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University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 A Xerox Education Company 13 81*17 * LD3907 ■ * W n I .E3 Thomas, Ida Belle (Wilson) 1890- 1943 The life and work of Sarah Elizabeth. .T4 Richmond, a pioneer Iiaryland educator... Hew York, 1942. 164 typewritten leaves, front.(port.) 29 cm. final document (Ed.D.) - hew York university, School of education, 1943. Bibliography: p .134-150. A97557 SPsil list ! Xerox University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED. Sarah E. Richmond Principal, 1909-1917 y u - $ m u i jM3 Accepted. Date— — —----- THE LIES AND WOBK OF SARAH ELIZABETH RICHMOND JL Pioneer Maryland Edueator Ida Belle Wilson Thomas Submitted in partial fulfillm ent of the requirements for the degree of Dootor of Education in the Sohool of Eduoation of Hew York university 1942 PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. University Microfilms, A Xerox Education Company INTRODUCTION This document, a study of the life and work of a pioneer Maryland educator, is designed to be used especially as reference reading in the field of teaoher-eduoation in Maryland, It is not primarily cm intellectual contribution to the history of eduoation, but an attempt to show that other side of teaohing, the contri­ bution which is made by personality and character. Sarah Elisabeth Richmond (1843-1921) is well known throughout the State of Maryland as one of the early pioneers in the field of teaoher education. Her long life of teaohing servioe was spent almost entirely in one institution, the present State Teachers College in Towison, Maryland; hence the history of that school is also in a large measure a history of Miss Richmond. She herself was no w riter; she published no books, wrote very few artioles, was not even a prolific letter-w riter, Her official reports as vice-principal, prinoipal, and dean of the Maryland State Normal School were merely oonoise accounts of school pro­ gress, but her carefully w ritten minutes of the Alumni Association, the meetings of the Maryland state Teachers Association, and of the oonduot of various teachers institutes give evidence of the range of her activities in the teaciher-eduoation field. In the fifty-five years (1866-1921) in whioh Miss Riohmond was connected with the Maryland state Normal School more than five thousand students went out to f ill teaohing and adminis­ trative positions. Her unique contribution to their work was made largely in the field of personality and foroe of oharaoter. In a A 9 75 57 day when teaohing was poorly paid and teachers were even more poorly trained. Miss Richmond m s a great inspiration. It was her custom to give brief talks in assembly, at olass gatherings, and alumni convocations, thus coming into oontaot with all students in the sohool, and many of the teaohers in service. Many former students have mentioned Miss Richmond's talks as positive faotors in their moral and professional development. She continually emphasised the importance of teaohing and the dignity of the teaoh­ ing profession. She deprecated the idea of oommeroialising the job, regarding it more as a call to service. This sense of "mission? made a great appeal to the more serious-minded young people of a previous generation, thus Miss Richmond is inseparably connected with the growth of the teaohing profession in Maryland. The soope of this document is limited to an investigation of the life and work of Miss Richmond. Her duties as teacher, her ideas oonoeming methods and the curriculum, her thoughts on "good morals" as related to the teaohing profession, her sense of the value of teacher-training; all these are necessarily seen against the background of her own times, her own state, and the history of her own sohool. An attempt has been made not to encroach upon the fields of related researoh studies. m collecting the materials for this study particular attention has been paid to the various historical theses and sur­ veys of Maryland education and to state educational lawB and official reports. A* to other souroes, personal letters and reoords of the sohool have been carefully examined. Members of Miss Richmond's last faculty have been interviewed and letters have been received from her family and friends. The investigator knew Miss Riohmond as teadher and alumni oounselor, over a period of fifteen years. A questionnaire was sent to many former students of the Maryland State Normal Sohool, and their replies have been checked against eaoh other for oonsistenoy. A sinoere attempt has been made to support all generalisations by speoifio comments from those who were well acquainted with the life and work of Miss Riohmond. This study was first begun several years age at a time when there was no printed history of normal sohool eduoation in Maryland. Just recently however, three valuable studies have been completed: "The Historical Development of State Normal Sohoola for White Teachers in Maryland" by Mary Clough Cain, Ph.D.—1941, "Seventy-five years of Teaoher Eduoation," Alumni Association State Teachers College, Towson, Maryland, 1941 and "The 1941 Survey of the Maryland Public Schools and Teaohers Colleges," Herbert Bruner, William C. Bagley and others. These books furnish much organized material on eduoation itse lf, but surprisingly litfcle on the eduoators. This brief researoh is an attempt to dwell upon an educator* It hopes to show the professional values that may be drawn from the observation and study of a devoted teaoher at work. In a day when soientifio measurement of student achievement was unknown, personal relationships between teaoher and pupil took the place of more mechanical and possibly more aoourate evaluation. This study makes an attempt to note those relationships and to indicate their professional values. Many persons have helped in collecting the material used herein, but the study would have been impossible without the motive aid and oonstant encouragement of Miss Lena 0* Van Bibber, head of the Department of History of State Teaohers College at Towson and editor of Seventy-Years of Teacher Eduoation. Miss Tan Bibber was a member of Miss Richmond's last faculty and her « careful reading of this manusoript has contributed greatly to the aoouraoy of the document. The investigator also wishes to thank Miss Mary Hudson Scarborough, Mias Richmond's teaohing oolleague and intimate friend, for her valuable comments} Dr. M. Theresa Wiedefeld,. President of State Teaohers College at Towson, for her great kindness in providing aooess to a ll of the historical files; Miss Kate Ricker for the loan of valuable souroe material, and all of Miss Richmond's former students who so kindly answered letters and questionnaires. Muoh constructive oritioism has been given by the members of the sponsoring committee - Professors Addlph E. Meyer, Herman H. Horne and Alonso Myers, and this assistance is acknowledged with deep gratitude. THE LIFE AND YIORK OF SABAH ELIZABETH RICHMOND