The Influence of Global Ideas on Environmentalism and Human Rights WORLD SOCIETY AND THE INDIVIDUAL Markus Hadler The Influence of Global Ideas on Environmentalism and Human Rights Markus Hadler The Influence of Global Ideas on Environmentalism and Human Rights World Society and the Individual Markus Hadler Department of Sociology University of Graz Graz, Austria ISBN 978-1-137-57439-8 ISBN 978-1-137-57440-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-57440-4 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017950866 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2017 The author(s) has/have asserted their right(s) to be identified as the author(s) of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and trans- mission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher re-mains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover illustration: hope1983/Getty Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Macmillan Publishers Ltd. The registered company address is: The Campus, 4 Crinan Street, London, N1 9XW, United Kingdom Preface and Acknowledgments Human rights and environmentalism are global topics. Similarly, the development of this book has an inherent international dimension. It ties together topics that I have worked on in the USA, at Stanford University and Marshall University; in Australia, at Macquarie University; and in Austria, at the University of Graz. At all these places, I have received valuable feedback from various scholars and friends. At Stanford University from members of the Comparative Workshop and its organizer, John W. Meyer, at Marshall University from Marty Laubach and Richard Garnett, at Macquarie University from Shaun Wilson and Jonathan Symons, and at the University of Graz from Max Haller, Franz Höllinger, and many others. Work on this book and related research was also supported by different countries. My initial research visit to Stanford University and the Austrian 2010 environment survey were funded by the Austrian Science Fund, work on the final manuscript was funded by Macquarie University via their outside study program, and research and conference visits were sup- ported by all of the aforementioned universities. Finally, my involvement in international comparative research on environmentalism does not come to an end with this book. At the 2017 meeting of the International Social Survey Programme in Lausanne, we decided to repeat the survey on environmental attitudes and behaviors in v vi Preface and Acknowledgments 2020. I was elected to chair the development of this questionnaire, which guarantees heightened engagement with this topic. Graz, Austria Markus Hadler Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 World Society and Neo-institutionalism 15 3 World Society and the Individual 35 4 T he International Level: IGOs and INGOs 61 5 Development in Selected Countries 85 6 Individual Environmentalism 109 7 Individual Attitudes Toward Human Rights 137 8 Conclusion 171 vii viii Contents References and Further Readings 181 Index 203 About the Author Markus Hadler is Professor of Sociology, at the University of Graz, Austria, and Honorary Professor at the Department of Sociology, Macquarie University, Australia. He is also the Austrian representative to the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) and editor-in-chief of the International Journal of Sociology. His research interests lie in the areas of social inequality, political sociology, and environmental sociology. ix List of Figures Fig. 5.1 Public behavior over time in six countries. Percentage of respondents who were active in at least one of the four behaviors: signing a petition, taking part in a demonstration, donating money, being member of an environmental group. Data source: ISSP (1993), (2000), and (2010) 102 Fig. 5.2 Private behavior over time in six countries. Mean values of an index on private behaviors recycling and cutting back the use of a car (5 indicates ‘always’ and 1 ‘never’). Data source: ISSP (1993), (2000), and (2010) 103 Fig. 6.1 Public environmental behaviors in 1993, 2000, and 2010 across countries. Percentage of respondents who were active in at least one of four different public behaviors. Countries sorted according to the magnitude in 1993. See methods and data section for detailed information. Data source: ISSP (1993), (2000), and (2010) 121 Fig. 6.2 Private environmental behaviors in 1993, 2000, and 2010 across countries. Mean values of an index on private behaviors (5 indicates ‘always’ and 1 ‘never’). Countries sorted according to the magnitude in 1993. See methods and data section for detailed information Data source: ISSP (1993), (2000), and (2010) 122 xi