The Issue of Homosexuality in Annie Proulx’s Brokeback Mountain and Its Film Adaptation Directed by Ang Lee A Thesis Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Attainment of the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Literature By Maria Wintang Rarasati 09211144001 ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE STUDY PROGRAM FACULTY OF LANGUANGES AND ARTS YOGYAKARTA STATE UNIVERSITY 2014 APPROVAL THE ISSUE OF HOMOSEXUALITY IN ANNIE PROULX‟S BROKEBACK MOUNTAIN AND ITS FILM ADAPTATION DIRECTED BY ANG LEE A THESIS by Maria Wintang Rarasati 09211144001 Approved by the consultants on June 16th, 2014 First Consultant Second Consultant Drs. Supardjo, M.Ed Eko Rujito Dwi Atmojo, S.S., M.Hum. NIP. 194908061986011001 NIP. 197606222008011003 ii RATIFICATION THE ISSUE OF HOMOSEXUALITY IN ANNIE PROULX‟S BROKEBACK MOUNTAIN AND ITS FILM ADAPTATION DIRECTED BY ANG LEE A THESIS by Maria Wintang Rarasati 09211144001 Accepted by the Board of Examiners of Faculty of Language and Arts of Yogyakarta State University on July 7th 2014 and declared to have fulfilled the requirement for the attainment of the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Language and Literature Board of Examiners Position Name Signature Chairperson Rachmat Nurcahyo, S.S., M.A. _________ Secretary Eko Rudjito D.A., S.S., M.Hum. _________ First Examiner Dr. Widyastuti Purbani, M.A. _________ Second Examiner Drs. Supardjo, M.Ed _________ Yogyakarta, July 2014 Faculty of Languages and Arts Yogyakarta State University Dean, Prof. Dr. Zamzani, M.Pd NIP. 19550505 198011 1001 iii PERNYATAAN Saya yang bertanda tangan dibawah ini: Nama : Maria Wintang Rarasati NIM : 09211144001 Program Studi : Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris Fakultas : Bahasa dan Seni Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta Judul Skrpsi : The Issue of Homosexuality in Annie Proulx‟s Brokeback Mountain and Its Film Adaptation Directed by Ang Lee Menyatakan bahwa skripsi ini adalah hasil karya sendiri dan sepanjang pengetahuan saya tidak berisi materi yang ditulis oleh orang lain sebagai persyaratan penyelesaian studi di UNY atau perguruan tinggi lain kecuali pada bagian-bagian tertentu yang saya ambil sebagai acuan dengan mengikuti tata cara etika penulisan karya ilmiah yang lazim. Apabila terbukti pernyataan ini tidak benar, hal ini sepenuhnya menjadi tanggung jawab saya. Yogyakarta, 16 Juni 2014 Penulis, Maria Wintang Rarasati iv DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to:  Bapak, Ibu, Kimpling, Pipit, and Simbah Putri  Mas Nino  Ditya, Pendi, Pappo, and Ical  Those who have similiar life to Ennis and Jack v MOTTO “It always seems impossible until it‟s done” – Nelson Mandela “Never give up! Never give up but till the end!” – King Didier Drogba (On the day when Chelsea Football Club won their first Champions League) vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my gratitute to Jesus Christ for His blessing and guidance without which I would have never ever finished this thesis. I acknowledge my family, my lecturers, and my friends who have encouraged me to finish this thesis and who have given me continous support for me on the process of this thesis writing. My special appreciation and gratitute goes to Bapak Drs. Supardjo, M.Ed. and Bapak Eko Rujito Dwi Atmojo, S.S., M.Hum. as my first and second consultant and to Ibu Nandy Intan Kurnia, M.Hum. as my academic advisor for their caring, understanding, patience and time in guiding the researcher during the writing process of this thesis. For the endless support, prayers, love, and encouragement, I wish to thank my father, Bapak Drs. Decirius Suharto, M.Sn., my mother Ibu Dra. Agustina Ratri Probosini, M.Sn., my two sisters Chatarina Kaniraras Prabandaru and Yohana Raras Pritandari, and my grandmother Simbah Fransisca Yusina Suratinah Bambang Sumantri. I also would like to express my gratitute to my late grandfather, Simbah Robertus Bambang Sumantri, who undoubtely always blesses me from up there. Tremendous thank goes to my best friends, Herdian Praditya, Vendy Muchdyasworo Putra, Pappo Gilang Sandika, and Rezky Abdillah Faisal, who have allowed me to feel the beauty of friendship (and madness) for these last five years and for their amazing endless support for me. I also would like to thank Isneni Nursiah and Candra Nila Fitriani for being very good friends of mine vii during my study in this university. Sincere gratitude also goes to my partner in crime Jafrudin Nasser for being such a great companion during the writing of this thesis. I also would like to thank my “sister”, Atanasia Riami Ayu Salindri, who for the last ten years always be a great great friend and always support me. I would like to thank Mas Indra Budi Prabowo and Mbak Destarina Intan Pravitasari who literally always “be with me” during the process of consulation on writing this thesis. I also would like to thank Mas Azzan Wafiq Agnurhasta for all the support and the grammar correction. Enormous thank also goes to all my friends in English Literature study programme particularly the G class and Literature Concentration. Last but not least, I would like to thank Mas Briant Nino Aditya for all the support and for being such a great listener. Finally, I realize that this thesis is far from being perfect. I do appreciate any comments and criticisms. I hope that this thesis can bring a new path to the real world for any marginalized people. I also hope that this thesis can bring some contributions in literature study. Yogyakarta, June 2014 Maria Wintang Rarasati viii TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE .............................................................................................................. i APPROVAL SHEET ..................................................................................... ii RATIFICATION SHEET .............................................................................. iii SURAT PERNYATAAN .................................................................................. iv DEDICATIONS ............................................................................................. v MOTTOS ......................................................................................................... vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................... vii TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................... ix LIST OF FIGURES.......................................................................................... xii LIST OF PICTURES ....................................................................................... xiii LIST OF APPENDICES ................................................................................ xv ABSTRACT ................................................................................................... xvi CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION .................................................................. 1 A. Background of the Study .................................................................... 1 B. Research Focus .................................................................................... 9 C. Research Questions .............................................................................. 11 D. Research Objectives ............................................................................ 12 E. Research Significance .......................................................................... 13 CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW ....................................................... 14 A. Mimetic Literary Approach.................................................................. 14 B. Abnormal Psychology .......................................................................... 16 ix C. Literature and Abnormal Psychology ............................................... 18 D. Homosexuality ..................................................................................... 19 a. Definition of Homosexuality.......................................................... 20 b. Kinds of Homosexuality ................................................................ 22 c. Homosexual‟s Feelings and the Impacts ........................................ 23 d. Homosexuality and Religion .......................................................... 25 e. Homosexuality and the Society ...................................................... 27 E. Film Analysis Theory ........................................................................... 30 F. Film Adaptation and Its Comparison to the Original Work ................. 34 G. Literariness in a Written Literary Work ............................................... 36 H. Brokeback Mountain ............................................................................ 37 a. The Author Background ................................................................. 38 b. The Film Adaptation ...................................................................... 40 I. Previous Study ..................................................................................... 40 J. Analytical Construct............................................................................. 42 CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD ....................................................... 44 A. Research Design ................................................................................... 44 B. Data and Source of Data .................................................................... 45 C. Data Collecting Technique ................................................................... 46 D. Technique of Analyzing Data .............................................................. 47 E. Data Trustworthiness ......................................................................... 48 CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ........................................ 50 A. The Feelings Felt the Main Characters about their Homosexuality ... 50 1. Positive Feelings (Ego-syntonic) .................................................. 51 a. Feeling Comfortable with their Homosexuality........................... 51 b. Feeling Optimistic with their Homosexuality ….....…………… 59 2. Negative Feelings (Ego-dystonic) ................................................. 64 a. Feeling Ashamed with their Homosexuality ……...................... 64 b. Feeling Confused with their Homosexuality ……………….… 69 c. Feeling Terrified with their Homosexuality …………………... 73 x