Also Available Frontal–Subcortical Circuits in Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders Edited by David G. Lichter and Jeffrey L. Cummings THE HUMAN FRONTAL LOBES FUNCTIONS AND DISORDERS Third Edition EDITED BY Bruce L. Miller Jeffrey L. Cummings THE GUILFORD PRESS New York London Epub Edition ISBN: 9781462531851; Kindle Edition ISBN: 9781462531868 Copyright © 2018 The Guilford Press A Division of Guilford Publications, Inc. 370 Seventh Avenue, Suite 1200, New York, NY 10001 www.guilford.com All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Last digit is print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Miller, Bruce L., 1949– editor. | Cummings, Jeffrey L., 1948– editor. Title: The human frontal lobes : functions and disorders / edited by Bruce L. Miller, Jeffrey L. Cummings. Description: Third edition. | New York : The Guilford Press, [2018] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017028933 | ISBN 9781462531837 (hardback) Subjects: LCSH: Frontal lobes— Physiology. | Frontal lobes—Pathophysiology. | BISAC: PSYCHOLOGY / Neuropsychology. | MEDICAL Psychiatry General. | PSYCHOLOGY Psychopathology General. | MEDICAL / Neuroscience. Classification: LCC QP382.F7 H85 2018 | DDC 612.8/25—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017028933 About the Editors Bruce L. Miller, MD, is the A. W. and Mary Margaret Clausen Distinguished Professor of Neurology at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), and Director of the UCSF Memory and Aging Center. Dr. Miller is a behavioral neurologist focused on dementia, with special interests in brain–behavior relationships as well as the genetic and molecular underpinnings of disease. He currently conducts research on frontotemporal dementia, oversees a program on healthy aging, and helps lead two privately funded research consortia. Dr. Miller is a recipient of the Potamkin Prize from the American Academy of Neurology, the Raymond D. Adams Lectureship from the American Neurological Association, the J. Elliot Royer Award from the San Francisco Neurological Society, the UCSF Annual Faculty Research Lectureship in Clinical Science, and the Gene D. Cohen Research Award in Creativity and Aging from the National Center for Creative Aging, among many other honors. With more than 700 scientific publications, Dr. Miller has served since 1984 as Scientific Director of the John Douglas French Alzheimer’s Foundation. He is a member of the National Academy of Medicine. Jeffrey L. Cummings, MD, ScD, is Director of the Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health in Las Vegas, Nevada, and Cleveland, Ohio. He is the Camille and Larry Ruvo Chair for Brain Health at the Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute and Professor of Medicine at the Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University. A leading authority on Alzheimer’s disease, Dr. Cummings is interested in clinical trials, developing new therapies for brain diseases, and the interface of neuroscience and society. He is a recipient of the Edward Henderson Award from the American Geriatrics Society, the Research Award from the John Douglas French Alzheimer’s Foundation, the Ronald and Nancy Reagan Research Institute Award from the Alzheimer’s Association, the Distinguished Scientist Award from the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, and the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Society for Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology, among many other honors. Dr. Cummings has more than 700 scientific publications and is a past president of the Behavioral Neurology Society and the American Neuropsychiatric Association. Contributors Judith Aharon-Peretz, MD, Cognitive Neurology Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel Jee Bang, MD, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Sarah J. Banks, PhD, Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, Nevada James R. Bateman, MD, Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado Brianne M. Bettcher, PhD, Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado Antonello Bonci, MD, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, Maryland; Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Kyle Brauer Boone, PhD, California School of Forensic Studies, Alliant International University, and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California Nigel J. Cairns, PhD, Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri Billy T. Chen, PhD, Corporate Development, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, California Winston Chiong, MD, PhD, Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California Helena C. Chui, MD, Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California Julia Chung, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Harbor–UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California Jeffrey L. Cummings, MD, Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, Nevada Mary G. De May, MD, Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California Mark D’Esposito, MD, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California Orrin Devinsky, MD, Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York Nicholas B. Diamond, MA, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, and Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Darin D. Dougherty, MD, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts Simon Ducharme, MD, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada Annette L. Ermshar, PhD, Dr. Ermshar and Associates, San Marino, California Christopher M. Filley, MD, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado Daniel Fulford, PhD, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts Adam Gazzaley, MD, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California Daniel H. Geschwind, MD, PhD, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California Kelly Gola, PhD, Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California Marlís González-Fernández, MD, PhD, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini, MD, Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California Lea Tenenholz Grinberg, MD, Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California Helmut Heinsen, MD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany Argye E. Hillis, MD, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Sarah M. Hooper, JD, University of California Hastings College of the Law, San Francisco, California Alice Y. Hua, BA, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California Marco Iacoboni, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California David J. Irwin, MD, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Tracy L. Jerard, PhD, Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California Daniel I. Kaufer, MD, Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina Eun-Joo Kim, MD, Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan, South Korea Joel H. Kramer, PsyD, Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California Anthony E. Lang, MD, Toronto Western Hospital and Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Taraz G. Lee, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan Virginia M.-Y. Lee, PhD, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Gabriel C. Léger, MD, Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, Nevada Ira Lesser, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Harbor–UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California Brian Levine, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, and Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Anli Liu, MD, Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York Carol A. Mathews, MD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida Bruce L. Miller, MD, Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California Georges Naasan, MD, Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California Jennifer Ogar, MD, Center for Aphasia and Related Disorders, Veterans Affairs Northern Health Care System, Martinez, California David C. Perry, MD, Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California Katherine L. Possin, PhD, Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California Bruce H. Price, MD, Department of Neurology, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts Liliana Ramirez-Gomez, MD, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California Katherine P. Rankin, PhD, Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California Edwin H. Rodriguez, PhD, Biophysics Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California Howard J. Rosen, MD, Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California Sharon J. Sha, MD, Department of Neurology and Neuropsychological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California Adam M. Staffaroni, MS, Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California Melanie L. Stephens, PhD, Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California Virginia E. Sturm, PhD, Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California Leonel Tadao Takada, MD, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil Maria Carmela Tartaglia, MD, Tanz Center for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada John Q. Trojanowski, MD, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Vivianna M. Van Deerlin, MD, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Anne-Catherine Vijverman, MD, Toronto Western Hospital and Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Sophia Vinogradov, MD, Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota Joshua D. Woolley, MD, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California Weiguo Zhu, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Harbor–UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California