Criterion 35 RYSZARD JADCZAK / Inspirations and Controversies: From the Letters between K. Twardowski and A. Meinong 43 WLADYSLAW KRAJEWSKI/The Lvov-Warsaw School- the First School of Non-positivist Scientific and Analytic Philosophy 53 ELZBIETA PAKSZYS / Women's Contributions to the Achievements ofthe Lvov-Warsaw School: a Survey 55 ARTUR ROJSZCZAK / Truth-Bearers from Twardowski to Tarski 73 MAREK ROSIAK / Twardowski and Husserl on Wholes and Parts 85 EVGENI G. VINOGRADOV / The Rationalistic Paradigm of Franz Brentano and Kazimierz Twardowski 101 URSZULA ZEGLEN / Lukasiewicz's Interpretation of Aristotle's Concept of Possibility 105 PART II. LESNIEWSKI ARIANNA BETTI / De Veritate: Another Chapter. The Bolzano-Lesniewski Connection 115 ROBERTO POLl, MASSIMO LIBARDI / Lesniewski's Conception of Logic 139 VLADIMIR L. VASIUKOV / Non-elementary Exegesis of Twardowski's Theory of Presentation 153 v VI TOSHIHARU WARAGAI / On Some Essential Subsystems of LeSniewski's Ontology and the Equivalence between the Singular Barbara and the Law of Leibniz in Ontology 169 PART ill. PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE ANDRZEJ GRZEGORCZYK / The Paradox of Grelling and Nelson Presented as a Veridical Observation Concerning Naming 183 MICHELE MARSO NET / D~bska, Quine and the So-called Empty Names 191 KRYSTYNA MISIUNA / Truth and Time 199 MARIAN PRZELeCKI / The Postulate of Precision: Its Sense and Its Limits 209 RYSZARD ZUBER / Polish Logic, Language and Philosophy of Language 219 PART IV. LOGIC AND THE FOUNDATIONS OF MATHEMATICS W OJCIECH BUSZKOWSKI / The Ajdukiewicz Calculus, Polish Notation and Hilbert-style Proofs 241 ANDRZEJ INDRZEJCZAK /laskowski and Gentzen Approaches to Natural Deduction and Related Systems 253 ROMAN MURAwsKI/The Contribution of Polish Logicians to Recursion Theory 265 EWA ORLOWSKA / Studying Incompleteness of Information: A Class of Information Logics 283 PART V. ONTOLOGY, EPISTEMOLOGY, PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE TIMOTHY CHILDERS, ONDREJ MAJER / On Lukasiewicz's Theory of Probability 303 JAN CZERNIAWSKI / On What There Is Not -a Vindication of Reism 313 ANNA KANIK / On the Concept of a Subject of Cognition in Ajdukiewicz's Philosophy 319 ILKKA NIINILUOTO / Induction and Probability in the Lvov-Warsaw School 323 vii TOMASZ PLACEK / Lukasiewicz's Logical Probability and a Puzzle about Conditionalization 337 PART VI. LOGIC AND PHILOSOPHY KATARZYNA KIJANIA-PLACEK / Truth as Consensus. A Logical Analysis 343 AVENIR I. UYEMOV / The Lvov-Warsaw School and the Problem of a Logical Formalism for General Systems Theory 355 STANISLAW J. SURMA / From Closure-operatic Deductive Methodology to Non-standard Alternatives 365 PAUL WEINGARTNER / Forgotten and Neglected Solutions of Problems in Philosophical Logic 379 INDEX OF NAMES 395 ix PREFACE This volume consists of papers delivered at the conference 'The Lvov-Warsaw School and Contemporary Philosophy', organised in celebration of the hun dredth anniversary ofKazimierz Twardowski's first lecture as Professor of Phi losophy at Lvov University. This lecture can be regarded as the starting point of the development of analytic philosophy in Poland, which culminated in the Warsaw School of Logic. The conference was held in Lvov (15-17 November) and Warsaw (19-21 November 1995). It was organised jointly by the Ukrainian Academy of Sci ences and the Polish Academy of Sciences. The general organisation was un dertaken by Professor Andrzej Grzegorczyk (polish Academy of Sciences) and Professor Marat Vernikov (Ukrainian Academy of Sciences). Professors Jaroslaw Isaievich (Ukrainian Academy of Sciences) and Jan Wolenski (Jagiel Ionian University) were responsible for the scientific programme. Over 100 philosophers participated in the conference. Papers published in this volume are organised according to the sections of the conference and rep resent a selection of the papers delivered. The editors would like to express their gratitude to Professor Andrzej Grze gorczyk, spiritus movens of the conference, who, by including the present vol ume in a programme of publications connected with the hundredth anniversary of the Lvov-Warsaw School, provided financial support for its preparation. Fi nally, we express our gratitude to Dr Timothy Childers of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic for correcting the English of the papers. Jan Wolenski, Katarzyna Kijania-Placek xi INTRODUCTION