THE LETTERSO F ALEXANDER PUSHKIN TheL etteorfs ALEXANDER PUSHKIN THREE VOLUMES IN ONE TranzsvlPiarttefhea dc,e , IntroadnNudoc ttbeiyso n, J.T homaSsh aw TheU niversoiftW yi sconsPirne ss MADISON,M ILWAUKEE, AND LONDON 1967 Paperbeadicioktnt ,h ree vionlou nmepe,us b lished byt hUen iverosfiW tiys conPsriens s MadisMoinl,w auaknedLe o,n don U.S.:BA o.x1 739M,a disWoins,c on5s3i7n0 1 U.K:2. 6-H2a8l lSatmr eLeotn,d oWn. 1 Copyri©g 1h9t6 b7yt hRee genttsh eo f UnviersoifWt iys consin Alrli ghrtess erved Clothbeoduindti into hnr,ve oel umpeusb,l ished byt hUen iverosfPi etnyn syilaPv raenss andI ndiUanniaev rsPirteys s Copyri©g 1h9t6b3yt hTer ustoefte hse UniverosfPi etnyn sylvania Prinitnte hdUe n itSetda tofeA sm erica Libryao rfC ongrCeastsa ClaorgNd u mbe6r7 -26624 Preface AlexaSnedregre evicihns o Potun sluhynk iivne arcskanlolwyl edged thger eaRtuessstpi oaebntu ,ht i psl aicasel sseoc iunwr oer llidt era­ tuarmeo ntghg er epaoteo tfts h fier hsatol ftf h nei neteenth century. TheE nglish-pruebahldailiscon nhgga eda sayc cteoms usc ohfh is poetarnpydr ofiscet itohnr oturgahn slaanttdio ko nnosw,l oefdg e hilsi tfher oaun guhm boefbr i ogreasHp.oh wiever, purnetpi­l the aratoifto hnie sd ithiiolsne ,t thearvnsee vbeere n puibnl ished Engltirsahn slwaitttihho en ,e xcofee pxtcieoirnnpb tiso graphies. Pushkaismn u cithsh ger eawtreisottfel re titnRe ruissa sanst he greaptoeesIttn.t heeinrt irPeutshyk,i n'asr reli egthcttoelnry­s sidearsce odn tsuttiai ngp rmoasset erpiewcoeu-lesdvo esmnae y higsr eawtoersiktn prBouastse w .i tmho satu thtohrgesr ,e atest servoiftc hleee tittseo pr rso vtihdbeee asptp rofaoruc nhd erstand­ inPgu shaksmi anna nadr tTihsent a.t oufrhe ig se niaunpsda rticu­ larolfhy i csh aracltietreisrstatyerilvycee ,n h iipsnr ofiscet iiosn , sucahst om akhei md iffictuoal ctc eipntt r ansaltaa tniyiotnnhg litkheee v alugartainohtnie mbd y t howsheo k nohwi mi nt he origTihnesa ulic.nc cststn,hee ea ssei,m plaincidin teyv,i ttahbaitl ity sprifornmgt hwer itseer-ml'ipfso ssertdi ctanneddsi sis pclitnhee, abseonfsc tekr iinigm agoers a onfly u shness or tohren amentation, contindueivnegl otpomweanfrtrud t hneark edonfeu stst erance­ thecshea racthearvmieas dhteiip sco se tdrrya,ma anspd,r ose fiction hartdoa pprepcrioaptieenrt lrya nslHaitssit oyinlsp.e o laepsa rt frormo manitmipcr oviosrEa ltiizoannb eextuhbaeroarnt chee , realistuipoc fw hpaiTtlo ilnscgta olysl ueepdr ofulduse tPauislh.k in iasl wtahycesr tasfmtahnbe,u ilodfhe arr monliiotuessrt arruyc tures; evedreyt caoiulnn tosot,n liyni tmse anibnuagtl, is not h aer chitec­ turoeft hlei nset,a nza, paanrdea ngtrwiaroperh kP,.u shkin's letwtielrls ptrhoEevn igdlei shg-r sepaewdaiektrih gn ata etwoa y his paonepdtr rofiys cet ion. Theo nheu ndtrweedyn -tfifatnhni verosfPa ursyh kin'isn death 1873w aso bsertvherdo ugthhoweuo tr ilnd1 692T.h ipsu blica­ tiioosnffe readsap aorftt hciosm memorAanet diiotnii.nEo nng lish ofP ushklient'wtsae osrr si gicnoanlcleoyif av spe adr otft hcee le­ bratoifto hnoe n e hufintfdireaetndhn risvaeorfhy i bsi rth, which 6 THEL ETTEORFAS L XEANDEPRU HSKIN wacse lebirn1a 4t99e.Wd o rokn t heidsi tbieognia nn1 9sToh.e manusocfrti hfipert hs atol fft hlee ttecrosm pwlaiesn1t s9es d,a nd oft he sheacilonfn1 d9 st6h;Ie n trodwuacwstr iiotnint 1es9n8 . Thed elianpy u bliccaatuisboeytnd h ceo mpleixnpi utbilieinsasg h worokft hniast uarnsedc ohpaes miaptdo es stioib nlcel tuwdoe lettwehrisch bheaesvnie n dcies covaenrdpe udb liasnhdte od , utildiuzreia,n gfic nhaelc koifn tgtr haen salgaatitinhoosenrt i ginal texitn1s 9 6t1h,r oefte h per ojefcuotrve odl uomfet shP eu shkin Dicotniapou•b,l ibsyth heAedc adeomfSy c ieonfct ehUse. S.S.R. Thee diotfo raa nuyt hloert'htsae srd sia ffi ctualistnkd eciding what constitutiesas l waat yhlqseeu tetsewtrhi.eo tnTth hoee rr e incliutfdh ee,yr visrvueec,e fioplrta su nbdirloylr sd,e rabs o otko­ selolrre ers tauarnaodtt ehuterrr,i a vniidan ,t hcea soefP ushkin, whetthoie nrc leuvdeaens urvihva-ilsnftege nnocfaer oudgrha ft. Furthertmhoeirrstee h, qe u estwihoent heirn ctlloue dteto efr s neutorrua nlr evecaolnitnoegrnl te,t twehriscih na lelss entials dupliecaacothte h Ienrt .h eidsi tainao tnt,e hmapbste emna de to inclaulodlfPe u shklient'wtshe irhcsah v ien triinntseiarcse slte tters, andfwohirc h Pruesvhetkahimlena n hiicnsh araacnbtdie org raphy, Pushtkhimena n soofc iPeutsyh,tk himena ni nteraensdt eidn ­ volvienpd o litics and otfhh itesi mgaeon,vd e rPnumsehnkti n the mano fl ettTehreIs n.t rodguicvteidsoi ns ac uosfsP iuosnh kin undeearco hft hevsaer iaosupsep catrst,i caussl eaetrnhl ryo huigsh let.t ers Thel etrteeflrwese clttl hd ei effrepnetr ioofPd uss hkliinfi'ets; habse etnh ouhgehltpa fnucdlo nvetnoid einvttih deeam c cordingly inptao rFtostr.h iidse Iaa m,i ndetbott ehedex amopfl e Persosfor GordSo.Hna gihte'dsi toifTo hnGe e goeEr lioLte tt(7ev rso lNse.w, HaveYna:lU en ivePrrsei1stS9sy-4, 1 9nA) B.r iNeofto enP ush­ kinL'iesfh as pbreoevni idnwe hdi,c ho rot nweop a ragarraep hs devottoee da cphe rioofd lheiia fsn ldi tearcatriyv ity. Whitlhefie r csotn sidienrt ahtetr iaonns hlaabste iePonun s hkin's thougahnt ,e hffaoasrl tsb oee mna dteoc onvteoty h ree adoefr Englirshhy hthitmossn ,a laintsdit eyisln,ec sl,ut dhoieffin cgi tahle, litetrhaferma yi,l iaanrd, all gradtahteaimno;adn l ss tooa mong retaPiuns hkcionn'ststw aonrd-pilnacyl,up duinnasgl, l usions, parodainpedls a,oy nf olke xpresAsni ooernffhtsa .bs e emna dteo discwohvaetr eamceha tnwoPto u rsdh akniwdnh ,a mta y be called THEl. .ETTEROSFA LEXNADEPRUS HKN I 7 itssp ecgirfiacva intrdya nignhe i uss aen,td o fi ndE ngleiqsuhi va­ lenItnasn .u mboefcr a speasr,t icularltyo wpieutsnhps e,rc eig­ard alrlhyy mionngea sn,wd o rd-opnlt ahliyet emreaaln ionfig d ioms anfdlo ke xpresishtia obsne sen,nee csstaori nyd iicnta htneeo tes turonfps h rwahsiecc ohu nlodbt ea dequraetnedleyr ed. For noafRm uesss iinadni vibdohutp aerlnsa,ma enssd u rnaam es, popuslyasrto eftm r anslibtaesreadgt eiononenE r,na gll uissahg e antdh sey stoeftm h Lei broafCr oyn grheasbsse ,ec no nsistently applOineldtyw. eo x ceptiboenesan l hlaov(wee1A d)l: e xaanndde r Pethearvb ee egni vtehneu isruE anlg lfiorsmhsi ,n stoefAa lde ksandr anPde tarn;(dz ) n amoesfR ussriualnae rrgesi viennt heuisru al AnglicfroimzWe.od m ens'unsra mehsa vbee erne taiinnt ehde ir Russfiroamn . (geP.u,s hkwiienfi 'sMs m eP.u shkbiunEtan )g lish usahgaebs e efnlo lowiensd p eloluiwtno gm enp'rse naimnesst ead ofu siinnigt ifaotlrhs e m. Puoschckaisuinso'oensf da ilm inutives offi rsnta me(se .Ogl.y,a h ifssoi rsO tlegraa n)od f fm ailfioramrs ofp atrony.mgiL.ce,sSv egr(eeiicnhs toefLa edSv e greevihcahs) beerne taaisans etdy lfiaesttuwiricet ,h explaonnaltwyoh reyn notes necesTshaesr ayms.esy temt roafn slihtaesr uabsteeinedoono nt n ly fro naomfRe uss soiraingb iuantl, fs rooB alGteircm aannfsdor t he Rusiseiidfng enearsaw li,t h the writeKry su kFhoenlv­izin and bekaenrfd ro w ritwehroms a dteh erierp utwartiitoiinnRns ug s sian, sucahsG ogoBlu,l igna,r Saenndk ovTshkoysc.eo nsindoenr­ed Ruisasnhsa vteh eniarm egsi viennL atsipne lIlnit nhgce.a soef Russian nwoinv-eRsu stoshfie a snRisuap,snr enaamretesr ans­ litearnandto end- Russrusniaamanerg sei vientn h oer igsipnealll ings (e.tgh.e, e o wfit fhAeu straimabna ssCaoduoFnrit,c quelimso nt, calDlaerdyF ae droovFniac que)l.Rmu osnstpilaannc aem ehsa ve beecno nsisttarenlnsittleyir nat theseda msey staesnm a meosf indiviTdhuea loesnx.lc ye patdimointasrt ee dA tnhgel ifcroimzse d ofM oscaonwSd t. PetfeolrlsobwRuiurnsggs; i ant hunesa amgee , oft hlea tctiehtray bs e egni vientn h "eaf milfiroamrP,"e tersburg, excewphteP nu shhkiimns seplefil tol ustF .oi rt eimnts h Ber ief Biblioagnrfdaor pd hiyr qeucott aotfRi uoisnas tnh,ie n ternational schoslyasrfltoryet mr anastliiCntyger rihlablisec e uns ed. Unleinsdsi coattheedrwd iastieen,ts h e naoswt eelaslst hlee tters araec rcdoitnotg h Jeul icaanl enwdhiawcrah,us s eidnR ususnitai l 1918I.no rdteocr o nvtehrettmo d ataecsc ortdoti hnGegr egorian 8 THEL ETTEROSF AXLANEDERP UHSKNI calentdhaeirnnu, s e Weisnt Eeurrno opnese, h oualdddt welve daytsoa g ivReunis asdna te. TXETS Thet exotfts h lee thtaevrbese etnr ansfloramtt hebede esdti tions ofP ushkwionr'akssst hehya vbee eens tabblyit shehexe tdr emely competemnett iacnuRdlu osustsie axnt sotlTsoh.gem i anuscripts themshealvnveoeb ste eanv ailTahbbela est.ie cux steh dab se etnh at ofV oluXm oef P ushkCiopnml'teseW orkisnt h"ems alIl49"9e di­ tiont hoAefc adeomfSy c ieonfct ehsUe . SS..R(.c al"lsemda ll" Acadeemdyi tbieolnoe wdi)t,be ydt he Bl.Ta otmea skhyeT.vh se teoxftt h"es maAlcla"d eemdyi thiaobsne ecno llaagtaeidn st that ofV olumXeIsIt IoX VIo ft h"el arAgcea"d eemdyi toifo9 n73I- I9 4,t9 hset antdeaxrtedud ailto ifPo uns hkwionr'kassn o,dc casion­ allpya,r ticausrl eagraplruydn sc tutahtreie oando,if tn hg"e l arge" Acadeemdyi thiaobsne efnlo low(eFdom.ro rdee taniolteaedns d bibliogdraatopanhe i dictailuo snesd and sceotenh Bseru iletfe d, BibliogprpaI.7p- hIyb9,e l.oT)wh e" msalAlc"a deemdiyt iiosn easilyn ouotsn albbyytl hese c holarb ybt uhgtee naelrrseaoal d er, int hat aibobnrpsea,vr itaitcoufpl raorplneyar m easn dt itolfe s workasrs,ep eloluetad,n td h at vmaorsirtae natd ainntdge sx tual apparaartoeum si tItnet dw.or esptehc"etl sa rrgaet"th heartn h e "small" Acahdaebsme yef nole ldoiwt(eiIido)ni:n n cnlgui dnti his editpiooenmw sh iccoh nstiinttueptgaerr oatflts h lee ttaen(rdz)s ; ini ncluadis nmgan lulm boeflr e twtheirtcshh "e s maAlcla"d emy editiporni enltwsshe earmeo nPgu shkWiornk'Fssr. o tmh Seu pple­ mentaanrIdyn dveoxl utmote h "el arAgcea"d eemdyi tpiuobn­, lisihne9 5d I, 9I h avaed dtewdlo e twtheircsh bheaedvnie s covered sintchpeeu blicoaft thtiewo ponr inecdiitpiauolt nisl Tihzisesad m.e volusmtea tthetasht fe ar gmenLteatr5ty76 e o rft hper eseednitt ion inso l oncgoenrs iadl eerteHtdoe wre.v iehtra ,bs e erne tahienreed becsaeou fi tisn tearnebdse tc aIuh saevn eo ste edne tajiulisefitdc a­ tiofnoor m iitnitgt . Heaidn.gT shiesd itiiison nd etbtote hRdeu isasend iteisopnesc,i ­ altlhy"e s maAlcla"d eomnyfe o,ir no frmatgiiovinent n h hee adings tot hpea rtilceutltiaenrrc sl,ut dihnaegd dredsasteieann,gd , the plafcoremsa ntdow hiac hl eitastd edrr eTshseRe udss.ie adni tions THEL ETTEORFAS L ENXDAERP UHSKNI 9 havneo ptu blijssuhitefidc atoifdo antsia nngda t tribiuntt hieo n, questicoansaaebnsldh,e e nicteh anso bte epno isbslteoc heck adequtahteaeiclrcy u rQauciaytc .eo nsaibdpleeor rtoifPo uns hkin's letdtoen roset x iisntt h efiinrav le rsibouontns l,y hi swi rni rt'es­ notebroooukdgr hta sIf.ns uccha stehises,d itfiloolnot whRseu ssian editiinmo anrsk ienagco hft he"mR oudgrhta .fT"h em ajiotoryf Pushklient'atsrei ernR s u ssiabnua,tc onsidpeorratboilftoe hn e m arien F renAclhhl.a vbee etnr ansilnao tredtde,orm akteh em equaalclcye stsoti hbrele ea doefEr n gliTshheF. r enlceht atreer s markiendt h,he e adi"nIgFnsr ,e nclhe"t;nt oestro sm arkweedr e alwlr ititnRe uns sian. ThLee ttPerproesTr h.ce o mplteeotxfete aclhe tittser ra nsilna ted fluli,n clundoiotnn glt yhb eo doyft he lbeutattl etsrhode, a taen d plaocfew ritsianlgu, tcaomtpiloinm,e cnltoaasrneyds, i gnature, whegni vientn h oer iglientaetlve ertn,h oupgahro tft hiinosfr ma­ timona yb ed upliicnta htheee da diInntg hsie.n teorfae csctusr acy, ith abse ecno nsiddeeirsreadtb olt er anslaqtueo tivenetd rh see letitnetros Epnrgolrsiaest,hth hearvn e rwsiet,ah ni ndiciant ion thneo toefts h nea tuorfte hw eo rbke iqnugo tPeode.mq su otiend ors eanlto wnigtt hhi en vdiidlueatlat reiern sc liundt ehedid si tion only whaernge e trhmetayont ehc eo ntoeftn htpesa rticular letters. Otherwtihseeir,ase n o misssiioginnns quabrrea ckaenatdn s o,t e indicwahtaimtna gt erairaoelm si ttPeuds.h klient'tase sor nse, migihmta giinnec,la ug dreem aatn ayd dretsohs iesd editors and publisahnemdar nsoy,f t hem rhaatvdheee tra iinldeidc aotfi ons textcuoarlr ecttohi iowsno sr kTsh.e stee xtcuoarlr ecatrieo ns incliundt ehiedsd itiotnh ehwyah veienm portforau nncdee rstand­ inPgu shkaitnt'istt ouwdapera dr ticuloarhr i aswp oprrkotsao c h poetwihcestn;r ansloaftt hieowmno ulhda vlei tmtelaen iinng Englitshhe,hy a vbee eonm itwtietdah,no misssiioginnns quare bracakneadtf soo tniontdei cwahtahitanb sge elneo futOt m.i ssions ofs ucpho emasntd e xtcuoarlr ecatrteih ooenn sli yn stainntc hiess editoifio nnd ivliedtutnaeolbrt es i pnugb liisnth heedei nrt irety. Int hcea osfefa rgmeonrtr so ugdhrt aisfn w hicthhb ee ginonri ng enodf al etwtaensro wtr itotre nh assuv rinvotethd se,a mien dica­ tioofno missiiusos new di,ta fh oo tnoitfe ,n ecessary. Oneo ft hceh aracqtuearliisttPiiuecss h kisontf'yi slst eh o ec ca­ siosnhiaflt fiornmgR usstioFa rne nocrfh r om FtroeR nucshs ian