206 OSPREY· MEN-AT-ARMS SERIES ~my 'The %noverian of the ilpoleonic m r s Textby PETER HOFSCHROER .. Colourplatesby BRY FO E of The Hanoverian Army the llpoleonic //Mrs 1I1trotlttctioll arri d it m r qllipm I1l lar 1 imilar to tho u d in th BriG h I'm. Th King rman L gion, fI rm d in J8 3, wa ba d m r on r LaLe ,Lhat an amalgam f Han v rian and Brili h militar BriLi h tradition. ot all red oats arm d with Lh Brown rown f B s auld p ak th King' 'ngLi h'-Ih' king rum If wa p rhap n t a pr fi i I1l in lhe languag as he 'hould ha e be n. meOflh m st reliabl troop \ ellington had at Wat rl 0 were r d-coaled G rmans eterans ofth K L. Contemporarywaterco)ou.r,from the eries by RODDeDberg, howing aD officer (left) and l'rivauo of the 8th Infantry Regimentinc.J79J;fbi unithad garrisonsat Cell",Gifhom, BnrgdorfandHnde heim.Theredc:oat'wasfaced white,and button and lace were i1Vf>r aDd white. For general cr. characteristics. Plates AI, B3. Han rian arm w r lIni~ rm and 3 rf TileArJlll)' E~ ctorate tcrritori be arne a pawn in the power III n Britain Fran and Pru ia. oj·HallOv. 1792-/8°3 t J w to m d rni. J., cn ar \1\arwas Irill r gulaLi n . III infantry ot lh ir in '784, th a all' in 1787. Th a\'alr} ereparticular! !Tood. hedi tanc at whi h tta ks\ eret belaun hed werere.lri led that th ommandin officer ould maintain lief ontrolofhi m n. rparticularnoteis th fa l that h Ii hl dra n had the arne regulations a the re l f th avalry' th Han v rian h r wa lhu I 92. b r Ilk th 'all-purp ,cavalryofthe ofHat I th 'ntu lhan lh '.P iali t avaJr of the 18th. Omcerandma.nofthe14thlnfantryinc.1791,atabouttheOm.• ofitsreturn£romthelndie butbeforeit(andthe15th)WOft disbandedandusedtoformthenew14thLigbtlDfantry.Th. redcoat arefaced reeD.;'metal'andlaceare i1verandwhit.. Uuusu:ally,theofficer' lapel"bearlaceloops'bothmeAseem to have lace-edged collars; and note the atypical lace trim around the top of the cu.£l'_the right-band man fDA repre entanNCO?Plumesintbi unitwereyeUow/whitefor officersand red/white/greeDfor rankers. (Ronnenberg) h Ip w re arm m her CZ3ataiHon lum &efecbt. K-O-O-O-UOU-O-K-O-K o pp - - rOF --- pn HpJ" H 11--11-11-11 -11-11-11-11 (l" 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 Iitl J-rKI I,-IKa \ 0 K (\ ) Bt AAA i\u u- TI'TTT --U lVI.AA All A A u- '1'1' TT --L1 A A ZZZZ 5c1)iil!cn TT 1'T II So ZZZZ '1''1" TT l\Ko Srbii~cn her ware temphasisonproperu'ainingin Hano erianinfantrybattalioninbanJeformadon.upfO 180$ rhe key i as follows: Ko = conu:nander, M = major A = lh Han v rian c airy, In f; ct th ann adjutant,K = captain,0 = lieutenantorensign,040 = artillery ommand nt a far a pp intin r '01 nr I aorfftiiclleerr,ySo=COsk,iHrm=isbhuegrlse'roffTic=er,dFl'1=1.lDc.oDlloeurro,rUm=usicCiOan,,AZll== lraill (Regimcnlsbel'cif r) OlraU 0 that a h apper,A = gunner B' = battaliondl"lUllD1er,Ka =cannon, Pr = limber P = horse; long barsindieaterank ofmen. rf 'mentva, :rain d t xa tl the am landaI'd. FurtbenTIor ,a tll orth errnan Plain is w('l1 rman kn wn rcr the quality of it h r A h Lh Hallo\' rian ah'yw' parti ul rI w Um unt d, .pilea lack offunding Han cr', m unt d arm n flh be t lrain d and m unt din urope. I al' und t1J am tim !'liller nd Engin I' . ho rc und d and a hj h I v I pI' fl ionali m wa n ura d' artill I' 1 attended rc r on ear, om 1 for thr . charn pra tical ll'ainin in Hano r wa' h t th [am u reformer of th Pru ian rmy u\ tau hIattlUs ho I;hehadjoin d -tor[f cavalry mu h th 'gran I r' 'menr a orn t (Faelznriclz) in 17 7 aft r omOlon in 18th r r(' 'iving iii lrUCli II fr m unl \ illiam .'chaumbur -Lipp. hims If n f lh r at mililar think rs of this era. harnhorst on I . am nr fa gJ' up f ffi er d v 1 d 1 the n ref< I'm nd m derni ali n rlh Han rianarm . AninfantryblUulioninparadeformadon.pre-I~3:thekeyifi ill ludin lh th n- aptain Fri dl'i h \' n del' asin the previousdiagram. cnataiIfon eporabe. lUt K o o K 0 r:OF 0 K o o K}\!'1K., -rrrn-rrn BT U-i\1\~l\. liTT TTTT JA\r.LIA H U-U-U-U-U-U-U-U-UUU-U-U-U-U-U-lI-U-lI --11 -11- 1\11 i\ 1\11 ,\ -1-1- S~)lIf!CII A A 1\ A 5~ltilll'll U u u u U II U Hpp tl. !,'omponie 3. ~~oll1ponie 2. Sl:ompanie I. !eOIlIPOllic HPP Dr (i\rellobi,'rko)lII\'Oilic Pr Z'l.ZZ ZZZZ 5 Konnenberg' watercolourofaDofficerandmanoftheMilitia regiJnenlll,c.li91.Theredcoatsarefacedwhite;Doteabsence oflaceloop on the ranker's uniform. Despite the generally advancedattitudetonlllitarytraining,theElectoratesuffered from dwindling manpower, and these ten [.alldreginumur wereincorporated into the Line in 1794- most unpopula.r decree. unifi d mmand 'tru tUl'e like thal f th (hen h clivi in:. Thi' horl omin b came apparel1l Y during lhe \\:al' f lh fren h R voJuLi nand hamhor.t a' Quart rma. ter- n ral of lh Han v rian army , mpl in'd Iill rly aboul it. , ob d w uld v rb Ij ',heremark d. '(bal W ampaignecl r 18 month in the area around M uron i-nia Werwikand ourtraivithoul r havin a map of th ar a. and ught baltic or \ ithou[ prcci knowledg il ven lhough [ 0 ngin r ffi r uld have mapp d il in a fI da :.' Fr m 178 , the I' gim l1laJ arLiller \ a. mann d y . 1 l d m n [I' m a h baltaiion of[heinfantry r 'gim nt ho rc . ed addiLional pay [or lheir dUlic·. Furthermore a batt ry fh artill r va' 6 skinnishers. Some Hanoverian olTieers played an important pari in thisdebate, including Wissel and Emmerich; howcver, a lack of financcs prevcnted thl'Ory being put into practice. In common with othcr German states, Hanovcr slarted10introduccalight infantryelcmcnt intothe ~neformations. Du Plat, the Inspcctor ofInfantry, ~ued a Rcgulalion in 1800 instructing his regiments to train onc officer, four NCOs and 60 men per battalion as Sharpshooters (Schmjschllet .;:m), anned with the light Grenadier musket. ~lort'Over. the third rank ofeach company was to ~usedasa 'Reserve Platoon' for theskirmish fight infaCtlhe Hanoverian armywasdisbanded before this Regulation was put into practice). Organisatiol1 Infantry In t789the Infantryconsistedofone Guard and 15 LineregirnellLS,thelasttwoofwhich wereservingin the East Indies. rcturning in 1791/92. Each regiment consisted of two battalions each having ollecompanyofGrenadiersand liveorMusketecrs. The regimcntal staffconsisted ofone colonel, one lieutenant-colonel, twO majors. one regimental surgeon,oneregimcnwl drummcr, rouroboists and the regimental driver. The 12 companies containcd a total of eight captains, two acting captains, 12 lieutenants, tcn ensigns, 24- sergeants, 2+ junior scrgcallls, 36 corporals, 28 musicians, 152 grenadiers and 480 musketeers. Each infantry rcgimclll had rour 3 pdr. cannon servedbysixsergeantsand 32 men.The regimental artillery was commanded by a trained artillery ofliccr. The regimental garrisons werc as follows: Guard Regimmt: Hanover. lsi "!fRegl.: Mllcnden, Dransfeld, I-Iedemllcndcn, Uslar, HardC!.rscn. 2nd InjRtgL Einbcck, Moringen, Osnabrucck. 3rd InfRegl.: Hamlin (I-Iameln).4th "!fRegt.: Stade.jth bif,Rtgl.: Vcrdcn, Hoya, Walsrodc, Bucckcl1, Rethcm. 6th II/j.Regt.: Nicllbu"g, Neustadt, Stol Theaecondandfourthcolounofthe lOthInfantryRe~meDt; though DOt very clea..l), iIIuaU·.ted in thue ....productions lcnau, WunstOI"r.7th"!fRegl.: Hamlin.81hb!fRegt.: f..om Schi..m...., the)' ~ve an impre>lllion of the elabo...te Celie, Gilhorn, Burgdorr, Hildcshcilll. 91h bifRegt.: deliignsusedit!th..pre-ISo]un,)'.80thweredarkgreen,with a whiteceot...1dilCandblu..scroUa,themotifsbeingpainted Nonheim, Ostcrode, Gocllingcll. IOlh b!f.Rl'gt.: inaah.ral colou.... 7 m j r (cu\'alr) and infantry}. t\ bri adr adjutanls ( avaJr ' and infanu ), n quarlerm. lcr g ncral veil cngine roll cr s.i glide, on[' taff rIal' wlth on I rk on auditor g n ral with on I rk n lafT haplain with on n d t r n ur on n waggon g ner I, n staffqu rt I'm, t r. Finally, til I' fi Id po I and m di al p r ann I. It-!:lalLlry: Th I' gim nl U d ~ r lhi. orp w I' lh uard, 4-th 5Lh tb, I III nd 1ILh..a Il regimen! on-i I d of lwo ballaJion and \ as organi ed . r II ws: nior lafJ. I n I, Ii ut nant- 01on I. t a majors. IntermedialeandJunioT 'Iaff n r 'gim'ntal quarter m tel'. lW adjutant n fi Id eh, plain. one audit r. on r. im tHaI ur n r im Iltal drummer ci ht bit lw driv' ,on urer. ffi cr 1wa er cant, four The econdcolo....ofthe 12thInfantryRegiment;inthis unit the colou.rli, following the facings, were yellow. The Royal cyphersinthecomer ofthe ecoloursCO • tedofacrowned of the 'LX re .menu GR' over'Ill'. (Sc:bir:mer) rcnadier Battalion. or r nadi r ompani Hano r. lllh Inj:Regl.: uen burlY. 12th hifRegt.: lz n, Lu n bur Harl urg. '3th J,!/Regl.: Rat z bur. I f lin, Lau nbur BI k d , Hitz ker, Dannenb rg u h w, ul tro . 14th irifRegt.: Ea t rndi . (U1 til 17 JI ). 15th lrifReot.: Ea.I Indi . (Ulllil 171:)1/2). he Hano eriau arm omribut d a conlin em 10 Ih Ui d army oppo ing lh into Hiland. Thi uxiliar 12-13 000 men and \" rani mera! loJf. n general Ii u nanl-g n raj f avalry, on g n raj finfalllr ,tw major-g n ral f avalry r f Ul' m jor- n ral infan r, n maj r- n r I f artillery. h n ral omm ndin . p ronal slaff on.i I d f nc ni r cavalr adjutanl n ni r infantr adjul nl ne adjutant g n ral and on aide-d - amp. .a h oflh 1J Ulenam- cneral had tv.' 'eniar adjulant ach of th major- g n ral' had one. Th r w r al I.. 0 bri ad tll"O adjutant, on hapJain. n udit I' n Four or Lhe Hallow/ian 'r nadi r battalion rl'llimental urg on, on r gim ntal drumm r, tw Il i led £'fourcompanic , a h with one aptain, drin' . one armourcr and one waggon rna t r. n Ii ut nant, IW n, ign, ne rgeant-maj I' Each compan had on aptain two fir t Iw ergeam' one njor orporal ne farri r hV lieul nant t.. ani n , on nt-major four orporal on ompany urg on. Lhr drumm rs )l' ant .ixc rp ra1 11(' c mpan I ur eon I a t\ fill r 14juni r orp ral. nd 1'24 gr nadi 1', firers,lhr edrummer, I junior rporals and / 8 The afl' on'i I d of n omrnand r, n pril-at'" EachoftheJaeger ompanie ansi ted of adjutant on battalion ur n n staff farri r one aptain ne fu' I Ii ut'nant tl n igns, two n ma'L I' n arm urer and on dri cr. or am on armour 1',on fani r (i ur orp ral', Th b uaJi n artill ry c n i ted ron 'er ant. onl ompan urg on two bugl rs and 8 ja g r, two c rp ra1 and I gunners, The artillcr I'h regil1lmlolortillelJ' n i'l d f ix un rv d b w mmand d a orporal who had ev n B m II, driver lind I' him. r h battalion lrain on'i led of Fr lh n dri er~ rthe merucal \ aggon fourdri er iLh i d n lh bread wa 'n. and / I ilh th pa k hoI' e , he th renadier Bn. had th am 'laff aruIJery and train lh olh r ompanie bUI had ix ompani ea h on i,ling f n aplain, n lieul nant on n ign, one haplain on s I' anI, OfficerandUlanoftheCavaJryLifeGuardRegirneut,c.1791: red coatsfaced with blue,lined white, with gold'lDetal and laceand whitesm.allclothes; cf.PlateBI. (Ronnenberg) 9 one cl1Jor r: rrier, t\ 0 orporal on f4 Ilowin th: taJJ: four talf offi er two mpan drummer t 0 lfcl' I adjutant r 'm ntal quart I'ma t r on lUI I I' orp rals and 7 gr nadi '1", 11 f1v regimental ur n, n b ttali 11 ur n, on batt lion hared t\ 0 arrilJ ry omc r , regim mal drumm I' n armour I' on wa on Ea h fu k t r ballalion had four ompanje, ma ler, on dri er. ach compau),= n captain n Th loff nit d f lva staff offi er, on lieu nant, two n ign one erg ant-major t\ 0 re imcmal quartermast r on adjulant, n crgeant onc -cnior corporal 01 e farrier our regim ntal .urge n, n I' gimcntaJ drummer on orporal one ompany urg on twodrumme ,I armourer,onewaggon ma t rand nedri er. E ch junior orporal 74 prival . a h Jaeger compan),: ompan con i t d ofon' ptain, ne Ii uten nl n ap in on Ii ut nam, twO n ign on two n ign ne cr ant-maj r. two ergeant, onc cr ant-maj I' tw I' ants nior orpor I, ni r orporal, n [arri r fi 'orporal one on farri I' four orporal, n ompan urgeon, mpan urg on thre drummers 14 juni I' t\ 0 bugler onearmourerand84Ja ger,Regimmtal orp ra\. and 124 privat ,Th ba talion artill r artil/elJ': tw 3 pdr, two amu ette on n ign nit d of c:!ln rg ant two orporal and ] (from the ,rillcr R gL) two ergcant our unn r, "h tr in n·i t d fan 'orp ral and orporal and 28 gunn r. Art£LieIJ' traill: tw ,e n dri rs, h re weI' al 20 driv I with th orporal , 15dri er, Baggagetrain: twodrive with baggaO'c and br 'ad waggons, th pa k waggon ight drivers with th br ad r Thc Light Infantr R gim l1t \ a th a gon, 0 driv I' with lh pa k hoI' In 1798 a an nom}' m a'ur lh th and Officer and man of the 5th Cavalry (Dragoon) Regiment, 12Lh Infamr R gt, W I' di band d and their c,I791, in blue uniforms faced white. Despite the dragoon om ers and m n tran ferr d Lo th lh rr gim nl . designation, theuniform is hardlydistinguishablefrom that oftheheavy'Reiter'regiment,ase,g.PlateA3.(Ronnenberg) Furth rmor, v ry b ttalion was reduced in lr n th b iu krt I' ompan and th I+th Light 10 Lboth it. Ja gel'compani , in 18 I. From 1799t 1801 the9thancll~rhR t .didnolcxil; the thcrregim nt weI' I tI' numb r d until 18 2. Th uard Regim nl wa I' or ani cd a follow: '/(iff. on olon I on Ii ut nant- 1 n I, l\ 0 major lw adjutants on regim mal quart I'm ' I leI' on artill I' ofTi r on regim nLal ur eon. f4 ur mpan ur on' n I''gimental drumm r. i ht oboi. t' driv r. Reg£menlal artillel]': one 'ergcant lhr rp ral 24 unn r, renaditr compa7lJ'= on captain on mr ti utenant on ond lieutenant, one en i n on er ant-m Jor one sergeant one senior c rporal one farrier four orporal two drummer two fUel'S ix junior orporal 86 gr nadier ,Thre Mu keieercOlllpal/itJ W I' 0 the ame u'ength a he Grcnadi r C pI tha h· had no fif4 I''. Th trength of an Infantr regim nt a the am xc pl lh l it nl had on adjutant. The me ppli d L lh Li hL I' m III x pI that each a th four 'ompani , had thr R ruit w I' n rmall v lunL I' occ ionall ,unil w r br u ht up 1 tr n th b) forms ofconscription such as in 1793, ub tilUl were not allowed, HO\i v I' rai ing men in u ha I ay pro\t:d loa time- on liming and ..-alLlnLeel h Lill uard rc imcnl had fivecapLain, hI' 'f lak'n rr m LIl jail -whi h, I' Ut' I d toa a ling a tain, (Jv fir. t Ii uL naill' ighl ond dl lin in di ciplinal-y standard. Ii ut n nL., i hL . I' ant. i ht quart rma t I , Th ommander. orLh InlallLryr LIn n .\ ere ei hl trainer'. J corp ral'. 8 trumpeLer and 304 il.-ftll \II: tro p I' .'a h H vy regim nL wa or imila1' ',lIord Re ;mell/: 178 Prin' Ad Iph fri drich constilution e~,,(' pt hal il had onl) two a tin Duk ( mbridg . captain .ix Jr lieut nan and eight con L. nl R'gim III: 1781-V0I1 LOckhau'en, 17 -v n Th" Drago n I' gim nL \V l'(' al similar, but ,fh 'th r. had fi captain' tw aptain, ix r1r t :!lId Rrg;ml'7l/: 1792-von 1 endorlr 18 2-V n lieuLenam and ight en ign. Tit slan' or a Oill'k1a , Drago n rc:gim 'nL e n.i.-led I' thr stalfoffi r, (> rd Regiment: [792-\on cheilh r, 1794- on oneregimenL<Itrainer,on I' rim mal lIr,!?; on,on •t('dJin , I''gim n I \' L'rinar 'ur 11 k tLle /f/l & illle1ll: 1788-von 1\11ulio .1 7 3-\,on B th drumm r, II ur 10i . nd n r gim>nlal d1'i\' 1'. ml'f. The LighlDraT on 1" •m'Ill' had the me.Lalfa jl" Regimen/: 178B-v n d l' B ck 17 L1 Drag nand 1\1(' pL in" two a lin Hohorst. I7 7-v n Hug, I800-v n cal lain'. ix fir. L Ii ut nant· and ighl send 180:'! n Ha II. lieul nant . fi"t Re imellt: 17 -v n B', I 17 2-\' n Ham The headquarter r the I' giments were a. m tein. follow: Lift Guard: Hano\' r IJI Call. Regl.: 711/ RfuimNl/: 1781-von de1' Bu che, 179 u The officer and trooper of the 9th Cavalry (Queen's Light PiaL. Dragoons)inc.1791displayconsiderableuniformdifferences 81lt R lmelll: [76'2-P1'in Ernst or}\lI ckJ nI llf , forrohmattihsehbaeradvtyormeg.aikJeneonutt;.cTr.hoeuraatctetmdepstiegdnroefctohnesjtaruckcteidoncainp 18o:'!-P1'in or' hwa1'zbur,g- onder hallS 'n. Plate82. (Ronnenberg) ,/111 Regiment: 17 n u rnhcim 17 3-v n Wan coh im 1794-v n Duering 17 von Hu 0 17 . band d. ro/ItRegimenl: 17 2-V nDiep nbroi k, 17 ° lTe 180L-V n del' W n'e, 1 -r~numb I' d nb. /I/It RegimenI: 178 - ount Taube, 17 5-v0I1 Di'pnbrik 18 -1'numb1'·dlolh. /2/1/ Regimellt: 1783- n Lin ingen, 17 5-v n \\'ahhau 11, 17 8-ill·banded. /.1lh I?egimenl: I792-\' n Be I 1795-vol1 h i Lher, 1802-1' numb l' d IILh. IIf"Regiment: 1793-\1 n Wan nhim, 17(4-V 1'1 i P I1broick, 18o_-1'enuml e.1' d 12Lh. rcgim nL t IllpanJ h re im mal LafT on i ted I'on· Ion I n Iieut nam- olon I ne maj r, on r gim mal trainer on urgeon, on I' gim nLal \ l I~inary ur e n, one keuIc-clrumm r on laff Lrump 'L r (IlIeI n regimental dri,'{'r. II