The impact of railway station redevelopment on station areas: the case of Wuchang railway station Chuan Zeng A thesis In The Department of Geography, Planning and Environment Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science (Geography, Urban& Environmental Studies) at Concordia University Montreal, Quebec, Canada March 2009 © Chuan Zeng, 2009 1*1 Library and Archives Bibliotheque et Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de Pedition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre inference ISBN: 978-0-494-63329-8 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-63329-8 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par Plnternet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans le loan, distribute and sell theses monde, a des ftns commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non support microforme, papier, electronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la these ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation. without the author's permission. In compliance with the Canadian Conformement a la loi canadienne sur la Privacy Act some supporting forms protection de la vie privee, quelques may have been removed from this formulaires secondaires ont ete enleves de thesis. cette these. While these forms may be included Bien que ces formulaires aient inclus dans in the document page count, their la pagination, il n'y aura aucun contenu removal does not represent any loss manquant. of content from the thesis. •+• Canada ABSTRACT The impact of railway station redevelopment on station areas: the case of Wuchang railway station Chuan Zeng The impact of railway station redevelopment in the urban cores of China's cities is an important and worthy research question in the present context because of a China-wide program of station replacement and system upgrading. Following European and Japanese precedents, Chinese railway station redevelopment will provide a catalyst for revitalizing the station area and extending the impact of the station into the surrounding area. Until now, station redevelopment has largely concerned the railway facilities themselves, along with intermodal facilities. This investigation explores the current extent of the Wuchang railway station on the surrounding area, and projects its future extent based on an analysis of the completed transport hub. Wuchang railway station was chosen as my case study because it is a super-large station and located in the city center. Thus, Wuchang station redevelopment was more likely to have a local revitalization impact in the city than the other local railway stations. Also, Wuchang railway station is one of six main hubs of the high-speed railway network. The study found that the effect of Wuchang railway station redevelopment is larger than what has been planned, the connection between Wuchang station's two sites is not really addressed, and an integrated city-based public transportation system has not yet been fully established. Based on the findings, recommendations are offered for policymakers and administrators. hi Acknowledgements I thank Concordia University for giving me a real education for real world. Many thank to Professor John Zacharias, my supervisor. Without his constant encouragement and guidance, this thesis could not have reached its present form. Last my thanks would go to my beloved family for their loving considerations and great confidence in me. IV Table of Contents List of Figures viii List of Tables xi Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 China's Fast Economic Growth and Urbanization 2 1.2 Chinese Railway Station Development Background 3 1.3 Chinese Railway Station Development Problem 5 1.4 Research Question 7 Chapter 2 The Wuchang Railway Station Redevelopment 8 2.1 Background of Wuhan 8 2.2 The Wuchang Railway Station 10 2.3 The Wuchang Railway Station Redevelopment Overview 14 2.4 The Wuhan Goverment's Goal of the Wuchang Station Redevelopment 17 2.5 The Wuchang Railway Station Redevelopment Projects 18 Chapter 3 Literature Review 28 3.1 Conceptual Framework 28 3.2 Concept Explanation 30 3.3 Theories about Railway Stations 33 3.4 The Impact of Railway Stations on Property Values 36 v 3.5 Important Factors Influencing Residential Location Choice.. .38 3.6 Conclusion 39 Chapter 4 Methodology 40 4.1 Introduction 40 4.2 Questionnaire and Interview 42 4.3 Site Survey in the Wuchang Station Surrounding Area 44 4.4 Projecting Potential for Wuchang Station Redevelopment 45 4.5 Data Used in the Study 46 Chapter 5 Questionnaire and Interview Results 48 5.1 Three Residential Quarters 48 5.2 Questionnaire Survey Results 53 5.3 Interview Results and Analysis 62 Chapter 6 Site Survey in the Station Surrounding Area 68 6.1 Wuchang Station Area's Traffic Survey Results and Analysis 68 6.2 The Local Shops and Commercial Facilities Survey and Analysis 82 6.3 Other New Developments in the Wuchang Station Area 88 Chapter 7 Projecting Potential for Station Area Redevelopment 90 7.1 Comparative Analysis of Railway Station Redevelopment: vi Cases in Europe and Asia 90 7.2 Situation Surrounding the Wuchang Railway Station 99 7.3 Projecting Potential for Wuchang Station Area Redevelopment 104 Chapter 8 Conclusion and Discussion 116 8.1 Findings 116 8.2 Recommendations Based on the Research Findings 117 8.3 Conclusion and Discussion 120 References 125 Appendix A Questionnaire 130 Appendix B Interview for Local Shops and Commercial Facilities 131 vn List of Figures Figure 1. China's railway operation line 3 Figure 2. Wuhan's regional GDP 9 Figure 3. Wuhan's vehicle capacity 9 Figure 4. The Wuchang railway station (before renovation) 10 Figure 5. The Beijing to Guangzhou railway line 11 Figure 6. The old Wuchang railway station 13 Figure 7 .Three railway stations within Wuhan city 14 Figure 8. Wuchang railway station in Chinese railway network 15 Figure 9. The new Wuchang railway station 16 Figure 10. The Wuchang railway station planning 19 Figure 11 . The A-A Section in the East square of Wuchang railway station 20 Figure 12. The Wuchang railway station underground planning 21 Figure 13. The Zhongshan Road tunnel of Wuchang railway station 22 Figure 14. Wuchang railway station "One vertical three horizontal" roads 23 Figure 15. The Wuchang railway station traffic flow planning 24 Figure 16. The Wuhan rapid rail transit network planning 25 Figure 17. Subway line 4 and subway Line 5 cross at Wuchang railway station 27 Figure 18 . Appropriate mode of transportation for the different trip distance 36 Figure 19 . The study Wuchang railway station areas 47 Figure 20. The Wuchang station and three residential quarters 49 Figure 21. The JinTao Mansion residential quarter 50 viii Figure 22. The Boguangyuan residential quarter 51 Figure 23. The City Park residential quarter 52 Figure 24. The mode choices of Wuhan residents and mode choices of three residential quarter's residents 61 Figure 25. Traffic flow on Zhongshan Road (before station renovation) 69 Figure 26. Long-distance bus station, bus station and metro station 70 Figure 27. Traffic flow on Zhongshan Road (after station renovation) 71 Figure 28. Shouyi Road 72 Figure 29. Jingan Road 72 Figure 30. The traffic volume on Wuchang station surrounding roads 73 Figure 31. The new tunnel on Ziyangdong Road 74 Figure 32.The tunnel on Chuxiong Avenue 75 Figure 33. The public transportation proportion in Wuhan 78 Figure 34. The Hongji long -distance bus station 79 Figure 35.The Wuchang railway station underground planning 81 Figure 36.The surveyed local shops and commercial facilities 82 Figure 37. New developments in Wuchang station area 88 Figure 38.The model and plan of Jingan uptown residential quarter 89 Figure 39 .The Utrecht station area planning 91 Figure 40. Public space map, network of lanes, squares and semi-public connections... 92 Figure 41. Preliminary design Public Transport Terminal of Utrecht Centralstation 92 Figure 42 . The Utrecht Central Station (left, before renovation; right, after renovation) 94 ix Figure 43. The exterior of Lille Europe station 95 Figure 44. Image of Tokyo Station City from the Yaesu side 96 Figure 45. The Sapia Tower 97 Figure 46. Land use of Wuchang railway station's central area (before station renovation) 100 Figure 47 . Land use of Wuchang railway station's central area (after station renovation) 102 Figure 48. The predicted Wuchang station passenger capacity 105 Figure 49. The Wuchang railway station affected area 107 Figure 50. The potential developments in the Wuchang railway station area 109 Figure 51. Vehicle flows on Wuchang station surrounding roads Ill Figure 52. Long-distance bus station, bus station and metro station 113 Figure 53. Pedestrian circulation in the Wuchang station area 114 x