anderson.qxd:Layout 1 10/20/08 4:43 PM Page 1 b r o a d v i e w p r e s s K i m b e The History of the Life and r broadview editions (e Adventures of Mr. Anderson d “Intheearly1750sEdwardKimbercompletedTheHistoryoftheLifeand . M Edward Kimber AdventuresofMr.Anderson,astrangeandwonderfulnovelthatquickly a disappearedwithoutatrace.Theproblemwasnotaboringnarrative.Hespun s o acomplextaleoftwoyoungloversinMarylandwhotriedtodefytheconventions n ofapatriarchalAtlanticworldoftheeighteenthcentury.Rather,theproblemwas a edited by n thatKimberdealtopenlywitheconomicoppressionandhumanexploitation, d Matthew Mason and Nicholas Mason imaginingaviolentslaverevoltagainstthegreatplantersofVirginia.One M hastoberemindedconstantlythatthisworkappearedmanyyearsbefore a s AbolitionistsinEnglandandAmericaeffectivelychallengedbondage.Thisbook o n providesasplendidintroductiontotheviolentcomplexityofAtlantichistory.” ) T.H.Breen,NorthwesternUniversity A T “TheHistoryoftheLifeandAdventuresofMr.Andersonpresentsafascinating d h glimpseintoEnglishperceptionsofNorthAmericainthemid-eighteenth v e century.AsMatthewandNicholaspointoutintheirastuteandaccessible e n H introduction,EdwardKimber’slong-forgottennovelalsoremindsusthatthe eighteenth-centurynovelemergedinthetransatlanticsphere.Theappendices tu is r t richlysituateKimber’snovelinthecontextofotherBritishwritingsonNorth e o America,includingKimber’sown(hetraveledinthecoloniesfrom1742to1744, s r y andminedtheseexperiencesrepeatedlyinhislongandproductivecareer).Both o f o theappendicesandtheMasons’introductionareparticularlygoodinproviding M f contextsforunderstandingKimber’scomplexrepresentationsofindentured t servitudeandchattelslaveryintheAmericancolonies.” r h . e MelissaHomestead,UniversityofNebraskaLincoln A L n i In1754theBritishadventurer,compiler,andnovelistEdwardKimberpublishedThe d f e e HistoryoftheLifeandAdventuresofMr.Anderson.RootedinataleKimberheardwhile r a exploringtheAtlanticseaboard,Mr.Andersonisthenovelist’stransatlantictaleofslavery, s n o Indianrelations,andfrontierlife.HavingbeenkidnappedinEngland,transportedacross d n The History of the theMiddlePassage,andsoldtoabrutalMarylandplanterasawhiteslave,TomAnderson gainshisfreedomandinrapidsuccessionbecomesasuccessfultrader,awarhero,anda Life and Adventures friendtoslave,Indian,Quebecois,andEnglishmanalike.Stillengagingandreadable250 yearsafteritsoriginalpublication,Mr.Andersonoffersarichandvariedportrayalofthe of Mr. Anderson mid-eighteenth-centuryAtlanticworld. Edward Kimber ThisBroadvieweditionfeaturesanintroductionbybothaliteraryscholarandahistorian, elaboratingonsignificantthemesinthenovel.Theappendicesincludeanextensiveselection edited by ofdocuments—someunpublishedelsewhere—furthercontextualizingmanyofthosethemes, includingslavery,Britishrepresentationsofcolonial Matthew Mason and America,andeighteenth-centuryBritishliterature’s Nicholas Mason emphasisonsensibilityandthe“cultoffeeling.” MatthewMasonandNicholasMasonareAssistantProfessor ofHistoryandAssociateProfessorofEnglish,respectively, atBrighamYoungUniversity. b r o Cover:“BoybyOpenDoor,1847-52.” a d PhotographbyJohnMuirWood. v i e www.broadviewpress.com w www.broadviewpress.com a-front.qxd 14/10/2008 4:26 PM Page 1 THE HISTORY OF THE LIFE AND ADVENTURES OF MR. ANDERSON A First Modern English Edition of Les Évangiles des Quenouilles broadview editions series editor: L.W. Conolly THEDISTAFFGOSPELS 1 a-front.qxd 14/10/2008 4:26 PM Page 2 Miles Franklin,2 April 1898.Used by permission of the Mitchell Library,State Library of New South Wales. 2 THEDISTAFFGOSPELS a-front.qxd 14/10/2008 4:26 PM Page 3 THE HISTORY OF THE LIFE AND ADVENTURES OF MR. ANDERSON Edward Kimber Les Évangiles des Quenouilles translated by Thomas K.Abbott with revisions by Lara Denis edited by Matthew Mason and Nicholas Mason broadview editions THEDISTAFFGOSPELS 3 a-front.qxd 14/10/2008 4:26 PM Page 4 ©2009 Matthew Mason and Nicholas Mason All rights reserved.The use of any part of this publication reproduced,transmitted in any form or by any means,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,or other- wise,or stored in a retrieval system,without prior written consent of the publisher— or in the case of photocopying,a licence from Access Copyright (Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency),One Yonge Street,Suite 1900,Toronto,Ontario M5E 1E5—is an infringement of the copyright law. Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Kimber,Edward,1719-1769 The history of the life and adventures of Mr.Anderson / Edward Kimber ; edited by Matthew Mason and Nicholas Mason. (Broadview editions) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-55111-703-4 I.Mason,Matthew. II. Mason,Nicholas,1970- III. Title. IV. Series. PR3539.K57H58 2008 823′.6 C2008-905434-2 Broadview Editions The Broadview Editions series represents the ever-changing canon of literature in English by bringing together texts long regarded as classics with valuable lesser- known works. Advisory editor for this volume:Martin R.Boyne Broadview Press is an independent,international publishing house,incorporated in 1985.Broadview believes in shared ownership,both with its employees and with the general public;since the year 2000 Broadview shares have traded publicly on the Toronto Venture Exchange under the symbol BDP. We welcome comments and suggestions regarding any aspect of our publications— please feel free to contact us at the addresses below or at [email protected]. North America Post Office Box 1243,Peterborough,Ontario,Canada K9J 7H5 2215 Kenmore Avenue,Buffalo,NY,USA 14207 Tel:(705) 743-8990;Fax:(705) 743-8353; email:[email protected] UK,Ireland,and continental Europe NBNInternational,Estover Road,Plymouth PL6 7PY UK Tel:44 (0) 1752 202300 Fax:44 (0) 1752 202330 email:[email protected] Australia and New Zealand UNIREPS,University of New South Wales Sydney,NSW,Australia 2052 Tel:61 2 9664 0999;Fax:61 2 9664 5420 email:[email protected] www.broadviewpress.com This book is printed on paper containing 100% post-consumer fibre. Typesetting and assembly:True to Type Inc.,Claremont,Canada. PRINTED IN CANADA a-front.qxd 14/10/2008 4:26 PM Page 5 Contents Acknowledgements (cid:127) 7 Introduction (cid:127) 9 Edward Kimber:A Brief Chronology (cid:127) 35 Maps (cid:127) 37 1. Northwest Europe (cid:127) 37 2. Colonial America (cid:127) 38 3. The Chesapeake Region (cid:127) 39 ANote on Eighteenth-Century Currency (cid:127) 41 ANote on the Text (cid:127) 43 The History of the Life and Adventures of Mr.Anderson (cid:127) 45 Appendix A:Kimber’s Other Writings on North America and Slavery (cid:127) 183 1. From A Relation,or Journal,of a Late Expedition to the Gates of St.Augustine(1744) (cid:127) 183 2. “Fidenia:Or,the Explanation”(March 1744) (cid:127) 185 3. From “Itinerant Observations in America”(1745–46) (cid:127) 188 4. From “Itinerant Observations in America”(July 1746) (cid:127) 194 5. From The Life and Adventures of Joe Thompson(1750) (cid:127) 196 Appendix B:British Attitudes Toward Colonial America (cid:127) 198 1. From Ebenezer Cook,The Sot-weed Factor(1708) (cid:127) 198 2. From Richard Steele,“The History of Inkle and Yarico”(13 March 1711) (cid:127) 206 3. From Daniel Defoe,Moll Flanders(1722) (cid:127) 208 Appendix C:Slavery and Servitude (cid:127) 212 1. From James Revel,The Poor Unhappy Transported Felon’s Sorrowful Account of His Fourteen Years Transportation at Virginia in America(ca.1660–80) (cid:127) 212 2. From John Locke,“Of Slavery”(1690) (cid:127) 216 3. Mary Barber,“On Seeing the Captives,Lately Redeem’d from Barbary by His Majesty”(1734) (cid:127) 217 4. From James Annesley,Memoirs of an Unfortunate Young Nobleman,Return’d from a Thirteen Years Slavery in America(1743) (cid:127) 219 5. From Malachy Postlethwayt,The African Trade, the Great Support of the British Plantation Trade in America(1745) (cid:127) 223 THEROMANCEOFASHOP 5 a-front.qxd 14/10/2008 4:26 PM Page 6 Appendix D:Novels in the Mid-Eighteenth Century (cid:127) 226 1. From Lord Chesterfield,Letters Written by the Late Right Honourable Philip Dormer Stanhope,Earl of Chesterfield,to His Son,Philip Stanhope,Esq. (ca.1740) (cid:127) 226 2. From Samuel Johnson,“Rambler No.4”(31 March 1750) (cid:127) 228 3. From Samuel Richardson,The History of Sir Charles Grandison(1753–54) (cid:127) 233 Select Bibliography (cid:127) 239 6 CONTENTS a-front.qxd 14/10/2008 4:26 PM Page 7 Acknowledgements The collaborative nature of producing this volume began but hardly ended with our partnership as editors. We have many people and institutions to thank for making this edition both pos- sible and better than it would have been with only our efforts.We assume,however,that no one will think for a moment of charg- ing them with whatever errors or infelicities are here. Brigham Young University offered invaluable support for us both with this project.The English Department and the College of Humanities provided funds for the maps and a graduate assis- tant, Joshua Bullough, whose research skills and eye for detail helped move the project along, particularly in its early stages. Funding from the College of Family,Home,and Social Sciences also helped pay for the maps, which faculty and staff in the Department of Geography produced. In addition to this institutional support,we have also benefited from generous and thoughtful feedback from many students and colleagues.The students in Nicholas’s fall 2004 course on eigh- teenth-century British literature offered several valuable insights on how this edition could prove most helpful to students.Jenny Hale Pulsipher,Brett Rushforth,Matthew Wickman,and partic- ipants in the Tenth Anniversary Conference of the Harvard Atlantic Seminar provided useful comments on various drafts of the introduction. Eric Slauter and Neil L.York offered not only perceptive critiques but also references to vitally important source material. Brett Rushforth helped enormously with the identification of various places and names in the colonial border- lands and French sections of the novel, Donald J. Harreld referred us to the websites that helped us do the monetary con- versions,and Anthony Jarrells helped track down bibliographical information on Kimber’s London Magazine publications.Finally, our gratitude goes out to previous scholars who have studied Kimber and his works,particularly T.H.Breen,whose preface to Tobacco Culture:The Mentality of the Great Tidewater Planters on the Eve of Revolutionfirst introduced us to this novel. This began as a family endeavor, and we owe much to our familial relationships.As always, our spouses, children, and sib- lings have been a great support. Most particularly, we wish to thank our parents, Mike and LeAnn Mason, who raised us in a home where reading, writing, and thinking reflectively about both the past and present were not only encouraged but modeled.To them we dedicate this volume. THEHISTORYOFMR.ANDERSON 7 a-front.qxd 14/10/2008 4:26 PM Page 8 8 INTRODUCTION a-front.qxd 14/10/2008 4:26 PM Page 9 Introduction In the world of literary taxonomy, where one of the most basic classificatory moves is to divide authors into “major” and “minor”orders,a writer like Edward Kimber poses several chal- lenges. To begin with, Kimber remains so obscure that even dubbing him a “minor eighteenth-century novelist” might seem overly generous. All of Kimber’s novels were published anony- mously,and no one in his lifetime seems to have been particularly concerned with discovering their authorship.It was not until the 1930s that Frank Gees Black and Sidney Kimber (the novelist’s great-great-grandson) would identify Kimber as the author of dozens of mid-eighteenth-century books, pamphlets, and maga- zine contributions.1Their discovery, however, has done little to attract new readers to Kimber’s novels,and even specialists in the eighteenth-century novel can still pass an entire career without either hearing of Kimber or reading his works. Why Kimber has proven so persistently unknown is something of a mystery.In terms of sheer productivity,he was quite remark- able.Between 1750 and 1765,a period during which he worked on dozens of side projects and was responsible (from 1755 onward) for editing the London Magazine,he was somehow able to write eight novels,an output few of his peers could match.Far from stillborn products of the press, Kimber’s novels tended to circulate for several decades beyond their publication date. By Black’s count, some 37 editions of his eight novels appeared between 1750 and 1808, including several translations into German and French.2 Perhaps most tellingly, in 1783, when James Harrison compiled The Novelist’s Magazine,a series dedi- cated to establishing a canon of classic British novels,he included Kimber’s first novel, Joe Thompson (1750), alongside such land- 1 Sidney A.Kimber,“The ‘Relation of a Late Expedition to St.Augus- tine,’With Biographical and Bibliographical Notes on Isaac and Edward Kimber,”Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America28 (1934): 81–96;Frank Gees Black,“Edward Kimber:Anonymous Novelist of the Mid-Eighteenth Century,”Harvard Studies and Notes in Philology and Literature17 (1935):27–42. 2 Black,“Edward Kimber,”27–28. THEHISTORYOFMR.ANDERSON 9