The Lord’s Prayer in the Early Church AlsobyDr.RoyHammerling PreviousPublications: RoyHammerling(editor) AHISTORYOFPRAYER:TheFirsttotheFifteenthCentury,2008. The Lord’s Prayer in the Early Church The Pearl of Great Price Roy Hammerling palgrave macmillan thelord’sprayerintheearlychurch Copyright©RoyHammerling,2010. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2010 978-0-230-10589-8 Allrightsreserved. Firstpublishedin2010byPALGRAVEMACMILLAN®inthe UnitedStates-adivisionofSt.Martin’sPressLLC,175FifthAvenue, NewYork,NY10010. WherethisbookisdistributedintheUK,Europeandtherestofthe World,thisisbyPalgraveMacmillan,adivisionofMacmillan PublishersLimited,registeredinEngland,companynumber785998, ofHoundmills,Basingstoke,HampshireRG216XS. PalgraveMacmillanistheglobalacademicimprintoftheabove companiesandhascompaniesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld. Palgrave®andMacmillan®areregisteredtrademarksintheUnited States,theUnitedKingdom,Europeandothercountries. ISBN978-1-349-29016-1 ISBN978-0-230-11308-4(eBook) DOI10.1057/9780230113084 LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Hammerling,Roy. TheLord’sprayerintheearlychurch:thepearlofgreatprice/by RoyHammerling. p. cm. 1. Lord’sprayer—History. 2. Churchhistory—Primitiveand earlychurch,ca.30–600. I. Title. BV230.H3652010 242(cid:2).72209015—dc22 2010007923 DesignbyIntegraSoftwareServices Firstedition:September2010 SpecialthankstoBrillPublicationsforgrantingpermissiontoreprintthreeprevious articlesthathavebeenrevisedandareincludedaspartsofChapter3inthisbook. Thefirstisentitledinthisvolumeas“TheLord’sPrayerinBaptismalCatechesis,” whichpreviouslyappearedunderthetitle“TheLord’sPrayer:TheCornerstoneof EarlyBaptismalCatechesis”inaslightlydifferentforminRoyHammerling,ed., AHistoryofPrayer:TheFirsttotheFifteenthCentury(Leiden:Brill,2008), pp.167–182.Thesecondisapartofthesectioninthisworkentitled“TheLord’s PrayerinTheologicalEducation,”alsofoundintheaforementionedvolume, pp.183–200,inwhichitisentitled“St.AugustineofHippo:PrayerasSacrament.” Andfinally,thesectioninthisbookcalled“TheLord’sPrayerinPolemics”isalso foundintheaforementionedwork,pp.223–244,inwhichitisinaslightly differentformandcalled“TheLord’sPrayerinEarlyChristianPolemicstothe EighthCentury.” ForPeggy InMemoryofPamelaJolicoeur October21,1944—June9,2010 “Prayer is intimacy with God and contemplation of the invisible. It satisfies ouryearningsandmakesusequaltotheangels.Throughitgoodprospers,evil isdestroyed,andsinnerswillbeconverted.Prayeristheenjoymentofthings presentand the substance of things to come. Prayer turnedthe whale into a homeforJonah(Jonah2:1ff.);itbroughtHezekiahbacktolifefromthevery gatesofdeath(2Kings20:1ff.);ittransformedtheflamesintoamoistwind for the three children (Daniel 3:19ff.)...Past history furnishes thousands of otherexamplesbesidethesewhichmakeitclearthatofallthethingsvalued inthislife,nothingismorepreciousthanprayer.”GregoryofNyssa,Onthe Lord’sPrayer. “Dearlybeloved,youhavereceivedthefaithbyhearing;nowlistento...the Lord’sPrayer...Theangelsstandinaweatwhatyouaregoingtoheartoday. Heavenmarvels,earthtrembles,fleshdoesnotbearit,hearingdoesnotgrasp it,theminddoesnotpenetrateit,allcreationcannotsustainit.Idonotdare toutterit,yetIcannotremainsilent.MayGodenableyoutohearandmeto speak...”PeterChyrsologus,Sermon67. Contents ListofTables ix Acknowledgments xi Abbreviations xiii Introduction 1 1 ThePearlofGreatPrice 3 2 TheWondrousOriginsoftheLord’sPrayer 11 3 TheFloweringoftheLord’sPrayerTradition 45 Conclusion:AJewelofUnsurpassedWorth 123 Notes 133 SelectedBibliography 171 Index 187 List of Tables 2.1 TheLord’sPrayerinMatthewandLuke 12 2.2 TheSatorRotasSquare 22 2.3 TheSatorRotasSquareCross 23 2.4 Tertullian’sVersionoftheLord’sPrayer 25 3.1 Juvencus’PoeticVersionoftheLord’sPrayer 48 3.2 Augustine’sExegeticalComparisoninhis CommentaryOntheSermonontheMount 96 Acknowledgments Fortunate are they who need to acknowledge so many that they will sadly leave someone out, and this is my case. So numerous are those who have helped me over the years with this manuscript that I am indeedindebtedtoahostofscholars,friends,andfamilymembers— andalas,somewhowillgounnamed.Thankstoyouall. Firstofall,Iamgratefultothepublishers,editors,andtheirstafffor theircarefulworkandhelponthisvolume.Iamespeciallythankfulfor the expert readers at Palgrave Macmillan who gave numerous useful suggestions and for the help of Burke Gerstenschlager, Afrin Kabir, Samantha Hasey, Rachel Tekula, and Kristy Lilas in shepherding this projecttocompletion. I would like to thank all those who have given me clear, sound adviceandcarefulcounselandencouragement.Inparticular,Icannot show enough appreciation to John Van Engen, who taught me to be a critical scholar and student of what he calls “low-flying,” in-depth scholarly analysis of texts. Likewise, I offer my sincere gratitude to Lisa Wolverton, Paul Savage, Karlfried Froehlich, Daniel Sheerin, William Dohar, David Fagerberg, Kathleen Biddick, John Cavadini, andnumerouspaperrespondentsatvariousconferencesovertheyears. Those who have been worthy models for my scholarly life are the faculty and administration at Concordia College. My colleagues and friends who have supported me and at times read parts of this work, providing critical and kind emendations, include Jim Aageson, SomayaAbdullah,AhmedAfzaal,PerAnderson,JimEgge,SamGiere, Jim Haney, Stewart Herman, Pam Jolicoeur, Joan Kopperud, Basit Koshul,HildaKoster,MarkKrejci,TammyLanaghan,LesMeyer,Jan Pranger,ErnestSimmons,ElnaSolvang,andMattStith,butespecially Larry Alderink, Shawn Carruth, Rene Clausen, Nick Ellig, Michelle Lelwica,andDavidSprunger.Mydeepestthankstoyouall.