Indian and Northern Affaires indiennes Affairs Canada et du Nord Canada The James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement and the Northeastern Quebec Agreement 2005-2006 2006-2007 Annual Report The James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement and the Northeastern Quebec Agreement 2005-2006 > 2006-2007 Annual Report Published under the authority of the Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development and Federal Interlocutor for Métis and Non-Status Indians Ottawa, 2009 www.ainc-inac.gc.ca 1 800 567-9604 TTY only 1 866 553-0554 QS-Q036-009-BB-A1 Catalogue No.: R71-38/2007E-PDF ISBN: 978-1-100-11996-0 © Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada Foreword As part of its responsibilities relating to Aboriginal peoples and Northerners, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada coordinates Government of Canada activities pertaining to obligations under the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement and the Northeastern Quebec Agreement. It is with great pleasure that I present herein, on behalf of Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, the 2005-2006 and 2006-2007 annual report outlining the implementation activities conducted in those years. This report provides an overview of the activities organized for the Cree, Inuit and Naskapi under the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement and the Northeastern Quebec Agreement, and presents the related expenditures. Activities and expenditures under other federal programs are also included. In 2005-2006 and 2006-2007, continued efforts were made to ensure that obligations under the above agreements were duly fulfilled. The many achievements included the signing and renewal of various agreements to fund activities to help the Cree, Inuit and Naskapi of Quebec achieve their social and economic aspirations and build healthy and sustainable communities. In an atmosphere of mutual respect and trust between the Cree, Inuit and Naskapi and numerous federal departments and agencies, significant achievements were made in partnership. On behalf of Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, I am proud to present them to you in the following pages. Mavis Dellert A/Director General Implementation Branch Treaties and Aboriginal Government 2005-2006 > 2006-2007 • Annual Report 1 Table of Contents Foreword ....................... 1 2005-2006 ANNUAL REPORT Introduction .................... 5 Summary of Federal Government Expenditures ($), 2001-2006 ...................... 17 Activities and Expenditures of Federal Departments and Agencies, 2005-2006 ........ 18 Map of Cree, Inuit and Naskapi Communities in Quebec .......... 6 Indian and Northern Affairs Canada ................................................ 18 Population .................................................................. 18 Main Provisions of the Education ................................................................... 18 JBNQA and NEQA ................ 7 Capital, Operations and Maintenance ............................................ 18 Lands ......................... 7 Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Environmental and Social Social Development ........................................................... 19 Protection ...................... 9 Economic and Community Development .......................................... 20 Economic Development ........... 9 Environment ................................................................. 20 Education ...................... 9 Indian Registration ............................................................ 21 Cree-Naskapi Land Registry ..................................................... 21 Hunting, Fishing and Trapping ... 10 Evacuation of Disaster Victims ................................................... 21 Local and Regional Gathering Strength: Canada’s Aboriginal Action Plan ................................ 21 Administrations ................ 10 Other Financial Assistance ...................................................... 22 Cree-Naskapi (of Quebec) Act ....... 11 Cree-Naskapi Commission ...................................................... 22 Cree-Naskapi Land Registry ...... 11 Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation ......................................... 24 Cree-Naskapi Commission ....... 11 Human Resources and Skills Development Canada .................................... 24 Health Canada ................................................................. 25 Summary of JBNQA and Transport Canada ............................................................... 28 NEQA Implementation .......... 12 Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Canada .................................... 30 Indian and Northern Aboriginal Policing Directorate .................................................. 30 Affairs Canada ................. 13 Correctional Service of Canada .................................................. 30 James Bay Implementation National Defence ............................................................... 31 Office ........................ 13 Canadian Heritage .............................................................. 31 Mandate ................... 13 Canada Economic Development ................................................... 32 Industry Canada ................................................................ 33 Fisheries and Oceans Canada ...................................................... 33 Aboriginal Fisheries Division – Fisheries Management ............................... 33 Regional Science Branch ....................................................... 34 Oceans and Habitat Branch .................................................... 34 Environment Canada ............................................................ 35 Participation in Committees .................................................... 35 Northern Ecosystem Initiative ................................................... 35 Wildlife and Habitat Management ............................................... 35 Environmental Protection ...................................................... 36 Canadian Meteorological Service ................................................ 36 Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency ........................................ 36 Natural Resources Canada ........................................................ 38 Canadian Forest Service ........................................................ 38 Canadian Centre for Cadastral Management – Quebec Client Liaison Unit ............... 38 Geomatics Canada ............................................................ 39 Justice Canada ................................................................. 39 Canadian Food Inspection Agency .................................................. 40 2 The James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement and the Northeastern Quebec Agreement 2006-2007 ANNUAL REPORT Summary of Federal Government Expenditures ($), 2002-2007 ....................... 43 Activities and Expenditures of Federal Departments and Agencies, 2006-2007 ........ 44 Indian and Northern Affairs Canada ................................................ 44 Population .................................................................. 44 Education ................................................................... 44 Capital, Operations and Maintenance ............................................ 44 Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Social Development ........................................................... 45 Economic and Community Development .......................................... 46 Environment ................................................................. 46 Indian Registration ............................................................ 46 Cree-Naskapi Land Registry ..................................................... 47 Evacuation of Disaster Victims ................................................... 47 Gathering Strength: Canada’s Aboriginal Action Plan ................................ 47 Other Financial Assistance ...................................................... 48 Cree-Naskapi Commission ...................................................... 48 Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation ......................................... 50 Human Resources and Skills Development Canada .................................... 50 Health Canada ................................................................. 51 Transport Canada ............................................................... 54 Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Canada .................................... 56 Aboriginal Policing Directorate .................................................. 56 Correctional Service of Canada .................................................. 56 National Defence ............................................................... 57 Canadian Heritage .............................................................. 57 Canada Economic Development ................................................... 58 Industry Canada ................................................................ 59 Fisheries and Oceans Canada ...................................................... 59 Aboriginal Fisheries Division – Fisheries Management ................................ 59 Regional Science Branch ....................................................... 59 Oceans and Habitat Branch ..................................................... 60 Environment Canada ............................................................ 61 Participation in Committees .................................................... 61 Northern Ecosystem Initiative ................................................... 61 Wildlife and Habitat Management ............................................... 61 Environmental Protection ...................................................... 62 Canadian Meteorological Service ................................................ 62 Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency ......................................... 62 Natural Resources Canada ........................................................ 64 Canadian Forest Service ........................................................ 64 Canadian Centre for Cadastral Management – Quebec Client Liaison Unit ............... 65 Geomatics Canada ............................................................ 65 Justice Canada ................................................................. 65 Canadian Food Inspection Agency .................................................. 66 2005-2006 > 2006-2007 • Annual Report 3 Introduction The James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement (JBNQA) was The inhabitants of these Northern lands, which are barren signed on November 11, 1975 by the Cree and Inuit peoples of but incredibly diverse in terms of climate and resources, are Quebec, the governments of Canada and Quebec, the James Bay Indian and Inuit peoples with significantly different cultures, Development Corporation, the James Bay Energy Corporation methods of social organization and languages. The Cree, the and Hydro-Quebec. Few years later, on January 31, 1978, Inuit and the Naskapi follow a traditional way of life in which the Naskapi of Schefferville signed a similar agreement, the they harvest a large number of wildlife and marine resources. Northeastern Quebec Agreement (NEQA). Many continue to earn their living by hunting, fishing and trapping. When the Quebec government launched its hydroelectric The JBNQA and NEQA are the first comprehensive land claim power development activities in Northern Quebec, the land agreements signed in modern times by Canada and Aboriginal claims and other claims of the Aboriginal people living on these people. The agreements include self-government components lands had not yet been settled. In 1972, the Quebec Cree and and lay the foundations for a new relationship between the Cree, Inuit went to court in order to halt the hydroelectric work. the Inuit and the Naskapi and the Government of Canada. In November 1973, Judge Albert Malouf of the Quebec Superior The territory covered by the JBNQA and NEQA is comprised Court ordered that all work be stopped immediately, in particular of more than 1,000,000 square kilometres of land in Quebec because Quebec had not yet fulfilled its obligation under the between the 48th and 62nd parallels. It was once part of a 1912 Act. In 1974, the Quebec Court of Appeal reversed Judge larger federal territory known as Rupert’s Land. Malouf’s decision, but in late 1973, the parties had already A century ago, the Parliament of Canada transferred two vast begun negotiations to reach a final agreement. These negotiations stretches of Rupert’s Land to Quebec, with Quebec’s consent. culminated in the signing of the JBNQA in 1975. The first transfer took place in 1898 and Quebec’s borders were Subsequently, in 1978, the Naskapi Band of Schefferville signed extended northward to the 52nd parallel. The second transfer the Northeastern Quebec Agreement with the Government occurred in 1912 and Quebec’s borders were extended northward of Quebec and certain Crown corporations, the Government of again as far as Hudson Strait and the 62nd parallel and eastward Canada, the Grand Council of the Crees (of Quebec) and the as far as Labrador. The 1912 Quebec Boundaries Extension Act Northern Quebec Inuit Association, establishing similar rights carried certain obligations for the Quebec government, including to those acquired by the Cree under the JBNQA. the obligation to reach an agreement on land-related issues with the Aboriginal inhabitants. However, discussions regarding these matters would not begin until more than 60 years later. 2005-2006 > 2006-2007 • Annual Report 5 Map of Cree, Inuit and Naskapi Communities in Quebec Ivujivik Salluit Kangiqsujuaq Akulivik Quaqtaq Killiniq Kangirsuk Puvirnituq Aupaluk Kangiqsualujjuaq Inukjuak Tasiujaq Kuujjuaq Umiujaq Whapmagoostui Kuujjuarapik Kawawachikamach Chisasibi Wemindji Eastmain Waskaganish Nemiscau Mistissini Waswanipi Oujé-Bougoumou Inuit Communities Cree Communities Naskapi Community 6 The James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement and the Northeastern Quebec Agreement