9 Bull.SouthernCaliforniaAcad.Sci. 115(3),2016,pp.191-197 ©SouthernCaliforniaAcademyofSciences,2016 The Largemouth Blenny^ Labrisommxant% New to the California Marine Fauna with a List of and Key to the Species ofLabrisomidaCj Clinidae^ and Chaeeopsidae found in CaliforniaWaters Milton S. Love/* Mianne Kalman Passarelli/ Ben Cantrell/ andPhilip A. Hastings^ ^MarineScienceInstitute, UniversityofCalifornia, SantaBarbara, CA, 93106 ^CabrilloMarineAquarium, 3720StephenM. WhiteDrive, SanPedro, CA, 90731 ^NorthAmerican NativeFishesAssociation, Peoria, IL, 61614 ^MarineBiologyResearchDivision, ScrippsInstitution ofOceanography, Universityof California, SanDiego, 9500 GilmanDrive#0208, LaJolla, CA, 92093 Wereporthereonthefirstobservationsandcaptureofbreedingpopulationsofthelargemouth blenny, Labrisomus xanti Gill, 1860 (Family Labrisornidae) in California marine waters. We alsoprovide alistofthosemembers ofthecloselyrelatedfamilies Labrisornidae, Clinidae, and Chaenopsidaethatare foundoffCaliforniawith akeytothese species. The first observation ofthis species in California waters occurred on 15 July 2015, when Callie Mack and Tara Howell observed one individual in about 5 m ofwater in front ofthe Marine Room Restaurant (La Jolla Shores) (32°5rN, 117°16*W) among low lying rocks. Ms. Mack described the fish as having “a blenny-like profile, about 6 or 7 inches long (the lengthofmyhand),brightredandcoveredwithmanysmallbluespots,andapartialbrightblue ring atthebase ofeach eye. Itwasperchedinarockcrevice onits redpelvic fins. Pectoral fins wereredshadingtoyellow. Dorsalfinwasalsobrightredwithbluespotsontheforedorsal [sic] part. It had 3 rows ofsmall for-like (oreyelash-like) cirri, also coveredwith blue spots, on the top ofits head, one setjustbelow each eye, and 2 rows above the eyes on the forehead. Itwas either curious or territorial (probably the latter); kept coming out ofits crevice, sitting in the open forafewmoments, thengoingbackin.” Ms. Mack andMs. Howell returnedto the same general area on 19 July 2015 and observed at least four different individuals, two on each dive and all at a bottom depth of3-4 m. On this occasion she providedus with a number ofimages ofone ofthe individuals that was red and she described it as quite territorial as it chased offa California sheephead and lunged at Ms. Howell’s video camera. From Ms. Mack’s initial description, and her subsequent pho- tographs, we determined that these fish were most likely the largemouth blenny, Labrisomus xantiandthattheredindividualswerebreedingmales(Thomsonetal. 2000), Additional observations were made of this species at the same general site on 11 and 19 August2015 byRogei Uziin who observed atleastfiveunique individuals. Similartoprevious m sightings, he observed the fish at depth of3-4 on low-lying rocks. However on these days, Mr. Uzun observed what was likely mating behavior and nest guarding. On both 11 and 1 August,heobserved,photographed,andvideorecordedabrightredindividual(Fig. 1)courting andapparently fertilizing the eggs oftwo drabberindividuals (Fig. 2). This male then guarded and aerated the apparent eggs. Similar courtship and parental behaviors are known for other speciesofthe genusLabrisomus(Gibranetal. 2004). JannaNicholsmade the firstobservation ofthis species knowntous away fromthe LaJolla areaon 31 October2015 offCasino Point at Santa Catalina Island(33°20.9’N, 118°194*W) in *Correspondingauthor: [email protected] 191 192 SOUTHERNCALIFORNIAACADEMYOFSCIENCES Fig. 1. Male largemouth blenny, Labrisomusxanti, photographed near La Jolla, California, August 2015. PhotographbyRogerUzun. about 7 m ofwateramong rocks. Based on the images Ms. Nichols provided, the Casino Point fish (brownish-gray) mayhave been—a female ora male (mature males lose theirredcoloration during the non-reproductive season Mark Steele, pers. comm, to M. L.). Ms. Nichols notes that she likely saw another, similarly colored, individual later in the day otf Torqua Springs (33°23.0’N, 118°21.6'W) about5 km upnorthwest ofCasino Point. Through December, recreational divers continued to see at least several individuals on the shallowMarine Room reefs. However, we receivednoreports ofL. xantisightings fromunique areas until Dan Richards and party found several fish, again at Catalina Island, but this time furtherwest ofthe previous sightings. Mr. Richards, along with Steve Lee and Jessie Altstatt, sawoneindividualamongcobblesin5-6minBigFishermanCove(33°26.7'N, 118°29.1'W)on 2 May2016. On4 May2016,Mr. Richards sawan additional fishunderasmall rockyoverhang m in 3 ofwateratnearby Isthmus Reef Lastly,MarkSteeleinformsusthat, asoflate summerandearlyfall 2016,“I searchedaband thatwasapproximately 150mlongand3mwidein 1.2-2mdepthinthebackofBigFisherman Cove and counted 19 different individuals. This was not an exhaustive search and this species is pretty shy, so Tm sure 19 is an underestimate oftrue abundance in that area.” He goes on to notethat an associatehadalso seen this species at several othersites aroundthe island. Fig. 2. Female(left)andmale(right) largemouthblennies, Labrisomusxanti, exhibitingbreedingbehavior, August2015,LaJolla,California. PhotographbyRogerUzun. LABPJSOMUSXANTl, NEWTOCALIFORNIA 193 Table 1. Members ofthe families Clinidae, Labrisomidae, and Chaenopsidae from California waters with notesontheirmaximumsizes,andgeographicanddepthranges.CAS=CaliforniaAcademyofSciences;LACM =LosAngelesCountyMuseumofNaturalHistory;SIO—ScrippsInstitutionofOceanographyMarineVertebrate Collection. Min. = minimum depth observed; max. = maximum depth observed. D == dorsal-fin elements; A ” anal-finelements; Pect. ~pectoral-finrays; Pelvic=pelvic-finrays; LLs = lateral line scales; LLp =pored laterallinescales;GR=gillrakers,lower + upper;GRt=totalgillrakers;Vert. =totalvertebrae. — FamilyClinidae KelpBlennies Gibbomiaelegam(Cooper, 1864), SpottedKelpfish.To 16cmTL(Milleretal2008). SanFranciscoBay (CAS215456),northernCaliforniatoBahiaMagdalena,southernBajaCalifornia,includingIsla m Guadalupe(EschmeyerandHerald 1983).Intertidalandto56 (min.:Wells 1986;max.: Eschmeyerand Herald 1983).DXXXI-XXXX5-8;AIMII,21-25;Pect. 11-13;Pelvic1,2-3;LLp62-71;GR4-5 + 8-12:= 12-16;Vert.47-49.ThespottedkelpfishwasmistakenlygiventhenameGibbonsiaevidesby Eschmeyer(1998);forexplanationseeNelsonetal. (2004:243). GibbonsiametziHubbs, 1927. StripedKelpfish.To23.5cmTL(MillerandLea 1972).VancouverIslan4 BritishColumbiatoPuntaRompiente,centralBajaCalifornia(MillerandLea 1972).Intertidal,including tidepools,andto 18m(min.:EschmeyerandHerald 1983;max.: LACM35689-2).D XXXIV-XXXVII,7-10;A11,24-29;Pect. 11-13;Pelvic1,3;LLp64-71;GR3-4 + 7-8= 11;Vert. 50-53. GibbonsiamontereyemisHubbs, 1927.CreviceKelpfish.To 13.9cmSL(SIO80-19).VancouverIsland, BritishColumbia(LambandEdgell2010)toIslaGuadalupe(SIO60-15),BahiaSanCarlos(SIO 52-215)andIslaCedros,IslasSanBenito,andIslaNatividad,centralBajaCalifornia(Ramirez-Valdez etal.2015).Intertidalandto37m(min.:M,L.,unpubl.data;max.:ICarroll,pers.comm,toM.L.). GibbonsiaerytkraHubbs, 1952,isajuniorsynonym(StepienandRosenblatt 1991). D XXXIV~XXXVI,5-8;AII,23-28;Pect. 11-13;Pelvic1,3;LLp61-70;GR2-5 + 7-10;Vert.49-51. HeterostichusrostratusGirard 1854.GiantKelpfish.To61 cmTL(MillerandLea 1972).BritishColumbiato CaboSanLucas,southernBajaCalifornia,includingIslaGuadalupe(MillerandLea 1972).Intertidaland to40m(min.:M. L.unpubl.data;max.: EschmeyerandHerald 1983). DXXXIII-XXXVIII,!1-13;A 11,31-35;Pect. 1—2-14;Pelvic1,3;LLs73-83;GR5-8 + 12-13 = 18-20;Vert. 56-58. FamilyLabrisomidae LabrisomidBlennies AUodinusholderi(Lauderbach 1907).IslandKelpfish.To 11.5cmTL(M.L.,unpubl.data). SanMiguel Island,southernCalifornia(D.Kushner,pers.comm,toM.L.)toPuntaSanPablo(27°12*N, 114°29W), southernBajaCalifornia(MillerandLea 1972).Intertidalandto91 m(min.:M.L.,unpubl.data;max.: SCCWRP).DXXIV-XXVI,9-13;A11,21-23;Pect. 13-14;Pelvic1,3;LLs47-54;GR4 + 9;Vert.41-42. CryptotremacorallinumGilbert, 1890.DeepwaterBlermy.To 12.7cmTL(MillerandLea 1972).OffCook Point,SanMiguelIslandsouthernCalifornia(D.Schroeder,pers.comm,toM.L.)toBahiaSanQuintin, northernBajaCalifornia(MillerandLea 1972).Atdepthsof24-195m(min.:MillerandLea 1972;max.: M.L.,unpubl.data).DXXVI-XXVIII,!1-13;A1-11,24-27;Pect. 13-15;Pelvic1,3;LLs65-75;GR4-5 + 8-12 . LabrisomusxantiGill, 1860.LargemouthBlenny.To 17.8cmTL(Thomsonetal2000).AguaHedionda Lagoon,LaJolla,andSantaCatalinaIslandsouthernCalifornia(C.Mack,B. Cantrell,andJ.Nichols, respectively,pers.comm,toM.L.);IslaCedrosandIslaNatividad(Ramirez-Valdezetal.2015)and (mainland)BahiadeSebastianVizcaino,southernBajaCaliforniaintoGulfofCalifornia(Thomsonetal. 2000)andtoBahiaChamela,Jalisco,Mexico(Galvanetal.2016).Tidepoolsandto 11 m(min.: ThomsonandLehner1976;max.:LACM31768.028.DXVII-XIX,10-13;A11,17-19;Pect. 13-15;LLs 64-69;GR3 + 6-7;Vert.34. Paraclinusmtegripinnis(Smith, 1880).ReefFinspot.To7.8cmTL(Rosales-Casian1996).SantaCruzIsland southernCalifornia(RosenblattandParr1969)andNaples,SantaBarbaraCounty,southernCalifornia(S. Norton,pers.comm,toM.L.)toBahiaAlmejas,southernBajaCalifornia(MillerandLea 1972). Intertidalandto 15m(MillerandLea 1972).DXXVII-XXIII;A11,18-21;Pect. 12-14;Pelvic0-1,3; LLs34-39;GR—2 + 4=6;Vert.37-39. FamilyChaenopsidae TubeBlennies Chaenopsisalepidota(Gilbert, 1890).OrangethroatPikeblenny.To 15.2cmTL(MillerandLea 1972).Point Sur,centralCalifornia(T.Laidig,pers.comm,toM.L.)toGulfofCalifornia(Thomsonetal2000).The onlyknownmainlandpopulationinsouthernCaliforniaisinKingHarbor,southernCalifornia(Stephens etal 1989).Atdepthsof1-23m(min.:RobertsonandAllen2002;max.:AllenandRobertson 1994).D XVIII-XXI32-38;A11,34-38;Pect. 12-14;Pelvic1,3; GRt 11-12;Vert.56-60. 194 SOUTHERNCALIFORNIAACADEMYOFSCIENCES Table 1. Continued. NeoclinusblanchardiGirard, 1858. SarcasticFringehead.To30.5cmTL(MillerandLea 1972).BodegaBay, northernCalifornia(D. Stephens,pers.comm,toM.L.)toIslaCedros,centralBajaCalifornia(Millerand Lea 1972).Atdepthsof3-73m(min.:MillerandLea 1972;max.: Carlisle 1969).D XXIII-XXVII,15-18;A11,26-30;Pect. 14-15;Pelvic1,3;LLs20-27;GR4-6 + 8= 12-14;Vert.46-49. NeoclinusstephensaeHubbs, 1953.YellowfinFringehead.To 10cmTL(MillerandLea 1972). SanFrancisco, northernCalifornia(Ryan 1986)toPuntaSanHipolito,centralBajaCalifornia(MillerandLea 1972). Intertidal(Hubbs 1953)to27m(MillerandLea 1972).DXIV-XXVII,15-18;A11,29-31;Pect. 15;Pelvic 1,3;LLs 19-20;GR6-8 + 12-14= 18-22;Vert.47-50. NeoclinusuninotatusHubbs, 1953.OnespotFringehead.To25cmTL(EschmeyerandHerald 1983). Bodega Bay,northernCaliforniatonorthernBajaCalifornia(EschmeyerandHerald 1983). Surfzoneto55m (min.: Carlisleetal. 1960;max.:Fayetal. 1978). DXXIII-XXVII,14-17;A11,26-31;Pect. 14-16;LLs 17-26;GR3-5 + 8-11 = 11-16;Vert.47^9. Through all ofthese sightingswewere fairly confidentinouridentification ofthis species as L. xanti, based on overall appearance and coloration ofthe breeding males. However, we felt thatpublishingthis reporthadto await ourbeing able to examine a specimen. This opportunity wasprovidedbythethirdauthor(BC)whocaughtthreeindividuals,usinghook-and-line,on30 June 2016 in Agua Hedionda Lagoon (33°08.8’N, 117°19.9’W). He caught these specimens in an areaofthe lagoonthat is linedby small bouldersthatoccurfrom above the tide line into the shallow subtidal. He reports that ofthe first three fish he caught one was a male and twowere females. Returning on 6 July2016, he caught five more at lowtide. Goodwaterclarityallowed himto see otherL. xantiunderanumberofbarely subtidalboulders. These five specimens were deposited in the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Marine mm Vertebrate Collection (SIO 16-30) andrange in size from 97.2 to 122.3 SL. All specimens fit the description of L. xanti (Hubbs, 1953), having relatively few cephalic sensory pores (comparedto the similarspeciesL multiporosus), noteeth on thepalatine, XVIII-XIX dorsal- fin spines, 12-13 dorsal-fin rays, two anal-fin spines and 16-18 rays. The largest specimen is a ripe male that was bright redwith iridescent blue spots when captured. Three specimens are females with ripe eggs, confirming the presence ofspawning-capable individuals in southern Californiawaters. Prior to this the known distribution ofthe Largemouth Blenny included the Pacific coast ofMexico, from the outer Baja peninsula, the GulfofCalifornia, and southward to southern Mexico (Hubbs 1953; Springer 1959; Thomson et al. 2000). It is known from throughout the GulfofCalifornia from Roca Consag (SIO 04-124; 31°7.3'N, 114°29.0'W) southward to Mazatlan and is the most common species in the genus found in the Gulf (Thomson et al. 2000). It is found along the Pacific coast of southern Mexico with confirmed records as far south as Bahia Chamela, Jalisco (Galvan-Villa et al. 2016). It has also been recorded from the Islas Tres Marias (Erisman et al. 2015) including Isla San Juanito (SIO 62-8, 62-9; 21°43.5’N, 106°42.3’W) and Isla Cleopha (SIO 62-56; 2ri5.5'N, 106H7.6'W), as well as Isla Clarion (LACM 32097-47; 18°2TN, 114°43'W). Reports ofthe species from Peru (e.g.. Love et al. 2005) and Ecuador (Bearez 1996) appear to be based on its inclusion in keys to fish species ofthat region (Chirichigno 1974; Chirichigno and Velez 1998). It was listed as occurring in northernChilein 1999(Sielfeldetal. 2010)butthatrecordmaybebasedonthe similarspecies L multiporosus, known to occur in that area (Hubbs 1953; Springer 1959). Labrisomusxanti wasnotrecordedinadetailedsystematictreatmentofrelatedblenniesfromthe Pacificcoastof South America (Stephens and Springer 1974), andto ourknowledge no specimens from south ofMexico exist. Thus its occurrence south ofMexico isunconfirmed. . LABRISOMUSXANTI, NEWTOCALIFORNIA 195 AlongtheoutercoastofBajaCaliforniaLxantihadbeenrecordedasfarnorthasPuertoMala ArrimoinBahiaSanSebastianVizcaino(SIO 14-174,formerlyW51-224;27°48'N, 114°43'W). Hubbs(1953)reportedthespecies(asLabrisomusxanthusi)from Isla San Benitobasedontwo specimens collected in 1950 (SU 17545; ca 28°18*N, 115°35*W). The species has also been reported from Rocas Alijos (ca 24°57.5’N, 115°45’W) based on visual observations (Gotshall 1996). The southern California records represent the northernmost occurrence ofthe species, extending its known range approximately 626 km northward from Isla San Benito to Santa Catalina Island, California. These records are the first from California. Whether the species arrived in these waters as larvae,juveniles, or as adults (unlikely given their benthic habits), is unknown. We note that the first individuals observedwere adults. It is one ofthe numerous tropical fishes that arrived in California waters during the strong El Nino of2015. While we have documented that the fish were breeding off La Jolla in 2015 and Agua Hedionda in 2016 it remains to be seen whetherrecruitment fromthese spawning siteswillbe successful. We notethat as offall 2016, noyoungornewlyrecruitedindividualshavebeenobserved. Thus, itispossiblethatsuccessful reproductionwillnotoccurandthatthisspecieswilldisappearovertimefromCaliforniawaters. Keytothe California Kelp, Labrisomid, andTube Blennies, Families Clinidae, Labrisomidae, andChaenopsidae 1a Large ocelluspresent inposteriorportionofdorsal fin (between22”^ to 27^^ dorsal-fin spines); dorsalfinwhollyofspines ............ Paraclinusintegripinnis(Labrisomidae) lb No ocellusin dorsal fin as above; dorsal finwithboth spines andsoft-rays 2 2a Greatestbodydepthintototal lengthmorethan 10times; more soft-raysthan spinesin dorsal fin Chaenopsisalepidota (Chaenopsidae) 2b Greatest body depth into total length less than 8 times; more spines than soft-rays in dorsal fin 3 3a Maxillaryextendingwellbehindeye .4 3b Maxillarynotextendingbehindeye.......................... ............ .6 4a Supraorbital cirri divided from base; no large ocellus in center ofmembrane between and 2"^ dorsal spines; total gill rakers 18-22; head length 4.2-5.3 into standard length NeocUnusstephensae(Chaenopsidae) 4b Supraorbital cirri simpleordividedonlyondistalhalf; ocelluspresentbetween 1 and 2nd(jorsal-finspines;totalgillrakers 11-16;headlength3.5-3.8intostandardlength. . . 5 5a One ocellus in dorsal fin between and 2"^ spines, none between 5* to 9* spines; anteriormost supraorbital cirrus longer than eye and divided at tip .NeocUnus uninotatus(Chaenopsidae) 5b Two ocelli in dorsal fin (rarely one; ifone, locatedbetween P^ and 2"^ dorsal spines), onebetween P^ and2"^ spines,theotherbetween 5*to9* spines; all supraorbital cirri shorterthan eye andundivided NeocUnus blanchardi(Chaenopsidae) 6a From 3b: maxillarynotextendingbehindeye Tail forked; head elongated and pointed; anal-fin soft-rays 30 or more ................................................. .Heterostichusrostratus(Clinidae) 6b Tailrounded(inadults);headnotasabove,more stout; anal-finsoft-rayslessthan30. . 7 7a Pectoral fin long, extendingbeyond P^ anal-fin soft-ray; maxillary goes into head less than2.5 times 8 196 SOUTHERNCALIFORNIAACADEMYOFSCIENCES 7b Pectoral fin short, not extendingto 1 anal-fin soft-ray; maxillarygoesintoheadmore than 2.5 times 10 8a Ocellusbetween2^^and3^^dorsal-finspinestypicallypresent;supraorbitalcirriheavily branched; anal-fin soft-rays 17 to 19 Labrisomusxanti(Labrisomidae) 8b No ocellus on dorsal fin (Island Kelpfish may have dark patch on and 2^^^ dorsal spine); supraorbital cirri simple,with 2 ormoretips; anal-fin soft-rays 21 ormore.....9 9a Lateral line descends to midbody immediately posteriorto tip ofpectoral fin; anal-fin soft-rays21-23 ......................... Alloclinusholderi(Labrisomidae) 9b Lateral line remains in upperportion ofbody forat least 2/3 ofdistance to caudal fin; anal-fin soft-rays 24-27 ............. ..... Cryptotrema corallinum (Labrisomidae) 10a Dorsal-fin soft-rays equally spaced, 7-10in number; total length maybe >16 cm Gibbonsia metzi(Clinidae) 1Ob Dorsal-fin soft-rays not equally spaced, posterior spacing wider than anterior, 5-8 in number; total length <16 cm ..11 1la Scalespresent on caudal fin; ocellus on bodywith ring Gibbonsia elegans(Clinidae) 1lb No scales on caudal fin; ocellus onbodywith noring Gibbonsia montereyensis(Clinidae) Acknowledgments WethankCallieMack,TaraHowell,andRogerUzunforbringingthisspeciestoourattention andto John Moore, Wendy Dorr, Bill Bushing, JannaNichols, Dan Richards, and Mark Steele for further observations. 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