UUnniivveerrssiittyy ooff MMaassssaacchhuusseettttss AAmmhheerrsstt SScchhoollaarrWWoorrkkss@@UUMMaassss AAmmhheerrsstt Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014 1975 TThhee hhyyddrrooggeeoollooggyy ooff AAggaawwaamm,, LLoonnggmmeeaaddooww,, EEaasstt LLoonnggeemmeeaaddooww,, aanndd HHaammppddeenn,, MMaassssaacchhuusseettttss John Archer Moser University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses Moser, John Archer, "The hydrogeology of Agawam, Longmeadow, East Longemeadow, and Hampden, Massachusetts" (1975). Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014. 1818. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/1818 This thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014 by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NOV 1 7 1978 3 11 b * DATE DUE UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS LIBRARY FIORR LD 3234 M268 1975 M899 THE HYDROGEOLOGY OF AGAWAM, LONGMEADOW, EAST 10NGMEADOW, AND HAMPDEN, MASSACHUSETTS A Thesis Presented By JOHN ARCHER MOSER Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE April 1975 Geology ii THE HYDROGEOLOGX OF AGAw'AM, LGNGMEADOW, EAST LONGMEADQW, and hampdeim, Massachusetts A Thesis By JOriN ARCHER MOSER Approved as to style and content by: ntfard S. Motts, Chairman of Committee .Joseph H. Hartshorn, Member Gregory/W. /ebb, Member Joseph H. Hartshorn, Department Head \ Department of Geology and Geography April 1975 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Abstract viii Introduction 1 Purpose 1 Location . 1 Acknowledgments 3 Methods of Study 4 Previous Geologic and Hydrologic Investigations 5 Well Numbering System 8 Geography 8 Topography 8 Drainage 9 Climate il Culture 12 Geology 12 ..... Generalized Geologic Column 12 Historical and Structural Geology 18 Economic Geology 24 Hydrogeology 25 General 25 28 Bedrock General 2« Paleozoic Bedrock 30 Triassic Bedrock • 31 Triassic Border Fault Zone Bedrock 33 iii Quaternary Deposits 33 General qq Excellent Aquifer Potential 40 Outwash deposits 40 Buried Sand and Gravel 40 Good Aquifer Potential 41 Kame deposits 41 Delta deposits 42 Fair Aquifer Potential 43 Alluvium 43 Stream-terrace deposits 43 Till 44 Poor Aquifer Potential 44 Dune Sand 44 Swamp deposits 44 Lake deposits 44 Potentiometric Surfaces 45 Bedrock Potentiometric Surface 45 .... Potentiometric Surfaces of the Quaternary Deposits 50 Water Quality 51 General 51 Interpretation 62 Water Use 7^ Ground-water Resources Potential 79 Artificial Recharge . iy Conclusions Recommendations References Cited LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Plates Plate Page 1. Bedrock Geologic Map and Data Point Location Map in pocket . . 2. Surficial Hydrogeologic Map in pocket 3 Geologic Cross-sections in pocket . 4. Bedrock Hydrologic Map in pocket Figures Figure Page 1. Location Map 2 2. Geologic Column 17 3. Gravity Profiles 22 4. Water Levels in Triassic Bedrock at U. S. Geological Survey Observation Well SG-20 47 ..... 5. Trilinear Quality Plots 65 a. All Bedrock Wells 65 — .... b. Triassic Bedrock Wells Agawam 66 — c. Triassic Bedrock Wells Longmeadow 67 — d. Triassic Bedrock Wells East Longmeadow 68 — e. Triassic Bedrock Wells Hampden 69 f Triassic Border Fault Zone Bedrock and . Paleozoic Bedrock Wells 70 g. Wells in Quaternary deposits 71 vi Tables Table Page 1. Summary of Meteorological data at Springfield, Massachusetts 13 2. Population Growth 14 3. Total Depth of Wells 34 4. Depth into Water-bearing Unit 34 5. Percentage of Wells, Within Specified Limits of Depth, in the Several Water-bearing Units 35 6. Percentage of Wells, Within Specified Limits of Depth into Bedrock, in the Several Rock Units 35 7. Yield of Wells * 36 8. Percentage of Wells, Within Specified Limits of Yield, in the Several Water-bearing Units 36 Average Yield, in gpm, of Wells, Within Specified 9. ... Limits of Depth, in the Several Water-bearing Units 37 10. Yield per Thickness of Water-bearing Unit Penetrated . . 37 11. Chemical Analyses 56 12. U.S. Public Health Service Drinking Water Standards, 80 1962 vii