THE LTE-ADVANCED DEPLOYMENT HANDBOOK THE LTE-ADVANCED DEPLOYMENT HANDBOOK THE PLANNING GUIDELINES FOR THE FOURTH GENERATION NETWORKS Edited by Jyrki T. J. Penttinen Giesecke & Devrient, USA This edition first published 2016  2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Registered office John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, United Kingdom For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com. The right of the author to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. 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No warranty may be created or extended by any promotional statements for this work. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for any damages arising herefrom. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The LTE-advanced deployment handbook : the planning guidelines for the fourth generation networks / edited by Jyrki T. J. Penttinen. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-118-48480-7 (cloth) 1. Long-Term Evolution (Telecommunications) 2. Cell phone systems–Design and construction. I. Penttinen, Jyrki T. J., editor. TK5103.48325.L7344 2016 621.3845'6–dc23 2015027994 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN: 9781118484807 Set in 10/12pt, TimesLTStd-Roman by Thomson Digital, Noida, India. 1 2016 Contents List of Contributors vii Preface ix Acknowledgments xi Abbreviations xiii 1 Introduction 1 Jyrki T. J. Penttinen 2 LTE-Advanced Principles 15 Jyrki T. J. Penttinen 3 LTE-Advanced Architecture 59 Jyrki T. J. Penttinen 4 Advanced Core Network 85 Jyrki T. J. Penttinen, Tero Jalkanen, Ilkka Keisala, Juha Kallio, and Olli Ramula 5 LTE-A Radio Network 113 Jyrki T. J. Penttinen, Sebastian Lasek, Katarzyna Rybiańska, Krzysztof Wiśniowski, Jacek Góra, Krystian Safjan, Jarosław Lachowski, Agnieszka Szufarska, Stanisław Strzyz, Szymon Stefanski, Damian Kolmas, Francesco D. Calabrese, Guillaume Monghal, Mohammad Anas, and Luis Maestro 6 Terminals and Applications 179 Jyrki T. J. Penttinen, Tero Jalkanen, Juha Kallio, and Pertti Penttinen 7 LTE-A Functionality 205 Jyrki T. J. Penttinen and Juha Kallio vi Contents 8 Planning of the LTE-Advanced Core Network 237 Jyrki T. J. Penttinen and Olli Ramula 9 Planning of the LTE-Advanced Radio Network 257 Jyrki T. J. Penttinen 10 Optimization of LTE-A 293 Jyrki T. J. Penttinen, Elpiniki Tsakalaki, and Parth Amin 11 Measurements 339 Jyrki T. J. Penttinen and Jonathan Borril 12 Recommendations 373 Sebastian Lasek, Dariusz Tomeczko, Krystian Krysmalski, Maciej Pakulski, Grzegorz Lehmann, Krystian Majchrowicz, Marcin Grygiel, Piotr Grzybowski, Mateusz Rączkowiak, Krzysztof Wiśniowski, Katarzyna Rybiańska, and Jyrki T. J. Penttinen Index 473 List of Contributors Parth Amin, Ericsson, Finland Mohmmad Anas, Flextronix, Canada Jonathan Borrill, Anritsu, Sweden Francesco D. Calabrese, Huawei, Sweden Jacek Góra, Nokia, Poland Marcin Grygiel, Nokia, Poland Piotr Grzybowski, Nokia, Poland Tero Jalkanen, TeliaSonera, Finland Juha Kallio, Nokia, Finland Ilkka Keisala, TeliaSonera, Finland Damian Kolmas, Huawei, Sweden Krystian Krysmalski, Nokia, Poland Jarosław Lachowski, Wilabs, Poland Sebastian Lasek, Nokia, Poland Grzegorz Lehmann, Nokia, Poland Luis Maestro, Nokia, USA Krystian Majchrowicz, Nokia, Poland Guillaume Monghal, Huawei, Sweden Maciej Pakulski, Nokia, Poland Jyrki T. J. Penttinen, Giesecke & Devrient, USA Pertti Penttinen, Ifolor, Finland Mateusz Rączkowiak, Nokia, Poland Olli Ramula, Nokia, Finland viii List of Contributors Katarzyna Rybiańska, Nokia, Poland Krystian Safjan, Nokia, Poland Szymon Stefanski, Samsung Electronics, Poland Stanisław Strzyz, Datax, Poland Agnieszka Szufarska, Nokia, Poland Dariusz Tomeczko, Nokia, Poland Elpiniki Tsakalaki, Aalborg University, Denmark Krzysztof Wiśniowski, Nokia, Poland Preface Mobile communications technologies are developing in giant leaps especially in the current LTE era. The initial phase of the enhanced 3G system driven by 3GPP resulted in LTE/SAE, as defined in Release 8. It has already opened doors for a much more fluent user experience, thanks to the considerably higher data rates and lower response times compared to any other previous cellular system. The first LTE deployments took place in 2010–11, and the pace has been breathtaking ever since. According to 4G Americas (www.4gamericas.org), there were 755 Million LTE subscribers by June 2015, which proves there is high demand for mobile data. Further development has resulted in the 3GPP Release 10 standards which represent the first set for the LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) system. The ITU (International Telecommunications Union) has defined demanding criteria for the use of the term 4G, including requirements for the capability of the mobile network to transfer a minimum of 1 Gb/s data rate in the downlink. 3GPP LTE in Release 10 starts to include enough components that jointly contribute to the total performance so efficiently that it can already be called an ITU-compliant 4G system. In practice, the term 4G has been used already for some time to distinguish even between basic LTE and the previous 3G variants. This market interpretation is of course justified as the LTE as such opens the door to the next generation via the gradual upgrading of the network and user device functionalities. Nevertheless, in this book, the term 4G refers to the 3GPP LTE Release 10 and beyond, while earlier LTE variants in Release 8 and 9 are referred to in this book as “evolved 3G, or pre-4G” systems. At the time of writing, there have already been 32 LTE-Advanced networks in 23 countries by the end of 2014, according to 4G Americas. The deployments are still expanding so it can be expected that Release 10 and beyond networks will be widely available for we mobile users to enjoy fluent connectivity and to consume high-quality multimedia contents globally easier than ever. Observing all the accelerating developments of mobile communications technologies, it is in fact almost impossible to keep track of the advances even in real-time web discussion forums. Nevertheless, I believe it is totally justified to summarize technical areas in a single package, as The LTE-Advanced Deployment Handbook aims to do, to aid studies in capturing the complete picture and the key set of relevant details. Even with the further advances beyond this book contents, the basics described here will be an important building block for the investigations of the next releases. As an additional aim to ensure the contents of this book are up to date, there also are updates provided in www.tlt.fi which collects further key data and useful information about the development of LTE and LTE-Advanced systems. x Preface This book is the result of innumerable hours of work by the team, and there are many highly relevant real-world experiences behind each chapter. I hope our creation of this information package on LTE-Advanced principles, functionality and planning has been worth the effort and you will find it useful in your studies and work. As was the case with the previous LTE/SAE Deployment Handbook, published by Wiley in 2011, I would be glad to receive your valuable feedback about this book directly via my e-mail address [email protected]. Jyrki Penttinen Morristown, NJ, USA