Volume III The Homer Encyclopedia Edited by Margalit Finkelberg SBD-FFLCH-USP ®W I LEY-BLACKWELL A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication -^3 This edition first published 2011 ©2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd Blackwell Publishing was acquired by' John Wiley & Sons in February 2007. Blackwell’s publishing program has been merged with Wiley’s global Scientific, Technical, and Medical business to form Wiley-Blackwell. Registered Office John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, P019 8SQ, United Kingdom Editorial Offices 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, P019 8SQ, UK For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services, and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. 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This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If profes­ sional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Homer encyclopedia / edited by Margalit Finkelberg. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4051-7768-9 (hardcover: alk. paper) 1. Homer-Encyclopedias. 1. Finkelberg, Margalit. PA4037.A5H58 2011 883'.0I-dc22 2010025063 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Set in 9.5/11.5pt Minion by SPi Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India 1 2011 MIX Paper from FSC responsible sources FSC* C013604 Brief Contents Volume I List of Entries vi List of Illustrations xvii List of Maps xix Notes on Contributors xx Preface and Acknowledgments xxxvii Synopsis xxxix List of Abbreviations xlv The Homer Encyclopedia A-G 1-325 Volume II List of Illustrations vi List of Maps viii List of Abbreviations ix The Homer Encyclopedia H-Q 326-705 Volume III List of Illustrations vi List of Maps viii List of Abbreviations ix The Homer Encyclopedia R-Z 706-954 References 955 Index 1031 Illustrations Fig. 1 Earliest known photograph of the Lion Gate at Mycenae, ca. 1859 70 Fig. 2 Plan of the citadel of Mycenae showing the excavations by Schliemann in the area immediately inside the Lion Gate and Grave Circle A 71 Fig. 3 Tiryns, the eastern approach, ca. 1886 71 Fig. 4 The fortifications of Troy VI, with Dörpfeld standing on top, 1894 72 Fig. 5 Scythian warrior stringing a composite bow 80 Fig. 6 “Schliemann’s Nestor’s cup” from Shaft Grave IV 100 Fig. 7 A woodcut of Nestor’s cup by A. Alciato (1584) 101 Fig. 8 Avdo Medjedovii 121 Fig. 9 Carl W. Biegen 134 Fig. 10 Plan of the Mycenaean palace of Pylos 376 Fig. 11 Lefkandi (Toumba), plan 377 Fig. 12 Lefkandi (Toumba), reconstruction 377 Fig. 13 Oropos, aerial photo of the Early Iron Age settlement 378 Fig. 14 Blinding of cyclops, amphora, Eleusis; early 7th century bce 392 Fig. 15 Blinding of cyclops, Etruscan pithos; 650-625 bce 392 Fig. 16 Chariot race at the Funeral Games for Patroklos, from the François vase; early 6th century bce 393 Fig. 17 The “Euphronios krater,” ca. 515 bce 403 Fig. 18 Transcription of the Dipylon Oinochoe inscription of a Late Geometric prize jug from Athens, ca. 730 bce 410 Fig. 19 Albert B. Lord 488 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS VII Fig. 20 The area of Mycenae 536 Fig. 21 The inscription on “Nestor’s Cup,” from Pithekoussai, ca. 730 bce 573 Fig. 22 Odyssey 9.295-309, 344-384, and 11.273-282, archive of Aurelius Ammon, Panopolis (Egypt), 3rd century ce 622 Fig. 23 Milman Parry 630 Fig. 24 Phoinix leads the Embassy to Achilles; bronze tripod leg, Olympia, ca. 620 bce 662 Fig. 25 Nicosia, Kouklia T.9:7, 11th-century bce proto-bichrome kalathos 664 Fig. 26 Archelaus of Priene, Apotheosis of Homer (3rd century bce) 709 Fig. 27 Pintoricchio (1454-1513), Penelope with the Suitors, ca. 1509 730 Fig. 28 Gavin Hamilton (1723-1798), Achilles Lamenting the Death ofPatroclus, 1760-1763 731 Fig. 29 John Flaxman (1755-1826), The Embassy to Achilles from The Iliad, 1793 732 Fig. 30 Dame Elisabeth Frink (1930-1993), from The Odyssey, Odysseus and Penelope, 1973-1974 733 Fig. 31 Heinrich Schliemann 762 Fig. 32 Ship and rigging 781 Fig. 33 Impression of the Shield of Achilles 795 Fig. 34 Large building of Troy Vila excavated in the course of recent excavations west of the citadel 899 Fig. 35 Plan of Late Bronze Age Troy 900 Fig. 36 South Gate of Troy VI and VII 901 Fig. 37 Troy VIII, ca. 100 bce 903 Fig. 38 Troy IX, ca. 100 ce 904 Fig. 39 Folio 19r of the Venetus A, featuring Iliad A 352-376, with accompanying scholia 923 Fig. 40 F. A. Wolf, painting by Johann Wolff, 1823 937 Maps Map 1 Troy’s Homeric Allies 52 Map 2 The bases of the Greek contingents in the Catalogue of Ships 154 Map 3 The Troad 307 Map 4 Troy and environs 308 Map 5 Major regions and cities enjoying close contacts with Ithaca in the Ithacan books of the Odyssey (1-4, 13-24) 310 Abbreviations A&A Antike und Abendland AA Archäologischer Anzeiger AAA Archaiologika analekta ex Athenon (Athens Annals of Archaeology) AAntHung Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae AC VAntiquité classique AClass Acta Classica AH Archaeologia Homerica: die Denkmäler und das frühgriechische Epos, ed. Friedrich Matz and Hans-Gunter Buchholz. Gottingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1967- AJA American Journal of Archaeology AJP American Journal of Philology Allen T. W. Allen. Homeri Opera, vols. 1-2: 3rd ed. (1920); vols. 3-4: 2nd ed. (1917-1919). Oxford: Clarendon Press ANRW Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt AS Anatolian Studies ASNP Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa ATU H-J. Uther. The Types of International Folktales: A Classification and Bibliography, vols. 1-3. Helsinki: Academia Scientiarum Fennica, 2004 AW Antike Welt BAR Biblical Archaeology Review BASOR Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research BCH Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique X LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Beazley, ARV J. D. Beazley. Attic Red-Figure Vase Painters, vols. 1-3. 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1963 Bernabé A. Bernabé. Poetarum Epicorum Graecorum Testimonia et Fragmenta {PEG). I. Stuttgart and Leipzig: Teubner, 1996 (1st ed., 1987). II. Munich and Leipzig: Saur, 2004-2005 (= OF Bernabé) BICS Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies BMCR Bryn Mawr Classical Review BNP Brill’s New Pauly. Leiden and Boston, 2002- BSA Annual of the British School at Athens CA Classical Antiquity CAF T. Kock. Comicorum Atticorum Fragmenta. 3 vols. Leipzig: Teubner, 1880-1888 CAG Commentaria in Aristotelem Graeca CAH Cambridge Ancient History Campbell D. A. Campbell (ed.). Greek Lyric: Sappho and Alcaeus. Cambridge, MA, 1982 CEG Carmina Epigraphica Graeca, vols. 1-2, ed. P. A. Hansen. Berlin and New York: de Gruyter, 1983-1989 Chantraine P. Chantraine. Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grècque. Histoire des mots. Paris: Klincksieck, 1968. New edition with supplement, 1999 CJ Classical Journal CoMIK J. Chadwick, L. Godart, J. T. Killen, J.-P. Olivier, A. Sacconi, L. Sakellarakis. Corpus ofMycenaean Inscriptions, vols. 1-4. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986-1998 CP Classical Philology CQ Classical Quarterly CR Classical Review CSCA California Studies of Classical Antiquity CTA A. Herdner (ed.). Corpus des tablettes en cunéiformes alphabétiques découvertes à Ras Shamra-Ugarit de 1929 à 1939. Paris: Geuthner 1963 CW Classical World D-K H. Diels and W. Kranz. Die Fragmente der Vorsokratikeru> (Diels- Kranz). Berlin: Weidmann, 1960-1961 Davies, EGF M. Davies (ed.). Epicorum Graecorum Fragmenta. Göttingen: Vandenhoek 8c Ruprecht, 1988 Davies, PMGF M. Davies (ed.). Poetarum Melicorum Graecorum Fragmenta, vol. 1. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS XI Ebeling H. Ebeling. Lexicon Homericum. Leipzig: Teubner, 1880-1885 EGF see Davies, EGF EMC Echos du Monde Ciassique FGrHist see Jacoby Fowler R. L. Fowler. Early Greek Mythography, vol. 1: Text and Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000 G&R Greece and Rome GEF see West GGM see Müller GRBS Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies GVl W. Peek (ed.). Griechische Vers-Inschriften I: Grab-Epigramme. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1955 HED Hittite Etymological Dictionary. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 1991— HSCP Harvard Studies in Classical Philology ICS Illinois Classical Studies IEG M. L. West (ed.). Iambi et Elegi Graeci ante Alexandrum cantati, vols. 1-2. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971-1972 (= W) IG Inscriptiones Graecae, 1873— IJCT International Journal of the Classical Tradition Jacoby F. Jacoby. Die Fragmente der griechischen Historiker. Berlin: Weidmann 1923- (= FGrHist) JANER Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions mi Journal of the History of Ideas JHS Journal of Hellenic Studies JNES Journal of Near Eastern Studies K-A = PCG Kannicht R. Kannicht (ed.). TrGF, voL 5: Euripides (2004) KGW Friedrich Nietzsche. Werke. Kritische Gesamtausgabe. Ed. G. Colli and M. Montinari. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1967- Kroll W. Kroll (ed.). Procli Diadochi in Platonis Rem publicam commentarii. Leipzig: Teubner, 1899-1901 KUB Keilschrifturkunden aus Boghazkoi Lex. Vind. Lexicon Vindobonense, ed. A. Nauck. St. Petersburg, 1867. Repr. Hildesheim: G. Olms, 1965 LfgrE Lexikon des frühgriechischen Epos. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck 8t Ruprecht, 1955-