The Influence of Polymer Additives on Velocity and Temperature Fields International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Deutsche Rheologische Gesellschaft The Influence of Polymer Additives on Velocity and Temperature Fields Symposium Universitat -GH - Essen, Germany June 26 -28, 1984 Editor B.Gampert Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo Prof. Dr.-Ing. Bernhard Gampert Stromungsmechanik. Universitat -GH -Essen Schutzenbahn 70 D -4300 Essen 1 -FRG ISBN-13: 978-3-642-82634-4 e-ISBN-13:978-3-642-82632-0 001: 10.1007/978-3-642-82632-0 Ubrary of Congress cataloging-in-Publication Data Main entry under title: The Influence of polymer additives on velocity and temperature fields. At head of title: International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics [and] Deutsche Rheologische Gesellschaft. Symposium sponsored by the International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Universitat-GH-Essen, and Gesellschaft von Freunden und Forderern der Universitat-GH-Essen. 1. Frictional resistance (Hydrodynamics)--Congresses. 2. Turbulence-Congresses. 3. Polymers and polymerization--Additives-Congresses. I. Gampert, B. (Bernhard) II. International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. III. Deutsche Rheologische Gesellschaft. IV. Universitat Essen. V. Gesellschaft von Freunden und Forderern der Universitat-GH-Essen. TP156.F6154 1985 620.1'06 85-26217 ISBN-13: 978-3-642-82634-4 (U.S.) This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machine or similar means, and storage in data banks. Under § 54 of the German Copyright Law where copies are made for other than private use, a fee is payable to "Verwertungsgesellschaft Wort", Munich. © Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg 1985 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1985 The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. 2161/3020-543210 Scientific Committee B. Gampert, FRG (Chairman) V.A. Ioselevich, USSR F. Durst, FRG D.F. James, Canada H. Giesekus, FRG J.L. Lumley, USA A. Gyr, Switzerland o. Scrivener, France E.J. Hinch, England I. Tani, Japan Symposium Sponsors International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (IUTAM) Universitat-GH-Essen Gesellschaft von Freunden und Forderern der Universitat-GH-Essen e.V. Preface The Symposium on "The Influence of Polymer Additives on Veloc ity and Temperature Fields" was proposed to the General Assem bly of the International Union of Theoretical and Applied Me chanics (IUTAM) by the "Gesellschaft fur Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik" (GAMM). The Symposium was held under the auspices of IUTAM in association with the "Deutsche Rheologische Ge sellschaft" (DRG) with responsibility for the organization ly ing with B. Gampert (Universitat-GH-Essen). The main aim of this IUTAM Symposium was to consider the funda mental aspects of the phenomena that occur when small amounts of polymers are added to turbulent flows (turbulent drag re duction) and laminar porous media flows. In particular atten tion was devoted to - the influence of molecular parameters of the polymers and solution properties, especially the elongational viscosity, on turbulent flow and laminar porous media flow; the influence of polymers on the turbulence structure in polymer drag reduction. A thematical structure was provided to the Symposium by seven invited lectures which reviewed various aspects of the flow of polymer additives. These reviews were supplemented by twen ty-nine contributed papers. In accordance with the IUTAM regu lations, there was no general call for papers. The contributed papers were selected by the Scientific Committee from extended abstracts whereby each paper was reviewed by all members of the Scientific Committee. Unfortunately, it was not possible to include all papers in the Symposium. The papers finally accepted were more relevant and fitted into the planned pro gram of the Symposium. Fifty minutes were allotted for the invited lectures and thirty minutes for the selected papers; this included ten minutes for questions and discussion. The Symposium brought together many scientists from allover the world who are active in the field of polymer additive flow research. The conference had quite an interdisciplinary char acter as chemists, physico-chemists and fluid dynamicists specializing in polymer science, rheology and turbulence took part. Such a group is certainly necessary if the flow of poly mer solutions is to be dealt with succesfully. It was intended that the Symposium should present the state of the art and develop concepts for achieving further progress in this subject, since the mechanism by which polymer additives influence velocity and temperature fields is still poorly un derstood. The latter goal was the topic of a very lively final discussion, which was chaired by D. James. The papers submitted showed that little work has been undertaken on the influence of polymer additives on temperature fields. This subject should be an objective of further research in the near future. VII As always many people were involved in the preparation and run ning of the Symposium. We are particularly grateful to the mem bers of the Scientific Committee who at all stages during the preparation of the conference, maintained a very close rapport, in spite of the large geographical distances between them. In addition to the members of the Scientific Committee we would like to thank especially Dr. M. Hibberd {Universitat Dortmund}, Prof. Dr. K. Kirschke {Bundesanstalt fUr MaterialprUfung, Berlin} and Dr. P. Wagner {Universitat-GH-Essen} for their help. The support by many offices of the Universitat-GH-Essen and by all the members of the "Fachgebiet Stromungsmechanik" , especially during the conference, is very much appreciated. Thanks are also due to D. Fruman, A. Gyr, J. Hoyt and R.H.J. Sellin for their contributions which were not part of the official program. We are much indebted for the financial sup port provided by the sponsors which made this Symposium pos sible. The ready and efficient cooperation of Herr von Hagen and the editorial staff of Springer Verlag during the preparation for the printing of the Proceedings is specially acknowledged. It is our hope that this book will stimulate further research efforts in this exciting field of fluid mechanics. B. Gampert Participants Abernathy, F.H. Division of Applied Sciences, Pierce Hall, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA Bartels, P.V. Laboratory for Physical Technology, Delft University of Technology, Prins Bernhard Laan 6, 2628 BW Delft, The Netherlands Berman, N.S. Department of Chemical and Bio-Engineering, Arizona State University Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA Bewersdorff, H.W. Universitat Dortmund, Abteilung Chemietechnik, Lehrstuhl fur Stromungsmechanik, Postfach 500500 4600 Dortmund 60, West Germany Bismuth, D. E.N.S.T.A., Centre de l'Yvette, Chemin de la Huniere, 91120 Palaiseau, France Darby, R. Chemical Engineering Department, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 778 43, USA Davidson, A. Dow Chemical Europe, Industriestr. 1, 7587 Rheinmunster 2, West Germany Delgado, A. Universitat-GH-Essen, FB 12, Stromungsmechanik, Schutzenbahn 70, 4300 Essen 1, West Germany Desch, H.J. Fachgebiet Technische Mechanik und Stromungslehre, - Produktionstechnik - Universitat Bremen, Langemarkstr. 116, 2800 Bremen, West Germany IX Deslouis, C. Laboratoire Physique des Liquides et Electrochimie, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, 4, Place Jussieu, Tour 22 - Se etage, 7S230 Paris Cedex oS, France Durst, F. Lehrstuhl fur Stromungsmechanik, Technische Fakultat, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat, Erlangen-Nurnberg, Egerlandstr. 13, 8S20 Erlangen, West Germany Eckel, A. BASF Aktiengesellschaft, VIT/ET JS32, 6700 Ludwigshafen/Rhein, West Germany Eckelmann, H. Max-Planck-Institut fur Stromungsforschung, Gottinger Str. 6/8, 3400 Gottingen, West Germany Elata, C. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, PO Box 20S3, Beer-Sheba 84120, Israel Falco, R.E. Turbulence Structure Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA Fortuin, J.M.H. University of Amsterdam, DSM Geleen, Central Laboratory DSM, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands Frings, B. Universitat Dortmund, Abteilung Chemietechnik, Lehrstuhl fur Stromungsmechanik, Postfach So oS 00, 4600 Dortmund 60, West Germany x Frurnan, D.H. E.N.S.T.A., Centre de l'Yvette, Chemin de la Huniere, 91120 Palaiseau, France Gampert, B. Universitat-GH-Essen, FB 12, Stromungsmechanik, SchUtzenbahn 70 4300 Essen 1, West Germany Giesekus, H. Lehrstuhl fUr Stromungsmechanik, Universitat Dortmund, Postfach 50 05 00, August-Schmidt-StraBe, 4600 Dortmund, West Germany Gyr, A. Institut fUr Hydromechanik und Wasserwirtschaft, ETH-Honggerberg, CH-8093 ZUrich, Switzerland Haas, R. Fa. Hoechst AG, Abteilung Angewandte Physik, Postfach 800 320, 6230 Frankfurt/Hoechst, West Germany Hackler, L. Universitat-GH-Essen, FB 12, Stromungsmechanik, SchUtzenbahn 70, 4300 Essen 1, West Germany Halasz von, S.-P. Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft, ATA TH, Gebaude D561, 6230 Frankfurt am Main 80, West Germany Hibberd, M. Universitat Dortmund, Abteilung Chemietechnik, Lehrstuhl fUr Stromungsmechanik, Postfach 50 05 00, 4600 Dortmund 50, West Germany XI Holtuin, D. Universitat-GH-Essen, FB 12, Stromungsmechanik, SchUtzenbahn 70, 4300 Essen 1, West Germany Hoyt, J.W. Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182-0191, USA Interthal, W. Hoechst AG, Angewandte Physik G 864, Postfach 800 320, 6230 Frankfurt/M-Hoechst, West Germany James, D.F. University of Toronto, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 5, King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada Jischa, M. Institut fUr Technische Mechanik der Technischen Universitat Clausthal, Graupenstr. 3, 3392 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, West Germany Korte, J.-G. Universitat-GH-Essen, FB 12, Stromungsmechanik, SchUtzenbahn 70. 4300 Essen 1, West Germany Kulicke, W.-M. Institut fUr Chem. Technologie, TU Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Str. 10, 3300 Braunschweig, West Germany Lagerstedt, T. The Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanics, S-100 44 Stockholm 70, Sweden